最新教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表(28篇)
光阴的迅速,一眨眼就过去了,很快就要开展新的工作了,来为今后的学习制定一份计划。写计划的时候需要注意什么呢?有哪些格式需要注意呢?下面我帮大家找寻并整理了一些优秀的计划书范文,我们一起来了解一下吧。
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇一
本班共有学生xx人。在实施新课改中,教师热心进行语文教学改革,培养学生的自学能力,开展自主、合作、探究的教改实验,取得了很好的效果,提高了学生的语文素养,培养了综合实践能力,对推进新一轮教学改革积累了成功的经验。但是,部分学生对新教材新教法仍然不能适应。受应试教育的惯性影响,仍然有重知识轻能力的现象,没有进入课改设定的情境,处于无所适从的茫然状态。
认真学习新课程标准,更新教学理念,大胆进行教学改革,实施“自主、合作、探究”的学习方法,确立学生在学习中的主体地位,为学生自主学习、合作学习、探究学习、创造性学习,创造必要的条件,促进学生语文素养的进一步提高,为其他学科的学习打好坚实的基础。
本册教材是按照《课程标准》编排的新教材,体现了新理念和新目标,致力于构建新的教材系统,促进学生综合素质的提高,确立学生在学习中的主体地位。
本册共有x篇课文,按主题合成七个单元,每个单元按照主题进行综合训练,努力吸引学生,提高学生的学习积极性。在综合学科中提高学生的语文素养,在不断的实践中,提高学生学习语文的积极性,培养实践能力、创新能力和探究能力。
1、 以深化语文教学改革为契机,加大课堂教学改革力度,积极投身新课改,运用先进教学理念和多媒体手段进行教学,在减轻学生负担的同时,激发学生地学习兴趣,唤起问题意识,实施教学民主化,努力提高课堂教学质量。
2、从整体上把握教科书,弄清编辑者的意图及内在联系,从本校本地的实际情况出发,广泛博览参考资料,集思广益,总揽全局,面向全体。做好试卷分析,找出教学中的薄弱环节,注重补差补缺,争取教学大面积丰收。
3、认真抓好听说读写训练,进行口语交际训练,结合教材中的名著欣赏,诵读欣赏、引导学生进行综合训练,尤其要注重培养语言交际能力和写作能力。
4、注重培养学生良好的学习习惯,掌握良好的学习方法,增强学习的后劲,为学生今后的发展打下基础,重视人文精神和科学精神的培养,确立语文教学的新理念。
5、搞好第二课堂活动,引导学生扩大阅读面,多读文学名著,多读健康有益的课外读物,提高文学修养,陶冶高尚情操,使学生获得社会所需要的终身受用的语文能力。
6、注重学科之间的联系和相互渗透,强化综合能力的培养,积极开发课堂学习资源和课外学习资源,沟通课堂内外,沟通平行学科,创造性地开展各种活动,努力提高语文素养,实现语文能力的可持续发展,实现终身受用,为中考和高考打下坚实的基础。
7、作文采用全批、抽批、面批,学生互批等方法,快捷、及时反馈给学生,及时指导、评价、交流,激发写作动力,同时结合每周两篇随笔指导、交流,用最贴近学生生活和学生最容易接受,最容易受感染的学生作品启发,激励学生写作,把作文教学落到实处。
8、指导学生读书和写好读书笔记,每周一节交流随笔和读书笔记课,形成丰富、生动的语文学习过程,避免死读课本和读死书现象。
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇二
����
�������๲��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½xx�ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµê©ï¿½â¿î¸ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ì¸ï¿½êµï¿½é£¬è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºüºãµï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ö½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ì²ï¿½ï¿½â½ì·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¸ï¿½ï¿½è¶¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê´óµï¿½ã£è»×´ì¬ï¿½ï¿½
����
��������ñ§ï°ï¿½â¿î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½óµ¨½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï£¬êµê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½êµï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
��������ì²ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½â½ì²ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä½ì²ï¿½ïµí³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½
�������Ṳ��xæªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï³ï¿½ï¿½ß¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1�� ������ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î¸ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶î½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½êµê©ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2���������ï°ï¿½ï¿½õ½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½é£¬åªï¿½ï¿½à¼ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó±ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ðµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½×¢ï¿½ø²ï¿½ï¿½î²¹è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½
����3������ץ����ëµï¿½ï¿½ð´ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4��ע������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ñ§ï°ï¿½äºó¾¢£ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£
����5����ãµú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����6��ע��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½í¨æ½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµø¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½îªï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½í¸ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½êµï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����7�����ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½äµ½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����8��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ç£ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºí¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ç¿î£ï¿½ï¿½î³é·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î±ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇三
全面落实教育方针,深刻体现语文的人文性和工具性。树立“大语文”教育观念,努力培养和提高学生的语文素质。积极开发每个学生的潜能,培养学生的健康个性,培养学生自我学习和终身学习的意识。提高学生思想水平、文化修养、观察能力、思维能力、表达技巧、写作水平等综合能力,为培养适合未来社会所需要的新人而努力奋斗!
1、认真学习新课程标准,更新教学理念,大胆进行“小组建制,务本课堂”的教学模式实验探索,实施“自主、合作、探究”的学习方法,确立学生在学习中的主体地位,引导学生进行自主学习、合作学习、探究学习和创造性学习。
2、重视阅读教学,扩大阅读视野,促进学生语文素养的进一步提高。除教材安排的必读内容以外,我班学生在20xx年订阅了大量的邮政刊物,加上学校图书室,配合少年宫大阅读活动,让学生坚持做手不释卷的“批注式”阅读者。
3、加强作文指导,提高写作能力。继续实施素质作文过程体系与研究的课题,培养学生的积累、写作和欣赏、评鉴能力,让每个学生都具有写作特长。
4、继续每月两次的语文实践活动,通过手抄报、书法日日练、诗歌朗诵、辩论赛、古文默写比赛等活动,培养学生在做中学、在生活中学的良好习惯。
本册教材按照《课程标准》编排,体现了新理念和新目标,致力于构建新的教材系统,确立学生在学习中的主体地位,促进学生综合素质的提高。
本册共有x篇课文,按主题合成x个单元,每个单元按照主题进行综合训练,努力吸引学生,提高学生的学习积极性。在综合实践中提高学生的语文素养——学习语文的积极性,培养实践能力、创新能力和探究能力。根据对课改精神的学习和对语文教学方向的把握,我初步拟定了如下教学目标:
德育目标:在语文教学过程中,进一步培养学生的爱国主义精神,激发学生热爱祖国语言文字的感情,培养学生社会主义的思想品质,努力开拓学生的视野,注重培养创新精神和创造能力,发展学生的智力,培养学生健康高深的审美情趣,提高学生的文化品位,发展健康个性,逐步形成健全人格。这是初中三年的最终目标,本学期要创造一个良好的开端,打下基础。
知识目标:了解课文中出现的有关重要作家作品的常识,了解描写方法和修辞方法和词类的有关知识,熟记课文中出现的生字生词的音形义。
掌握和运用知识能力的目标:在小学语文的基础上,指导学生正确理解和运用祖国语言文字,使他们具有基本的阅读听话说话的能力,养成学习语文的良好习惯。具体地说,就是能领会词句在语言环境中的含义和作用,理解思想内容和文章的思路,了解基本写法,具有一定的语言感受能力,初步掌握精读略读的方法,培养默读的习惯,提高阅读速度,能用普通话正确流利地朗读课文,背诵基本课文中的一些精彩片段,初步具有欣赏文学作品的能力,读文言文课文,要了解内容,背诵一些基本篇目,熟练使用常用字典词典,养成读书看报的习惯。
人文素质目标:初步学会在日常生活中能正确运用语言文字来进行交流表达,把课本中感受学习到的有关人的语文素质的东西灵活运用到生活中,从而提高自己的文化品位,例如待人接物的仪态,为人处事的心理,读书看报看电视的习惯等。
1、以深化语文教学改革为契机,继续实施“小组建制,务本课堂“实验探究,加大课堂教学改革力度,积极投身新课改,运用先进教学理念和多媒体手段进行教学,在减轻学生负担的同时,激发学生的学习兴趣,唤起问题意识,实施教学民主化,努力提高课堂教学质量。
2、从整体上把握教科书,弄清编辑者的意图及内在联系,从本校本班实际情况出发,对重点现代文篇目进行有选择的精讲,不求面面俱到,但求切实掌握知识点;对文言文则稳扎稳打,归类整理,在学生读背写基本功到位的基础上,掌握重点实词虚词的用法及意义,会翻译、会理解分析,有独到见解。
3、认真抓好听说读写训练,进行口语交际训练,结合教材中的名著欣赏,诵读欣赏、引导学生进行综合训练,尤其要注重培养语言交际能力和写作能力。
4、注重培养学生良好的学习习惯,掌握良好的学习方法,增强学习的后劲,为学生今后的发展打下基础,重视人文精神和科学精神的培养,确立语文教学的新理念。
5、搞好第二课堂活动,引导学生扩大阅读面,多读文学名著,多读健康有益的课外读物,提高文学修养,陶冶高尚情操,使学生获得社会所需要的终身受用的语文能力。
6、注重学科之间的联系和相互渗透,强化综合能力的培养,积极开发课堂学习资源和课外学习资源,沟通课堂内外,沟通平行学科,创造性地开展各种活动,努力提高语文素养,实现语文能力的可持续发展,实现终身受用,为中考和高考打下坚实的基础。
7、作文采用全批、抽批、面批,学生互批等方法,快捷、及时反馈给学生,及时指导、评价、交流,激发写作动力,同时结合每周两篇随笔指导、交流,用最贴近学生生活和学生最容易接受,最容易受感染的学生作品启发、激励学生写作,把作文教学落到实处。
8、指导学生读书和写好读书笔记,每周一节交流随笔和读书笔记课,形成丰富、生动的语文学习过程,避免死读课本和读死书现象。
9、做好开头的扭转工作,扭转以往不良的学习习惯。
10、教学过程中抓住学生的闪光点多表扬少批评,让学生树立信心和决心。
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇四
����
����è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºí¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼¼ï¿½é¡ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1������ñ§ï°ï¿½â¿î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½óµ¨½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ð¡ï¿½é½¨ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ñ±¾¿ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ä£ê½êµï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½
����2�������ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ä°ï¿½ï¿½åµä±ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ò°ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½20xx�궩���ë´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����3����ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4������ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����
��������ì²ä°ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä½ì²ï¿½ïµí³ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
�������Ṳ��xæªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï³ï¿½x����ôªï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¶ô¿î¸ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê£º
��������ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ñ£¬¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä¸ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ê£ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½æ·î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³é½ï¿½è«ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����öªê¶ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ä³ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ´ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£
�������õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµäºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ù¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½òªï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½êµä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½é¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
������������ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ñ¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½æ·î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï°ï¿½ßµè¡ï¿½
����
����1��������ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµê©ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½é½¨ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ñ±¾¿ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î¸ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶î½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½êµê©ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2���������ï°ï¿½ï¿½õ½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½é£¬åªï¿½ï¿½à¼ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó±ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ã£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ò£¬¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½á·ï¿½ë¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����3������ץ����ëµï¿½ï¿½ð´ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4��ע������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ñ§ï°ï¿½äºó¾¢£ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£
����5����ãµú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����6��ע��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¥ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½í¨æ½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµø¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½îªï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½í¸ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½êµï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����7�����ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½äµ½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����8��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ç£ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºí¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ç¿î£ï¿½ï¿½î³é·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î±ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����9�����ã¿ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½å¤×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¤×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����10����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºí¾ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇五
这学期我担任初二年级x、x班的语文教学工作,为了更好的开展工作,特制订如下计划:
在国家的教育方针政策的指引下,以全面推进素质教育为方向,以继承中华民族优秀文化传统、吸纳世界文化精华为宗旨,全面提高学生的听、说、读、写的能力;联系生活实际,把语文学习与生活实践有机地结合起来,开展创新学习、探究性学习,培养学生装的创新能力和钻研精神;同时,不断提高学生装的沟通能力,加强学生的竞争与合作意识,提高学生自学能力,以达到学生语文综合素质的全面提高。
认真学习新课程标准,更新教学理念,大胆进行教学改革,实施“自主、合作、探究”的学习方法,确立学生在学习中的主体地位,为学生自主学习、合作学习、探究学习、创造性学习,创造必要的条件,促进学生语文素养的进一步提高,为其他学科的学习打好坚实的基础。
由于学生入学时基础参差不齐,导致了学生的语文水平也出现了一定的差距,尤其是学生在阅读理解方面,还存在着明显的问题和一定的难度。个别基础很差的同学甚至在字词方面不过关,学生自主学习的能力不是很强,至于阅读教学中的课外迁移部分对绝大部分人来讲还是一个难题,我现在在教学中努力尝试去做的就是努力增加学生的课外知识含量,让孩子多接触文学作品,在讲课中拿出一定的时间来消化并对优秀文学作品和文学形象加以解读和赏析,最基本的想法就是先培养孩子的语感然后激发学生对文本学习的兴趣,至于我的这一设想和做法能否获得成功,这也是我在今后的教学工作中继续探讨的一个问题。
1、提高教学质量向课堂45分钟要成绩,不仅需要老师要认真备课,学生也要积极的配合。
2、组织好课堂教学:课堂是教学的主要场所,因此组织好课堂教学在整个的教学工作中起着至关重要的共用。首先要关注学生群体,充分调动学生的积极性,注意信息反馈,同时,想方设法创设教学情景,激发学生的兴趣和情感,使他们产生愉悦的心境,创造良好的课堂气氛,课堂语言尽量做到简洁明了,使用文明用语,课堂提问面向全体学生,不要忽略差生,要适当的设计简单的问题调动他们的兴趣和积极性,注意引发学生学习的兴趣,课堂上讲练结合,布置好家庭作业,作业少而精,减轻学生的负担。
3、走进学生,了解思想拨动,抓好学生的思想教育工作。玩是孩子的天性,对初二的学生来说,由于本身爱动、好玩,自控能力较差,因此常在学习上不能按时完成作业,有的学生抄袭作业,还有个别学习好的学生有时也会找借口不完成作业,对于这种种不好的学习习惯应该在初二的时候就给他们彻底改掉,因此这就需要抓好学生的思想教育工作,尤其是在学困生的转化上,对其努力做到从友善开始,从赞美着手,尽量避免用尖锐的语言伤害他们的自尊心。
4、由于自己参加工作的时间很短,授课时间不是很长,因此对整个教学工作的把握不是很到位,教学设计不是很和谐,在设计问题时考虑不周,有时会使整个教学显得很杂乱,我想最主要原因就是阅历尚浅,经验不足,还没有真正的适应这个环境,没有调整好自己的心态和位置,因此在本学期中我要充分的锻炼自己,积极参与教研组活动,虚心向其他老师学习,博采众长,提高教学水平,我想如果给我足够的时间我会做的更好。
5、认真学习新课标要求,勇于从事语文教学的新尝试。多向名师学习,学习他们上课的技巧,学习他们辅导竞赛的方法,同时学习作文教学中思维能力的训练方法。
6、继续学习报刊杂志的有关理论文章,继续学习《新课堂常规》《给教师的建议》、《成功教育》、《细节决定成败》等书籍,进一步提高自己素质和业务水平。
7、认真写好教学手记与案例,不断分析教学中存在的问题及时加以改正以便更好地进行教学。
1、培优重在拔尖,辅差重在提高。
2、课堂上有意识给他们制造机会,让优生吃得饱,让差生吃得好。
3、课外辅导,利用晚修,文体课的时间,组织学生加以辅导训练。
4、发挥优生的优势,指名让他带一名差生,介绍方法让差生懂得怎样学,激起他们的学习兴趣。
5、对于差生主要引导他们多学习,多重复,在熟练的基础上不断提高自己的语文能力,尤其是学习态度的转变和学习积极性的提高方面要花大力气。
6、优生要鼓励他们多做创新的事情,在阅读和写作方面多下功夫。
总之,在教育教学工作中,我会力争严格要求自己,做到为人师表,语言健康得体,举止文明礼貌,以身作则,努力工作,发扬优点,改正缺点,开拓前进,为我校的建设与发展奉献自己的力量!
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇六
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶x��x������ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�����ú¹ï¿½ï¿½òµä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ì³ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ø½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½×°ï¿½ä¹ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ïµ½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����
��������ñ§ï°ï¿½â¿î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½óµ¨½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¸ï£¬êµê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½êµï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²î²»ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ê·ï¿½ï¿½æ²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ðµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¨ï¿½æ²ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ó²¿·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ó¼¤·ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü·ï¿½ï¿½ã³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½öµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����
����1����߽�ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½45����òªï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ±¸ï¿½î£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò²òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
����2����ö¯ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½×¢ñ§ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·½ï¿½è·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¼òµ¥µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºã¼ï¿½í¥ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3���߽�ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë²¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ô³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï®ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½×¸äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òª×¥ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����4�������ô¼ï¿½ï¿½î¼ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ì£ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä²»ï¿½çºü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½õ²ï¿½ï¿½çºüµï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ²ï¿½ï¿½çºüºï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ôµãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªô�����������ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²»ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½öµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ñ§ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹»ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
����5������ñ§ï°ï¿½â¿î±ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â³ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿îµä¼ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����6������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½æ¡·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½é¡·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é°ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½
����7������ð´ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½ë°¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼°ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµø½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1���������ú°î¼â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����2������������ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµã±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµãºã¡ï¿½
����3�����⸨�����������þ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4���������������æ£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
����5�����ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ì¬ï¿½èµï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����6������òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë·¢õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇七
课程目标根据知识和能力、过程和方法、情感态度和价值观三个维度设计。各单元的“单元说明”中都依据这三个方面设计了单元教学目标。本册教材在培养学生的知识和技能并使他们掌握一定的方法方面设计的学习目标如下。
1.要注意把握叙事性作品中的人物和事件,对作品中感人肺腑的形象、惊心动魄的情景和各具特色的语言,有自己的心得和评价;还要努力提高默读的质量和速度。
2.熟读这些课文,要从中了解叙述、描写等表达方式,揣摩记叙文语言的特点。要注意课文怎样抓住特征来介绍事物,理清说明顺序,掌握常用的说明方法,体会说明文准确、周密的语言。
3.默读有一定的速度;能按照要求筛选信息。
4.要先借助注释和工具书读懂课文大意,然后在反复诵读中领会它们丰富的内涵和精荚的语言,并积累一些常用的文言词语。
5.要能借助注释和工具书,整体感知内容大意。在反复诵读中,了解借景抒情的写法,体会作品的语言特色。
6.作文方面做到三点:
(1)在学生原有写作的基础上继续提高、锻炼写作的基础能力。以提高学生的写作能力,达到基本写作要求。
(2)能层次分明地、有条理地写出自己所熟悉的人和事,在作文中写出有个性的东西,作文要创新,有鲜明的个性特征,完全与生活结合在一起,在实践中进行,写出自己的真情实感。
(3)重点训练记叙文的写作,认识和了解说明文和议论文这些文体的基本特征。
人教版《义务教育课程标准实验教科书.语文》七~九年级教材中,八年级上、下册属于一个阶段,这两册教材在编排上呈现出来的共同点是各单元仍以专题组元,但同时也兼顾文体。八年级下册四个现代文单元分别以人生、散文诗、人与自然和民俗风情为专题内容,其中以记叙类文章为主,第三单元与传统说明文单元相比,在语文与科学的链接上有突破性的进展,拓宽了语文学习和运用的领域,注重跨学科的学习和现代科技手段的运用。两个文言文单元课文的选编主要是从文章的难易程度以及课程目标这两个方面来考虑的。
第一单元是以人生为主题组元,且都出自大家、名家之手。《藤野先生》记录了鲁迅在日本留学的一段经历;《我的母亲》是胡适自传的一个章节,叙述了母亲对自己人生的深远影响;《我的第一本书》里诗人牛汉通过对一本书的追述,表明了读书对人生的意义;《列夫.托尔斯泰》为我们描绘出一幅大文豪托尔斯泰的“肖像画”,揭示出其深邃而卓越的精神世界;《再塑生命》向我们展示了一个盲哑女孩和她的老师的不懈追求的人生的一小部分。“综合性学习.写作.口语交际”也围绕着我们人生中最重要的人——母亲为主题设计。
第二单元主要由散文诗构成,这是学生接触的第一个散文诗单元。所选的课文都反映了作者的心灵之声,而且语言优美,含有哲理,内涵丰富,很适合诵读。此外,“写作.口语交际.综合性学习”——寻觅春天的踪迹,也是一个非常诗化,具有抒情性的活动。
第三单元是以人与自然为主题编写的,五篇课文都是科学文艺作品,以不同的题材,从不同角度,表达了人们对生存环境的忧患与思考。“综合性学习.写作.口语交际”是“科海泛舟”,这是一次跨学科的综合性学习活动,引导学生关注科学技术,在科技活动中练习写作与口语交际。
第四单元以民间文化为主题编写。五篇课文中,《云南的歌会》描绘了三个场合中唱歌的情景;《端午的鸭蛋》写的是在平淡的生活中发现情趣,发现诗意;《吆喝》写的是趣味良多的“生活交响曲”;《春酒》描绘了故乡的风土人情;《俗世奇人》写的是两位民间高人。此外,“综合性学习.写作.口语交际”也是围绕民风民俗为主题设计。
文言课文的编排方式是单独组元,每单元五篇,共有两个单元,文言文(含古代诗歌)教学应当做好以下两点:一是狠抓诵读教学,使学生读得正确,并逐步养成自觉诵读的习惯。文言单元的背诵量相当大,要求全文背诵的有《与朱元思书》、《五柳先生传》、《马说》、《送东阳马生序》、诗词曲五首、《小石潭记》、《岳阳楼记》、《醉翁亭记》。二是倡导探究式的学习,弃绝“填鸭”,着力培养学生自行领悟的能力。文言和现代语同源而异流,极浅近的文言文,即使文化水平很低的人听人读一遍也能听出个大概,何况是初中学生!再说,课本里的文言文内容和语言都比较浅显,不像古代经书那样深奥费解,再加上注释全用通俗的现代语,简洁明了,认真读几遍至少也能读懂大半,这就是探究的基础。更为重要的是,从学生一拿到新的课本就要大致翻阅一番这个事实还可以看出他们本来就存在着探究的愿望。因此,问题仅在于教师要善于因势利导,使这种探究式的学习收到最大的成效。
作文教学方面,新编语文教材中写作和口语交际,一方面与阅读结合在一起,另一方面整合于综合性学习中。这样,简化头绪,突出重点,又便于在实践活动中提高学生的写作水平,和口语能力。而且“综合性学习,写作,口语交际”与本单元的阅读都在内容上三是互相勾连的,它是本单元的有机组成部分,它所设计的活动主题都是与学生和生活全方位的结合起来,在学习语文的同时,发展自我个性,展示自我文采。这些训练,要求学生调查访问,获得资料,研究问题,能有效的提高学生合作意识和加强学生间的团结有一定的作用。“写作.口语交际.综合性学习”本身就是一次小型的综合性学习活动要求学生对学过的古诗词作一番梳理,激发学生学习优秀古诗词的兴趣。另外,”背起行囊走四方”的实践活动,主要是培养学生留心观察自然风光、名胜古迹及其楹联的兴趣和习惯,培养在观赏过程中勤于记录、乐于考证的意识。
八年级4班和5班现各有学生55和53人。大部分学生能够课前按要求自主预习,课堂认真听讲,课后复习作业,被动接受知识的意识也较弱,积极思维意识弱;能够透彻理解知识及知识间的内在联系还比较困难;合作、探究学习意识还比较薄弱。知识基础不扎实,口头表达与书面表达存在着诸多障碍,阅读赏析文本的能力较为欠缺,课外阅读量小,知识面狭窄。通过初二上学期的教学,从整体来看,本班学生好的习惯(课堂听讲,记笔记,发言提问)正在逐步养成,学习兴趣和学习态度也有了明显的转变,语文的综合能力也在原来的基础上有了较大的提高,但存在的问题也不容乐观:目前班级学生最大的特点是两极分化严重,而且“尾巴”较大,大部分学生学习自觉性不强,随着学生年龄的增长和知识难度的增加,加上现在根据课改的精神对教学目标进行的调整,本学科更加注重考察学生理解,运用能力,对学生掌握知识的深度和广度,思维能力和认识水平都提出了更高的要求,这对个别优秀的学生来说是如鱼得水,但对绝大多数学生来说,并非福音。我们的教学必须未雨绸缪,因此,我们在继续以前工作中行之有效的方法手段的同时,还应加强对课改的学习与研究。
1.通过努力力争达到学校规定的教学指标,使及格率、优秀率指标分别达到90%和30%以上。
2.努力提高自己的教学水准,勤奋上进,在教学中多研究多探索。多向同仁们学习,积累经验。
3.由于本人工作能力有限,在教学中可能有做不到位的地方,将积极向备课组和教研组的各位老师请教。
1.结合义务教育课程标准人教版教材,充分利用课堂引导学生自主、合作、探究的学习,独立思考,敢于创新,提高口头表达和书面表达能力;培养良好的学习习惯和独立阅读的能力;要求学生书写工畴,上课要用普通话。
2.要求学生在课前自主学习教材,利用工具书初步了解所学知识,提出质疑,或通过课外书籍、网络、咨询、请教等收集有关资料,或在生活和社会的大课堂中寻找与课文相关的信息,或按照老师布置的思考题,做好准备。让学生带着自己的感悟、认识、问题等走向课堂,促进课堂上的学习,更为学会收集、组织分析和学会运用知识,提供了锻炼机会,有利于培养良好的学习习惯和能力,激发学生课堂上“我要学”的欲望。
3.提倡大家大量阅读,每周至少有1-2篇读书笔记,在每堂课5分钟进行说话训练,以提高学生的语文综合素质,如:听、说、读、辩等。
4.根据这几年的中考题来看,要特别重视阅读教学,扩大阅读视野,扩大学生知识面。鼓励学生采用各种手段扩大阅读面,增强学生在一切场合学语文用语文的意识。(1)先预习、泛读,让学生在心中对文章主要内容有个大致的轮廓。(2)精读,对文章的局部,即对字、词、句、段进行深入的分析理解,达到对文章有更深层次的掌握,使心中的轮廓更透澈、鲜明。有了总体印象之后,还要抓住文章的具体内容、具体人物、情节、结构和具体的描绘,进行深入精读,达到从“点”的深化掌握,到“面”的深刻理解。(3)找重点的阅读来让学生去做(每周至少一篇)。
5.继续采用上学期的合作学习小组(4人,前后桌为主)。课堂上,尝试“提出问题-分析问题-解决问题”,要求学生对老师或学生提出的问题,自学后,小组合作解决,在这样的活动中,学生会各抒己见,大胆发言,大胆提出反对意见,学生在这样的活动中既当老师又当学生,学习就会是积极的。
6.加强作文指导,提高作文能力。训练题要创设情境,帖近学生生活,让学生有话说、想说话,要鼓励学生表达真情实感,创作激情作文;作文评改也要形式多样,坚持“多写少改详评”原则;如可让学生穿插改阅或自行改阅,对不同的学生进行面批,多写有激励性的评语。
7.将文言文作为硬件,除在课堂上精讲多背外,把文言文知识总结成试卷、课件,变换形式让学生熟稔于心中,为中考打下坚实的基础。
8.搞好单元过关的训练和测试。每单元结束后测验一次,通过语文成绩动向表对没过关的同学的课外辅导,力求人人过关。
9.认真备好课(制定一份备课计划方向表)。继续学习报刊杂志网络的有关理论文章,进一步提高自己素质和业务水平。继续学习计算机技术,上好多媒体课。继续摸索、实验,寻求更好的教学方法。(重点是阅读教学方面)
10.根据所分的组,布置作业时分两层:第一层所有同学能做的,第二层则为选做题。具体见各班分组计划。
序号课题课时周次
1藤野先生31
2我的母亲31
3再塑生命22
4列夫托尔斯泰12
5综合性学习33
6与朱元思书211
7五柳先生传211
8马说212
9送东阳马生112
10诗词曲五首312
11综合性学习313
12雪33
13雷电颂34
15海燕25
16组歌25
17综合性学习36
18敬畏自然26
19罗布泊,消失的仙湖26
20旅鼠之谜17
21大雁归来17
16喂,出来17
17综合性学习37
中期考试
30小石潭记314
31岳阳楼记315
32醉翁亭记315
33满井游记216
34诗五首316
35综合性学习317
18云南的歌会38
19端午的鸭蛋39
21春酒210
22俗世奇人110
23综合性学习310
36复习
期末考试
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇八
����
�����î³ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºí·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½èºí¼ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ñ§ï°ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½
����1.òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ë·î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡¢¾ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªå¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶è¡ï¿½
����2.�����ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½øµã¡£òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½
����3.ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½é¸ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½
����4.òªï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½íºí¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½â£¬è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£
����5.òªï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½íºí¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý´ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½è¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½
����6.���ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£º
������1����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ô��ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½
������2���ü²ï¿½î·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëºï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ð¡ï¿½
������3���øµï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�����ë½ì°æ¡¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ì±ï¿½×¼êµï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½é£®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï³ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ôªï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îª×¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ë´«í³ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ö¶îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¡ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½â³ñ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ä¸ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ó°ï¿½ì£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµäµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡·ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ë¹ì©ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ë¹ì©ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ð¤ï¿½ñ»¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¿ô½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ã¤ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä²ï¿½ð¸×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ò²î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½
�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½
����������ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ó²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ç¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿æ¼ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
�������äµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä¸ï¿½á¡·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½â£»ï¿½ï¿½ßºï¿½è¡ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½
�������ô¿ï¿½ï¿½äµä±ï¿½ï¿½å·ï¿½ê½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(���å´ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½)��ñ§ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ºò»ï¿½çºï¿½×¥ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ôªï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½àµ±ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªë¼ï¿½é¡·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡·¡ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ê¯ì¶ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¥ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¤ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ä»ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½üµíµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½!��ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ñ½â£¬ï¿½ù¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½×µï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½âµä¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½
�������ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½â±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ë±¾ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½à¹´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é²ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¶¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½í¼ï¿½ç¿ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½íµï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½î¶¯òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½å¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½
����
�������꼶4���5���ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½55��53�ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ó²¿·ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªç·è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ��í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½úµä½ï¿½ñ§,����������,����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½(��������,�ç±ê¼ï¿½,��������)����������,ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½,���äµï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ô���ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,�����úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½:ä¿ç°ï¿½à¼¶ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,���ò¡ï¿½î²ï¿½í¡ï¿½ï¿½ï´ï¿½,�󲿷�ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ç¿,����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ñ¶èµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,�������ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ý¿î¸äµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,��ñ§ï¿½æ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,��������,��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºí¹ï¿½ï¿½,ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½,��ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®,���ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ,���ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,���,�����ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶îµï¿½í¬ê±,��ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ô¿î¸äµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1.í¨ï¿½ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ñ§ð£ï¿½æ¶¨ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ö¸ï¿½ê£¬ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ïµ½90����30�����ï¡ï¿½
����2.å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ë®×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
����3.���ú±ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ£ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½äµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò±¸¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½
����
����1.�����������î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ë½ì°ï¿½ì²ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ßºí¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2.òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ì²ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ßºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3.�ᳫ��ò´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1��2æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ã¿ï¿½5���ó½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ç£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½
����4.�����⼸����ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½æ¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1����ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2�������������âµä¾ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¢ï¿½î½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ó£¬»ï¿½òª×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½á¹¹ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¾«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½ï¿½ã¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½3�����øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����5.����������ñ§ï¿½úµäºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ð¡ï¿½é£¨4�ë£ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡±ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»î¶¯ï¿½ð£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµ¨·ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»î¶¯ï¿½ð¼èµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½öµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����6.��ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²òªï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ù¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô�������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ð¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£
����7.����������îªó²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à±³ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»»ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½îªï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½êµï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����8.��ãµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í²ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½â¸¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½
����9.���汸�ã¿î£ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ý±ï¿½ï¿½î¼æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºã¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½é£¬ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£©
����10.�������öµï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ºï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
������å¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ü´ï¿½
����1��ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½31
����2�òµï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½31
����3��������22
����4�ð·ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ë¹ì©12
����5�ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°33
����6����ôªë¼ï¿½ï¿½211
����7����������211
����8��ëµ212
����9�í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½112
����10ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½312
����11�ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°313
����12ñ©33
����13�׵���34
����15����25
����16���25
����17�ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°36
����18��î·ï¿½ï¿½è»26
����19�þ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éºï¿½26
����20����ö®ï¿½ï¿½17
����21�������17
����16î¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½17
����17�ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°37
�������ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����30ð¡ê¯ì¶ï¿½ï¿½314
����31����â¥ï¿½ï¿½315
����32����í¤ï¿½ï¿½315
����33�����î¼ï¿½216
����34ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½316
����35�ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°317
����18���ïµä¸ï¿½ï¿½38
����19�����ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½39
����21����210
����22��������110
����23�ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°310
����36��ï°
������ä©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇九
人教版《义务教育课程标准实验教科书语文》七~九年级教材中,八年级上、下册属于一个阶段,这两册教材在编排上呈现出来的共同点是各单元仍以专题组元,但同时也兼顾文体。八年级下册四个现代文单元分别以人生、散文诗、人与自然和民俗风情为专题内容,其中以记叙类文章为主,第三单元与传统说明文单元相比,在语文与科学的链接上有突破性的进展,拓宽了语文学习和运用的领域,注重跨学科的学习和现代科技手段的运用。两个文言文单元课文的选编主要是从文章的难易程度以及课程目标这两个方面来考虑的。
第一单元是以人生为主题组元,“综合性学习写作口语交际”也围绕着我们人生中最重要的人——母亲为主题设计。
第二单元主要由散文诗构成,这是学生接触的第一个散文诗单元。此外,“写作口语交际综合性学习”——寻觅春天的踪迹,也是一个非常诗化,具有抒情性的活动。
第三单元是以人与自然为主题编写的,五篇课文都是科学文艺作品,“综合性学习写作口语交际”是“科海泛舟”,这是一次跨学科的综合性学习活动,引导学生关注科学技术,在科技活动中练习写作与口语交际。
第四单元以民间文化为主题编写。此外,“综合性学习写作口语交际”也是围绕民风民俗为主题设计。
文言课文的编排方式是单独组元,每单元五篇,共有两个单元,文言文(含古代诗歌)教学应当做好以下两点:
一、狠抓诵读教学,使学生读得正确,并逐步养成自觉诵读的习惯。
二、倡导探究式的学习,弃绝“填鸭”,着力培养学生自行领悟的能力。
此外,“写作口语交际综合性学习”是一次小型的综合性学习活动要求学生对学过的古诗词作一番梳理,激发学生学习优秀古诗词的兴趣。另外,“背起行囊走四方”的实践活动,主要是培养学生留心观察自然风光、名胜古迹及其楹联的兴趣和习惯,培养在观赏过程中勤于记录、乐于考证的意识。
课程目标根据知识和能力、过程和方法、情感态度和价值观三个维度设计。各单元的“单元说明”中都依据这三个方面设计了单元教学目标。本册教材在培养学生的知识和技能并使他们掌握一定的方法方面设计的学习目标如下。
要注意把握叙事性作品中的人物和事件,对作品中感人肺腑的形象、惊心动魄的情景和各具特色的语言,有自己的心得和评价;还要努力提高默读的质量和速度。
熟读这些课文,要从中了解叙述、描写等表达方式,揣摩记叙文语言的特点。
要注意课文怎样抓住特征来介绍事物,理清说明顺序,掌握常用的说明方法,体会说明文准确、周密的语言。
默读有一定的速度;能按照要求筛选信息。
要先借助注释和工具书读懂课文大意,然后在反复诵读中领会它们丰富的内涵和精荚的语言,并积累一些常用的文言词语。
要能借助注释和工具书,整体感知内容大意。在反复诵读中,了解借景抒情的写法,体会作品的语言特色。
通过初二上学期的教学,从整体来看,本班学生好的习惯(课堂听讲,记笔记,发言提问)正在逐步养成,学习兴趣和学习态度也有了明显的转变,语文的综合能力也在原来的基础上有了较大的提高,成绩也相对有了较大的提高,但存在的问题也不容乐观:目前班级学生最大的特点是两极分化严重,而且尾巴较大,大部分学生学习自觉性不强,加上现在根据课改的精神对教学目标进行的调整,本学科更加注重考察学生理解,运用能力,对学生掌握知识的深度和广度,思维能力和认识水平都提出了更高的要求,因此,我们在继续以前工作中行之有效的方法手段的同时,还应加强对课改的学习与研究。
1)从语文学科的特点和社会发展对语文的新要求出发,使学生在潜移默化的过程中,提高思想认识,陶冶道德情操,培养审美情趣,做到既教书又育人。
2)语文教学中,要加强综合,简化头绪,突出重点,注重知识之间,能力之间以及知识、能力、情意之间的联系,重视积累、感悟、熏陶和培养语感,致力于语文素养的整体提高。
3)重视学生思维能力的发展。在语文教学的过程中,指导学生运用比较、分析、归纳等方法,发展他们的观察、记忆、思考、联想和想象的能力,尤其要重视培养学生的创造性思维。
4)教学过程应突出学生的实践活动,指导学生主动地获取知识,科学地训练技能,全面提高语文能力。每堂课教师根据学生实际精心备课,尤其要备好学生,改变繁琐的教学方式,突出重点和难点。要提倡灵活多样的教学方式,尤其是启发式和讨论式。
5)重视创设语文学习的环境,沟通课本内外、课堂内外、学校内外的联系,拓宽学习渠道,增加学生语文实践的机会。
6)作文教学,贴近生活实际,富有生活气息,灵活命题,形式多样,多写随笔,读书笔记,尝试互批共批,以改促写,有效提高作文水平。同时,结合学校的语文课题研究,继续鼓励学生投稿,提高兴趣。
7)实行分层目标教学,根据教学内容对不同层次的学生进行分层教学。利用课外实行培优辅差,力争整体提高。
8)引导鼓励学生成立课外学习小组,培养合作精神,开展互助互帮,实行一帮一学习语文,帮助中下生提高学习兴趣和成绩。
9)优化作业管理,培养学生自主学习,自我管理,加强课代表,小组长的模范带头作用和监督作用,力争做到每课过关,单元过关。
10)作业的布置和批改要有所区别,要因人而异。充分照顾到不同学生的特点。
11)利用竞赛,学科活动法等多种多样的教学形式,开展丰富多彩的读书报告会,故事会,朗诵会,演讲会,办手抄文学报,锻炼能力,提高兴趣。
12)课前二分钟演讲,包括自我介绍,新闻消息,小故事,成语解说等,锻炼表达能力。
13)教学过程中抓住学生的闪光点多表扬少批评,让学生树立起学习语文的信心。
第一周、语文学习习惯养成教育(2)、1、《藤野先生》(2)
第二周、2、《我的母亲》(2)、3、《我的第一本书》(2)、4、《列夫托尔斯泰》(2)
第三周、5、《再塑生命》(1)、综合性活动写作口语交际:献给母亲的歌(4)
第四周、6、《雪》(2)、7、《雷电颂》(2)、8、《短文两篇》(2)
第五周、9、《海燕》(2)、10、《组歌》(2)、写作口语交际综合性学习:寻觅春天的踪迹(2)
第六周、21、《与朱元思书》(2)、22、《五柳先生传》(2)、23、《马说》(2)
第七周、24、《送东阳马生序》(3)、25、《诗词曲五首》(2)、综合性学习写作口语交际:古诗苑漫步(1)
第八周、综合性学习写作口语交际:古诗苑漫步(2)、11、《敬畏自然》(2)、期中复习(2)
第九周、期中考试、试卷分析、期中总结
第十周、12、《罗布泊,消逝的仙湖》(2)、13、《旅鼠之谜》(1)、14、《大雁归来》(1)、15、《喂——出来》(2)
第十一周、综合性学习写作口语交际:科海泛舟(4)、16、《云南的歌会》(2)
第十二周、17、《端午的鸭蛋》(2)、18、《吆喝》(2)、19、《春酒》(1)、20、《俗世奇人》(1)
第十三周、写作口语交际综合性学习:到民间采风去(6)
第十四周、26、《小石潭记》(2)、27、《岳阳楼记》(4)
第十五周、28、《醉翁亭记》(3)、29、《满井游记》(2)、30、诗五首(1)
第十六周、30、诗五首(3)、期末复习(3)
第十七周、期末复习(6)
第十八周、期末复习(6)
第十九周、期末复习、期末考试(6)
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇十
����
�����ë½ì°æ¡¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ì±ï¿½×¼êµï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï³ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ôªï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îª×¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ë´«í³ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ö¶îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¡ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ò²î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½
�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½
����������ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿æ¼ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
�������äµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½
�������ô¿ï¿½ï¿½äµä±ï¿½ï¿½å·ï¿½ê½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½ê«ï¿½è£©ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£º
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
������������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������⣬��ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½íµï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½î¶¯òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½å¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½
����
�����î³ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºí·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½èºí¼ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ñ§ï°ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½
����òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ë·î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡¢¾ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªå¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶è¡ï¿½
���������ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½øµã¡£
����òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½
����ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½é¸ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½
����òªï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½íºí¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½â£¬è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£
����òªï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½íºí¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý´ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½è¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½
����
����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½úµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ê¼ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½×ªï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ô���ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¹û£ï¿½ä¿ç°ï¿½à¼¶ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï´ó£¬´ó²¿·ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ý¿î¸äµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºí¹ï¿½è£ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶îµï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ô¿î¸äµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1��������ñ§ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á·¢õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
����2�����ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ûºï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬×¢ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ö®ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó»ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¬ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����3������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±è½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµè·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¹û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¢ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½
����4����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦í»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø»ï¿½è¡öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ã¿î½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä·±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã¡£òªï¿½á³«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½
����5�����ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½á¡£
����6�����ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ä´ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
����7��êµï¿½ð·ö²ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¶ô²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ö²ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¸ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����8����������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ð¡ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬êµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½í³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����9���å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½é³¤ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºí¼à¶½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½î¹ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½
����10����òµï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ì¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã¡£
����11�����ã¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ï¿½êµä¶ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â»á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»á£¬ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
����12����ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����13����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2����1������ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2��
�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½2�����òµï¿½ä¸ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2����3�����òµäµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡·ï¿½ï¿½2����4�����ð·ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ë¹ì©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2��
���������ü¡ï¿½5����������������1�����ûºï¿½ï¿½ô»î¶¯ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½×¸ï¿½ä¸ï¿½×µä¸è£¨4��
���������ü¡ï¿½6����ñ©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2����7�����׵��ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2����8����������æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2��
���������ü¡ï¿½9�������ࡷ��2����10������衷��2����ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2��
���������ü¡ï¿½21��������ôªë¼ï¿½é¡·ï¿½ï¿½2����22������������������2����23������ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2��
���������ü¡ï¿½24�����í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡·£ï¿½3����25����ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2�����ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ô·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1��
�����ú°ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ô·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2����11������î·ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2�������ð¸ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½2��
�����ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½
������ê®ï¿½ü¡ï¿½12�����þ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½éºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2����13��������ö®ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1����14���������������1����15����î¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2��
������ê®ò»ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½4����16�������ïµä¸ï¿½á¡·ï¿½ï¿½2��
������ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½17���������ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2����18����ߺ�è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2����19�������æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1����20�����������ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1��
������ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½6��
������ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½26����ð¡ê¯ì¶ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2����27��������â¥ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½4��
������ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½28��������í¤ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3����29���������î¼ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2����30��ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½1��
������ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½30��ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½3������ä©ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½3��
������ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä©ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½6��
������ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä©ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½6��
������ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä©ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½6��
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇十一
北师大版《义务教育课程标准实验教科书*语文》七~九年级教材中,八年级上、下册属于一个阶段,这两册教材在编排上呈现出来的共同点是各单元仍以专题组元,但同时也兼顾文体。八年级下册六个单元分别以为专题内容,其中以记叙类文章为主,第三单元与传统说明文单元相比,在语文与科学的链接上有突破性的进展,拓宽了语文学习和运用的领域,注重跨学科的学习和现代科技手段的运用。两个文言文单元课文的选编主要是从文章的难易程度以及课程目标这两个方面来考虑的。
1、课程目标根据知识和能力、过程和方法、情感态度和价值观三个维度设计。各单元的“单元说明”中都依据这三个方面设计了单元教学目标。本册教材在培养学生的知识和技能并使他们掌握一定的方法方面设计的学习目标如下。
2、 要注意把握叙事性作品中的人物和事件,对作品中感人肺腑的形象、惊心动魄的情景和各具特色的语言,有自己的心得和评价;还要努力提高默读的质量和速度。
3、 熟读这些课文,要从中了解叙述、描写等表达方式,揣摩记叙文语言的特点。要注意课文怎样抓住特征来介绍事物,理清说明顺序,掌握常用的说明方法,体会说明文准确、周密的语言。默读有一定的速度;能按照要求筛选信息。
4、要先借助注释和工具书读懂课文大意,然后在反复诵读中领会它们丰富的内涵和精荚的语言,并积累一些常用的文言词语。要能借助注释和工具书,整体感知内容大意。在反复诵读中,了解借景抒情的写法,体会作品的语言特色。
1).从语文学科的特点和社会发展对语文的新要求出发,使学生在潜移默化的过程中,提高思想认识,陶冶道德情操,培养审美情趣,做到既教书又育人。
2).语文教学中,要加强综合,简化头绪,突出重点,注重知识之间,能力之间以及知识、能力、情意之间的联系,重视积累、感悟、熏陶和培养语感,致力于语文素养的整体提高。
3). 重视学生思维能力的发展。在语文教学的过程中,指导学生运用比较、分析、归纳等方法,发展他们的观察、记忆、思考、联想和想象的能力,尤其要重视培养学生的创造性思维。
4).教学过程应突出学生的实践活动,指导学生主动地获取知识,科学地训练技能,全面提高语文能力。每堂课教师根据学生实际精心备课,尤其要备好学生,改变繁琐的教学方式,突出重点和难点.要提倡灵活多样的教学方式,尤其是启发式和讨论式,鼓励运用探究性的学习方式.要避免繁琐的分析和琐碎机械的练习。
5).重视创设语文学习的环境,沟通课本内外、课堂内外、学校内外的联系,拓宽学习渠道,增加学生语文实践的机会。
6)作文教学,贴近生活实际,富有生活气息,灵活命题,形式多样,多写随笔,读书笔记,尝试互批共批,以改促写,有效提高作文水平。
7).实行分层目标教学,根据教学内容对不同层次的学生进行分层教学.利用课外实行培优辅差,力争整体提高。
8).引导鼓励学生成立课外学习小组,培养合作精神,开展互助互帮,实行一帮一学习语文,帮助中下生提高学习兴趣和成绩。
9).优化作业管理,培养学生自主学习,自我管理,加强课代表,小组长的模范带头作用和监督作用,力争做到每课过关,单元过关。
10).作业的布置和批改要有所区别,要因人而异.充分照顾到不同学生的特点。
11).利用竞赛,学科活动法等多种多样的教学形式,开展丰富多彩的读书报告会,故事会, 朗诵会,演讲会,办手抄文学报,锻炼能力,提高兴趣。
12).课前五分钟演讲,包括自我介绍,新闻消息,小故事,成语解说等,锻炼表达能力。
13).组织3-4次辩论,培养思维及口头表达和语文知识的运用 。
14).组织采访和调查至少一次。
15).要求写一篇小论文。
16).做好开头的扭转工作,扭转以往不良的学习习惯。
17).教学过程中抓住学生的闪光点多表扬少批评,让学生树立起学习语文的信心。
18).开展网络辅助教学.对家庭有条件的同学鼓励和指导他们利用语文教育网多学习一些课外阅读,优秀作文和作文技巧等。
培养辅差计划指导思想:提高优生的自主和自觉学习能力,进一步巩固并提高中等生的学习成绩,帮助差生取得适当进步,让差生在教师的辅导和优生的帮助下,逐步提高学习成绩,并培养较好的学习习惯,形成语文基本能力。培化计划要落到实处,发掘并培养一批语文尖子,挖掘他们的潜能,从培养语文能力入手,训练良好学习习惯,从而形成较扎实基础和较强阅读、写作能力,并能协助老师进行辅差活动,提高整个班级的语文素养和语文成绩。
辅差对象:
定目标:在这个学期的培优辅差活动中,培优对象能按照计划提高读。说、写的综合语文能力,成绩稳定在80分左右,并协助老师实施辅差工作, 帮助差生取得进步。辅差对象能按照老师的要求做好,成绩有一定的提高。特别是语文考试这一基本的能力。阅读和写作)。
定内容:培优主要是继续提高学生的阅读能力和写作能力。介绍或推荐适量课外阅读,让优生扩大阅读面,摄取更多课外知识,尤其是散文化倾向方面,多给他们一定的指导,以期在写作中能灵活运用,提高写作层次,同时安排一定难度的练习任务要求他们完成,全面提高语文能力。辅差的内容是教会学生敢于做题,会做题,安排比较基础的内容让他们掌握,作文至少能写得出。逐步提高差生的写作水平,可先布置他们摘抄。 仿写,后独立完成,保证每个差生有话可说,有文可写。训练差生的口头表达能力,堂上创造情境,让差生尝试说、敢于说、进而争取善于说。
1.课外辅导,利用晚修、文体课时间,组织学生加以辅导训练。
2.采用一优生带一差生的一帮一行动。
3.请优生介绍学习经验,差生加以学习。
4.课堂上创造机会,用优生学习思维、方法来影响差生。
5.对差生实施多做多练措施。优生适当增加题目难度,并安排课外作品阅读,不断提高做题和写作能 力。
6.采用激励机制,对差生的每一点进步都给予肯定,并鼓励其继续进取,在优生中树立榜样,给机会表现,调动他们的学习积极性和成功感。
7.充分了解差生现行学习方法,给予正确引导,朝正确方向发展,保证差生改善目前学习差的状况,提高学习成绩。
8.顾及中等成绩学生,保持其成绩稳定和提高。
9.必要时与家长联系,协助解决差生的学习问题。
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇十二
����
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½æ¡¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ì±ï¿½×¼êµï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½*���ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï³ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îª×¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ë´«í³ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ö¶îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¡ï¿½
����
����1���î³ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºí·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½èºí¼ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ü²ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ñ§ï°ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½
����2�� òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ë·î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡¢¾ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªå¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶è¡ï¿½
����3�� �����ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½øµã¡£òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½é¸ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½
����4��òªï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½íºí¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½â£¬è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£òªï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½íºí¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý´ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½è¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1).������ñ§ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á·¢õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
����2).���ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ûºï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬×¢ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ö®ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó»ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¬ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����3). ����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±è½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµè·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¹û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¢ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½
����4).��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦í»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø»ï¿½è¡öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ã¿î½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä·±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½.òªï¿½á³«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê½.òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½
����5).���ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½á¡£
����6)���ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ä´ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½
����7).êµï¿½ð·ö²ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¶ô²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ö²ï¿½ï¿½ñ§.���ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¸ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����8).��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ð¡ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬êµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½í³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����9).�å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½é³¤ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºí¼à¶½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½î¹ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½
����10).��òµï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.����õ¹ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã¡£
����11).���ã¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ï¿½êµä¶ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â»á£¬ ���ð»á£¬ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
����12).��ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����13).��ö¯3-4�î±ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��
����14).��ö¯ï¿½é·ãºíµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î¡ï¿½
����15).òªï¿½ï¿½ð´ò»æªð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����16).���ã¿ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½å¤×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¤×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����17).��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����18).��õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§.�ô¼ï¿½í¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½éµè¡ï¿½
������������æ»ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à»¯ï¿½æ»ï¿½òªï¿½äµ½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ç±ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½î³é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������
������ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½õ¼æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½80�����ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð����ê¦êµê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¹¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��������è¡ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü»ï¿½ï¿½æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶èµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ì»ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å±è½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½
����
����1�����⸨�����������þ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3������������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½
����4�������ï´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����5���ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ñ¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ����
����6�����ã¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºí³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
����7������ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ç°ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����8���ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ðµè³é¼ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����9����òªê±ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ð�����������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇十三
本单元以民间的文化为主题,几位文化的名人通过对故人故事的回忆,对生活和艺术的思考,为我们开启了琳琅满目、异彩纷呈的民间文化宝库的大门。本单元几篇文章的共同点是文中所写离我们似远犹近,教学时应调动学生的知识储备,适量拓展课程资源,较透彻地理解文中的文化情趣,充分激发其学习的主动性。同时,几篇课文又都是作者行文风格的杰出代表,学习时应以语言的感悟和积累为核心,深入领会作者的思想感情,力求让学生体会到与生活脉动共振、与作者情感共鸣的学习愉悦。
1、 理解作品的思想内容,了解祖国生动丰富、趣味盎然的民间文化。
2、 加强朗读教学,揣摩品味文章中重要的语句,领会作者寄寓其中的思想感情。
3、 掌握刻画人物的方法,体会多种表达方式综合运用的艺术效果。
1、 朗读品味,领会文章的情致,感受作品的意蕴,培养语感。
2、 自主、合作、探究性阅读,理解作品的思想内容。
3、 延伸阅读,比较各地的民风民俗,深化对作品的理解。
4、 培养热爱祖国博大精深的传统文化的感情。
首先,要从文章出发,以语言为教学立足点。在教学中,应该为学生示范并引导学
生揣摩品味文中重要的词语句子,要注意语言的感悟和积累,还要加强朗读教学,使学生深入领会文中的思想情感。
其次,教学范围可以适当扩展。由于本单元课文内容学生普遍感到较为陌生,教师可以借助音像资料,适当增加学生的知识储备与体验,但不能喧宾夺主把语文课上成“民风民俗”的知识介绍课。
第三,本单元教学还应该充分体现新课程标准“注意开发利用课程资源”的精神。教师应注意利用当地民风民俗,引导学生从教室走向社会,从课内走向课外,使语文教学更加鲜活,更加有趣。
本单元的综合性学习,以“家乡风情”为主题,设计各种活动方式,全面培养学生的能力。活动应该有计划,有评价。计划应详尽,形式应多样,评价既重结果更重过程、态。度,力求使学生在活动中巩固所学知识,同时增加社会经验,培养多种能力。
《云南的歌会》2课时 《端午的鸭蛋》2 课时 《吆喝》2课时
《春酒》1 课时 《世俗奇人》1课时
《写作与口语交际》2课时 检测2课时 总计12课时
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇十四
����
��������ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½âµä»ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê·×³êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµä¹ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ê±ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ä½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ê±ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
����
����1�� ������æ·ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ï¿½è¤î¶ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�� ��ç¿ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¦æ·î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¼ï¿½ô¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
����3�� ���õ¿ì»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ê½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1�� �ê¶ï¿½æ·î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
����2�� ������������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½
����3�� �����ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½ï¿½î»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����4�� �����è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½í³ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½é¡£
����
�������è£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡£ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§
��������ä¦æ·î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
������î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ±ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï³é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¿î¡ï¿½
��������������ôªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½â¿ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡£½ï¿½ê¦ó¦×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ó¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê»î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
��������ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡±îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½æ¸ï¿½ï¿½ö»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¼æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ê¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¼ï¿½ï¿½ø½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»î¶¯ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¾ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
���������ïµä¸ï¿½á¡·2ï¿½ï¿½ê± ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2 ï¿½ï¿½ê± ï¿½ï¿½ßºï¿½è¡ï¿½2��ê±
���������æ¡ï¿½1 ï¿½ï¿½ê± ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½1��ê±
������ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê¡ï¿½2ï¿½ï¿½ê± ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2ï¿½ï¿½ê± ï¿½ü¼ï¿½12��ê±
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇十五
人教版《义务教育课程标准实验教科书语文》八年级下册四个现代文单元分别以人生、散文诗、人与自然和民俗风情为专题内容,其中以记叙类文章为主,第三单元与传统说明文单元相比,在语文与科学的链接上有突破性的进展,拓宽了语文学习和运用的领域,注重跨学科的学习和现代科技手段的运用。两个文言文单元课文的选编主要是从文章的难易程度以及课程目标这两个方面来考虑的。
第一单元是以人生为主题组元,且都出自大家、名家之手。《藤野先生》记录了鲁迅在曰本留学的一段经历;《我的母亲》是胡适自传的一个章节,叙述了母亲对自己人生的深远影响;《我的第一本书》里诗人牛汉通过对一本书的追述,表明了读书对人生的意义;《列夫托尔斯泰》为我们描绘出一幅大文豪托尔斯泰的“肖像画”,揭示出其深邃而卓越的精神世界;《再塑生命》向我们展示了一个盲哑女孩和她的老师的不懈追求的人生的一小部分。“综合性学习写作口语交际”也围绕着我们人生中最重要的人——母亲为主题设计。
第二单元主要由散文诗构成,这是学生接触的第一个散文诗单元。所选的课文都反映了作者的心灵之声,而且语言优美,含有哲理,内涵丰富,很适合诵读。此外,“写作口语交际综合性学习”——寻觅春天的踪迹,也是一个非常诗化,具有抒情性的活动。
第三单元是以人与自然为主题编写的,五篇课文都是科学文艺作品,以不同的题材,从不同角度,表达了人们对生存环境的忧患与思考。“综合性学习写作口语交际”是“科海泛舟”,这是一次跨学科的综合性学习活动,引导学生关注科学技术,在科技活动中练习写作与口语交际。
第四单元以民间文化为主题编写。五篇课文中,《云南的歌会》描绘了三个场合中唱歌的情景;《端午的鸭蛋》写的是在平淡的生活中发现情趣,发现诗意;《吆喝》写的是趣味良多的“生活交响曲”;《春酒》描绘了故乡的风土人情;《俗世奇人》写的是两位民间高人。此外,“综合性学习写作口语交际”也是围绕民风民俗为主题设计。
文言文课文的编排方式是单独组元,每单元五篇,共有两个单元,文言文(含古代诗歌)教学应当做好以下两点: 一、狠抓诵读教学,使学生读得正确,并逐步养成自觉诵读的习惯。 文言单元的背诵量相当大,要求全文背诵的有《与朱元思书》、《五柳先生传》、《马说》、《送东阳马生序》、诗词曲五首、《小石潭记》、《岳阳楼记》、《醉翁亭记》。 二、倡导探究式的学习,弃绝“填鸭”,着力培养学生自行领悟的能力。文言和现代语同源而异流,极浅近的文言文,即使文化水平很低的人听人读一遍也能听出个大概,何况是初中学生!再说,课本里的文言文内容和语言都比较浅显,不像古代经书那样深奥费解,再加上注释全用通俗的现代语,简洁明了,此外,“写作口语交际综合性学习”是一次小型的综合性学习活动要求学生对学过的古诗词作一番梳理,激发学生学习优秀古诗词的兴趣。另外,“背起行囊走四方”的实践活动,主要是培养学生留心观察自然风光、名胜古迹及其楹联的兴趣和习惯,培养在观赏过程中勤于记录、乐于考证的意识。
20xx级1班现有学生56人,上期班平均成绩79分,学生语文基础知识较差,一个全新的班级,经过上一学期的调整,尖子生都阅读分析能力较弱,学习自觉性、积极性不高。两极分化严重。
初中语文教学应立足于学生的发展,为他们的终身学习、生活和工作奠定基础。初中语文教学应培养学生热爱祖国语言文字和中华优秀文化的思想感情,指导学生正确地理解和运用祖国语言,丰富语言的积累,使他们具有初步的听说读写能力,并养成良好的语文学习习惯。在教学过程中,使学生受到爱国主义教育、社会主义思想品德教育和科学思想方法的启蒙教育,培育学生的创造力,培养爱美的情趣,发展健康的个性,养成良好的意志品格。
1、 在语言文字训练过程中,学生受到热爱祖国、热爱社会主义的教育;了解革命战争的艰苦,懂得幸福生活来之不易,学习革命前辈的远大志向和献身精神,从小树立为祖国刻苦学习的思想;继承和发扬艰苦奋斗的优良传统,受到尊敬师长、关爱他人、助人为乐等社会主义思想、品德教育;培养热爱科学、勇于实践和创新的精神,培养环境保护意识和社会责任感,陶冶爱美的情趣。
2、 能利用汉语音识字、学习普通话。
3、 学会课本中的读读写写生字,能读准字音,认清字形,了解字词在语言环境中的意思,能正确书写。
4、 能联系上下文或查字理解词句的意思。学过的词语大部分能在口头或书面表达中运用。注意语言的积累,养成积累语言的习惯。
5、 继续练习正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文。读出不同的语气。能背诵指定的课文(特别是文言文)。6、 在教师的指导下,能初步把握课文内容。默读有一定速度,读后能提出问题,发表自己的感受,并就共同感兴趣的问题和别人讨论。
7、 能借助字典或有关资料独立阅读程度适合的读物,了解主要内容。逐步养成课前预习、课后复习、课外阅读的习惯。
8、 认真倾听别人说话,了解主要内容。能用普通话清楚明白地讲述一件事情,做到语句完整通顺,说话有礼貌。要在双向互动的语言实践中,培养学生的口语交际能力。鼓励学生无拘无束地进行交流,在曰常生活中积极主动地锻炼口语交际能力。
9、 留心周围事物,初步养成勤于观察思考和乐于动笔的习惯,
能在观察的基础上写出比较具体的内容。鼓励学生写想象中的事物,激发他们展开想象和幻想。能不拘形式、自由地把自己的见闻和想象写出来,内容具体,感情真实,语句完整通顺。学会使用逗号、句号、问号、感叹号、冒号和引号。坚持写曰记。
精读课文是教材的主体,是全书的重点。
1、 要突出重点项目的训练。
2、 要继续重视词、句、段的训练。
3、 要重视朗读的指导和训练。
4、 要充分发挥学生的积极性和主动性。
5、积累、运用是语文基本功的综合训练,包括读读背背、阅读、口语交际或实践活动、习作共四项。
为了提高学生的素质,提高教学质量,将在教学中采用以下四步教学法:
1、明确目标,自主研讨——初读。明确目标,对阅读教学非常重要,因为只有目标明确,学生才能有攀登高峰的激情,初读才能定向思维,这样,才能收到事半功倍的成果。因此,我要根据课文的特色和学生的实际设计不同的层次目标。
2、激趣导疑,合作探讨——促思。不明确目标,自主研读的基础上,教者要进一步创设与目标指向相关的良好氛围,激发兴趣,设置悬念,唤起情感,集中反馈。阅读方式将【您现在访问的是八年级语文教学计划,请勿转载或建立镜像】采用小组合作研读,师生交流研读,或互助竞争研读。方法是:读一读,问一问,议一议,品一品,写一写。引导学生求异求新,主动发展。
3、巧设促想,自能解题——深化。自能解题目的过程,就是发展思维,学会创新的过程。因此,这一环节的要求是:教者要善于梳理学生提出的疑问,捕捉“焦点”巧问促思,激发矛盾引起冲突,迸出思维的火花,调动感情参与,达到自能解题的目的。
4、点评深化,模拟拓展——创新。点评要以学生完成学习目标的深度和创新思维的广度入手,指导学生运用学到的知识,联系生活实际,借助联想、想象进行多向思维,拓展延伸,模拟仿用,迁移创新,从而开发潜能,学会创新。
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇十六
����
�����ë½ì°æ¡¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ì±ï¿½×¼êµï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ôªï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îª×¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ë´«í³ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ö¶îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¡ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½â³ñ¸ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ä¸ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ó°ï¿½ì£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµäµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡·ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ë¹ì©ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ë¹ì©ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ð¤ï¿½ñ»¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¿ô½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ã¤ï¿½ï¿½å®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä²ï¿½ð¸×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ò²î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½
�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½
����������ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ó²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ç¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿æ¼ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
�������äµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä¸ï¿½á¡·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½â£»ï¿½ï¿½ßºï¿½è¡ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½
���������ä¿ï¿½ï¿½äµä±ï¿½ï¿½å·ï¿½ê½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½(���å´ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½)��ñ§ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£º ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ ���ôµï¿½ôªï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½àµ±ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªë¼ï¿½é¡·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡·¡ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ê¯ì¶ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¥ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¤ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��������ì½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ä»ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½üµíµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½!��ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ñ½â£¬ï¿½ù¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½×µï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½íµï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½î¶¯òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½å¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½
��
����20xx��1������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½56�ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú°ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¼ï¿½79�ö£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï²î£¬ò»ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½âµä°à¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ñ§ï¿½úµäµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½
��
�����������ä½ï¿½ñ§ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¶¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öºï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä»ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ñ§ë¼ï¿½ë·½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¾æ·ï¿½ï¿½
��
����1�� ����������ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë£»ï¿½ì³ðºí·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë¡¢æ·ï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½âµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¸ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
����2�� �����ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3�� ñ§ï¿½ï¿½î±ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½
����4�� ����ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²¿·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä»ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����5�� ������ï°ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½6�� �ú½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ü³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½
����7�� �ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ì¶ï¿½ï¿½êºïµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¿ï¿½ç°ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����8�� ������������ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µø½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ë³ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã²ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ë«ï¿½ò»¥¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����9�� ������î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹û²ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½
�������ú¹û²ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ë¡£ï¿½ü²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµø°ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½åºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¾ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ë³ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½êºå¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¾ï¿½å¡ï¿½ã°ï¿½åºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ô»ï¿½ç¡ï¿½
����
�������������ç½ì²äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã¡£
����1�� òªí»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�� òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó´ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¢ï¿½îµï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3�� òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4�� òªï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½
����5�����û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê»ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£
��
����îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1����è·ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªö»ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµç¸ß·ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½â°ë¹¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¿ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê¡£
����2����è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ø»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡¿²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½é£¬æ·ò»æ·ï¿½ï¿½ð´ò»ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½
����3��������룬���ü½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½õ¹ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½á´´ï¿½âµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê´ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å³ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ä»ð»¨£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����4���������ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºí´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ç¨ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ü£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½á´´ï¿½â¡ï¿½
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇十七
从上学期期末检测情况来看,跟其它平行班级相比较,学生有一定的进步。但学生仍然存在成绩悬殊的情况,优秀率不高,差生较多,及格率70%左右,平均分90多分。
思想表现方面,大部分学生的学习积极性一般,处于朦胧状态,有相当一部分学生的预习习惯尚未形成,上课学生合作能力差,发言不够活跃。
学习心理方面,125、126各班,有部分学生学习目标明确,认真勤奋,他们的学习情绪比较稳定,有的尽管基础较差,也能坚持不懈,能有秩序地安排自己的学习,能够及时与教师沟通交流,调整自己的学习方法;有大半的学生属于鞭策进步型,学习自觉性和稳定性不足,上课精神不振,回家很少复习功课,需要老师的督促才会有所作为。
八年级下册四个现代文单元、两个文言文单元,课文的选编主要是从文章的难易程度,以及课程目标这两个方面来考虑的。
第一单元,是以人生为主题组织单元,且均出自大家名家之手。第二单元,主要由散文诗构成,这是学生接触的第一个散文诗单元。第三单元,是以人与自然为主题编写的,五篇课文都是科学文艺作品,以不同题材、不同角度,表达了人们对生存环境的忧患与思考。第四单元,以民间文化为主题编写。第五单元、第六单元,都是文言文单元,每单元五篇。教学时我会尽力做好以下两点:(一)狠抓诵读教学,使学生读得正确,并逐步养成自觉诵读的习惯。文言单元的背诵量相当大,要求全文背诵。(二)倡导探究式的学习,着力培养学生自主领悟的能力。
课程目标根据知识和能力、过程和方法、情感态度和价值观三个维度设计。各单元的“单元说明”中都依据这三个方面设计了单元教学目标。本学期教学的设计学习目标如下:
1、要注意把握叙事性作品中的人物和事件,对作品中感人肺腑的形象、惊心动魄的情景和各具特色的语言,有自己的心得和评价;还要努力提高默读的质量和速度。
2、熟读这些课文,要从中了解叙述、描写等表达方式,揣摩记叙文语言的特点。要注意课文怎样抓住特征来介绍事物,理清说明顺序,掌握常用的说明方法,体会说明文准确、周密的语言。
3、默读有一定的速度;能按照要求筛选信息。
4、要先借助注释和工具书读懂课文大意,然后在反复诵读中领会它们丰富的内涵和精练的语言,并积累一些常用的文言词语。
1、根据语文学科的特点,以及社会发展对语文的新要求,使学生在潜移默化的过程中,提高思想认识,陶冶道德情操,培养审美情趣,做到既教书又育人。
2、在语文教学中,要加强综合,简化头绪,突出重点,注重知识之间,能力之间以及知识、能力、情意之间的联系,重视积累、感悟、熏陶和培养语感,致力于语文素养的整体提高。
3、重视学生思维能力的发展。在语文教学的过程中,指导学生运用比较、分析、归纳等方法,发展他们的观察、记忆、思考、联想和想象的能力,尤其要重视培养学生的创造性思维。
4、教学过程应突出学生的实践活动,指导学生主动地获取知识,科学地训练技能,全面提高语文能力。每堂课教师根据学生实际精心备课,尤其要备好学生,改变繁琐的教学方式,突出重点和难点。
6、引导鼓励学生积极背诵文章,曾经有一位云师大附属实验中学的老师讲过:“语文,在一定程度上还是需要‘死背’,只有‘死去’,才能‘活来’。”经过上学期与125、126两个班学生的接触,我自己认为,背诵依旧是非常重要的语文学习环节。培养学生自主学习,自我督促,加强科代表,小组长的模范带头作用和监督作用,力争做到每课过关,单元过关。文言文背诵三遍以上。我力争以此方式帮助中下生提高学习兴趣和成绩。
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇十八
����
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ð°à¼¶ï¿½ï¿½è½ï£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½70%���ò£ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½90��ö¡ï¿½
����ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ó²¿·ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½àµ±ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï°ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î´ï¿½î³é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬125��126���࣬�ð²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ü»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²î£¬ò²ï¿½ü¼ï¿½ö²ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±þ²ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬»ø¼òºï¿½ï¿½ù¸ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ù²å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½
����
�������꼶�â²ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ì¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¡ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó´ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ç¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµ¥ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ê±ï¿½ò»á¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ºï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ôªï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½àµ±ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
�����î³ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºí·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½èºí¼ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ê¡£ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½
����1��òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ë·î¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡¢¾ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½é¾°ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªå¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶è¡ï¿½
����2�������ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½øµã¡£òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½
����3��ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½é¸ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½
����4��òªï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½íºí¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½â£¬è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºï¿½ï¿½í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£
����
����1����������ñ§ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á·¢õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
����2�������ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ûºï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬×¢ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ö®ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó»ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¬ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����3������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±è½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµè·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¹û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¢ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½
����4����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦í»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø»ï¿½è¡öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ã¿î½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ä·±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµã¡£
����6����������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ï»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½125��126������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¶ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½é³¤ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºí¼à¶½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½î¹ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ë·ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½í³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇十九
以初中语文课程标准为依据,落实每一节课,努力提语文课教学质量。
1.学习有关课程理论,探讨在语文课教学中实施新课程理论的有效途径和方法,规范师生课堂行为,充分发挥学生的主体地位,构建诗意课堂。
2.认真落实备、教、批、辅等常规教学工作
(1)坚持有实效的备课,精心设计课件。
(2)加强对学生的学习的考查,严抓落实,把知识点的学习,过关切实落到笔上。
(3)培养学生良好的学习习惯。
(4)培养学生良好的阅读方法与习惯。
(5)培养写作的兴趣和良好的习惯,增强习作的新颖性。
3.优差辅导方面
⑴发现闪光点,创造成功的机会。
⑵用爱心去温暖,用耐心去呵护。
⑶授人以渔,教给方法,提高兴趣。
⑷结对帮助,齐抓共管。
针对优生的铺导以课堂教学为主要形式,教师在课堂上要注意提问一些有针对性,概括性较强、难度较大的问题,培养优生的思维。
(一)做好教学常规工作
1、认真钻研教材、课标。熟悉教材及其指导思想,认真备课,写好教案,上好每一节课。做到授课胸有“书”,及时检测。
2、虚心学习,本期听课要不少于x节,多听xx老师的课。
(二)积极参加教研活动,提高业务水平
1.积极参加省、市的教研活动,提高教研能力。
2.努力学习,提高专业理论水平。平时注重再学习,浏览百科,摄取与语文学科相关的理论知识,渗透到教学中去,使教学更有说服力。
(三)激发学生兴趣,提高学习成绩
1.优化课堂教学。教学采用多种方法,让学生动口、动手、动脑参与学习,采用阅读、讨论、讲解、自学、练习等形式,活跃课堂气氛,使教学效果达到化。
2.精心设置每节课的练习和作业,让每一个学生都有收获,真正做到因材施教。
3.认真做好学困生的工作。以鼓励为主,温情教育。帮助学生分析原因,建立自信心,并结合授课因材施教,教给他们学习的方法与策略,提高其学习兴趣。
4.坚持认真上好阅读课,让孩子以书为友,与书为伴,在浓浓书香中提升语文素养。
我们在路上。一路摸爬打滚,跌跌撞撞,却有师友一路相伴,一路走走停停,亦步亦趋,却有同事一路相伴,一路风风雨雨,阴晴不定,却在每一次艰难前进时,可以看到身边孩子的纯真的笑脸,愿20xx年历经风雨,终能守得云开待月明。
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇二十
����
�����ô³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿î³ì±ï¿½×¼îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµã¿ò»ï¿½ú¿î£ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿î½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1.ñ§ï°ï¿½ð¹ø¿î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿î½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½êµê©ï¿½â¿î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§í¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·¶ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
����2.������êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������1�������êµð§ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¿î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������2����ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½×¥ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½äµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½
������3������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
������4������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
������5������ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó±ï¿½ô¡ï¿½
����3.�å²î¸¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����å·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¹ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½á¡£
�������ã°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½å¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������������棬�ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
�����è½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½
��������������ìµï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§îªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òª×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¶è½ï´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½
����
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¹¤ï¿½ï¿½
����1���������ð½ì²ä¡ï¿½ï¿½î±ê¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ì²ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ±¸ï¿½î£ï¿½ð´ï¿½ã½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ú¿î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½é¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����2������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½x�ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½xx��ê¦ï¿½ä¿î¡ï¿½
���������������î¼ó½ï¿½ï¿½ð»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½
����1.�����î¼ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä½ï¿½ï¿½ð»î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2.å¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¿æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
��������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½é¼ï¿½
����1.�å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ö·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2.��������ã¿ï¿½ú¿îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ì¡ï¿½
����3.��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô�ò£¬½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
����4.��������ïºï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½å¨å¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������â·ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ò»â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×²×²ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ò»â·ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ò»â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à²½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ò»â·ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ò»â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è´ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßºï¿½ï¿½óµä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸20xx���������꣬�����øµï¿½ï¿½æ¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇二十一
本届学生试行课程改革一年,在这一年语文教学探索中,努力营造轻松民主的学习氛围,学生能积极参与、理解,大胆发表见解,大胆质疑,具有一定的自学能力,基本学会同学间的讨论,养成读课外名著的习惯,采用写随笔和作文相结合的方法,学生把生活作为写作的源,绝大多数作文内容真实,感情真切,养成了良好的写作习惯,提高了写作能力。一年课程实验改革,取得了一些可喜的变化和成绩,但也发现了诸多缺漏,需在本学年中,探索新方法,采取新措施,逐步快捷提高教学效果,真正让学生打好语文基础,提高语文能力和语文素养。
存在问题如下:
1、注重了对学生思维的激发,问题探讨、口头交流。忽视基础知识掌握、词汇的积累、书面表达。语文能力重要标志:除了有灵活的思维外,一要有丰富的生活积累,二要有丰富词汇积累。
2、对课文阅读理解不透,有囫囵吞枣现象。以本文为载体提高学生的阅读、理解,多角度分析总结概括上欠缺较多。
3、部分学生学习语文的兴趣不浓,主动性不强,俗语说,兴趣是最好的老师。调动其主动性、积极性是关键。
4、读课外书对丰富学生知识有帮助,但效果不明确。
针对以上情况和英才树立四种意识,高起点、高定位的目标,具体采取如下措施。
1、采用灵活多样的方法,积累丰富的词汇,并结合具体实际运用,采用竞赛、多媒体等,形象、直观、大容量,扎扎实实把该积累的词汇作为学生语文的积淀,实现每学期积累词汇的目标。
2、挖掘丰富的课程资源,利用多媒体教学,将语文学习与学生经验,生活世界和社会、科学世界紧密联系。比如学习《巴东三峡》搜集三峡的电视软件资料,直观现象展示给学生并与课本结合。学习《生命之舟》将电视剧《惊涛骇浪》等现代化的真实情景,再现给学生,让他们有身临其境之感,将学习语文富有时代生活气息,提高学生学习的积极性和学习效果。
3、不断吸纳先进的语文教学理论和方法,深入挖掘文本,借助资料分析教材,驾驭教材,对文章把握有自己独到见解,给学生理智的挑战,认知上的冲实,内心的震撼和无言的感动,带给学生充实的精神生活,从而提高学生阅读、理解、分析、归纳概括的能力,提升求异思维和感悟能力。
4、作文采用全批、抽批、面批,学生互批等方法,快捷、及时反馈给学生,及时指导、评价、交流,激发写作动力,同时结合每周两篇随笔指导、交流,用最贴近学生生活和学生最容易接受,最容易受感染的学生作品启发,激励学生写作,把作文教学落到实处。
5、指导学生读书和写好读书笔记,每周一节交流随笔和读书笔记课,形成丰富、生动的语文学习过程,避免死读课本和读死书现象。
6、大多数学生已有自学课文的能力和习惯,加强指导自学的方法,提高自学的效果,督促学生按时及时自学并能提出问题,质疑、探讨。
7、做好每月的月考和考试总结,分析每一个学生学习情况,做到心中有数,有的放矢,及时鼓励、表扬,及时对一部分较差学生指导,帮助,使其尽快赶上来。
总之,要对每一位学生做深入了解,做他们的知心朋友,做学生学习的伙伴,真正成为学生学习的组织者、引导者、参与者、合作者、帮助者。“让学生感受到人性之美、人伦之美、人道之美,感受到理性之美、智慧之美,感受到人类心灵的博大与深邃,感受到人类所创造的文化的灿烂与辉煌,而且能呼唤学生对于生活的热爱与柔情,让学生对未来充满热切的憧憬和乐观、光明、正直的期待,使他们能以新的眼光审视生活”。
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇二十二
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿î³ì¸ä¸ï¿½ò»ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½óªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½óµ¨·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï£¬è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ä±ä»¯ï¿½í³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±â©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½â´ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð²½¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ñ§ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
���������������â£ï¿½
����1��ע���ë¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ê»ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½â£¬ò»òªï¿½ð·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ð·á¸»ï¿½ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½
����2���ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²»í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ç¶è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·è±ï¿½ï¶à¡£
����3������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½å¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4����������ô·á¸»ñ§ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ð°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½
����������������ó¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡¢ï¿½ß¶ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â´ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½
����1�������������ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û·á¸»ï¿½ä´ê»ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµêµï¿½ñ¸ã»ï¿½ï¿½ûµä´ê»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ã¿ñ§ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½û´ê»ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê¡£
����2���ú¾ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ä¿î³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ã½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¾ç¡¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾³ö®ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ñ§ï°ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3�����������è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºí·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¦ï¿½ì²ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ïµä³ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ðº³ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµä¸ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4�����ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¸ï¿½è¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½äµ½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����5��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ç£ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºí¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ç¿î£ï¿½ï¿½î³é·á¸»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î±ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����6�������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ì½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½
����7������ã¿ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½â¿ï¿½ï¿½í¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä·ï¿½ê¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï²ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ä¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ö®ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»î»ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä»ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ã½ºï¿½ï¿½ö¹û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½û¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡±ï¿½ï¿½
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇二十三
根据《初中语文教学大纲》的内容,通过深入学习体会,并结合自己的教学工作实际,特制定本期教学工作计划,以便使自己的工作能有序地开展。
本学期所使用的是x教版实验教科书。本教材分为阅读、综合性学习、口语交际和写作四大部分,其中阅读按话题编排,分为以下六个专题,即幸福的滋味、大海、丰碑、创造的乐趣、生命的救助、理想的印痕;综合性学习也有五个专题,分别是:中秋佳话、让世界充满爱、说不尽的桥、流行歌曲的歌词、我的发现与创造等。
通过七年级一年的教学,从整体来看,这个班的学生大多数同学爱好语文学习,好的习惯(课堂听讲,记笔记,发言提问)正在逐步养成,学习兴趣和学习态度也有了明显的转变,语文的综合能力也在原来的基础上有了较大的提高。有七分之一的同学语文基础较好,语文成绩优异。另有十分之三的同学语文基础较差,成绩仍然不理想,主要表现在不能正确地理解所阅读的文章内容,不敢大胆表述自己的观点,写文章词不达意,材料成旧,抓不住要领,对语文学习兴趣不是十分浓厚。
1、德育渗透:在语文教学过程中,进一步培养学生的爱国主义精神,激发学生热爱祖国语言文字的感情,培养学生社会主义的思想品质,努力开拓学生的视野,注重培养创新精神和创造能力,发展学生的智力,培养学生健康高深的审美情趣,提高学生的文化品位。发展健康个性,逐步形成健全人格。
2、学习目标:课程目标根据知识和能力、过程和方法、情感态度和价值观三个维度设计。
1、本学期的重点放在基础较差学生身上,做好转差促优的工作,提高优等生的水平,带动中等生,鼓励后进生,尽量缩小差距,使其与优秀的距离有所接近。
2、课堂结构和时间的把握需进一步提高,向单位时间要产量。
3、引导学生把知识系统化,比如古诗词,可按作者、按类别、按主题分别进行分类,形成经纬交织的网络。
4、根据农村中学的实际情况,在讲解新知识的同时注意对旧知识的回顾。
5、经常督促学生养成一些学习语文的好习惯,并使之不断巩固、加强。如要求学生学会课前预习、学会对课文中关键字词进行圈点句画;养成勤查字典的习惯,尽量减少对老师的依赖心理等。
6、语文学习重在积累。因此,平时将定期不定期地向学生推荐一些好的文章、好的诗词等。增加学生的日常积累。同时,要求学生尽可能多接触一些课外读物,多关心一些时事,多看一些报纸杂志、时文,以拓展学生的眼界。
7、鼓励学生利用课余时间常练习字,养成书写规范、端正、整洁的习惯。
8、除课堂的大作文外,鼓励学生平时多练笔,从句段开始,多写一些短小精悍的文章来,使学生写作能力能渐渐地得以提高。
9、多给学生一些实践的机会。如让学生自己办手抄报等,让学生在实践中提高自己的能力。
10、优化作业管理,培养学生自主学习,自我管理,加强课代表,小组长的模范带头作用和监督作用,力争做到每课过关,单元过关。作业的布置和批改要有所区别,要因人而异,充分照顾到不同学生的特点。
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇二十四
八年级下册教材要求学生了解两种文体:记叙文和散文;同时相应地了解三种表达方式:记叙、描写与抒情,八年级下册语文备课组教学计划。四个现代文单元的专题,分别是人生、大自然美景、大自然与人类关系、民俗民风,让学生观察欣赏大自然,学会与大自然和谐相处;了解各地风土人情,民
歌民谣俗话,了解民间节日以及有关诗词对联灯谜;培养学生热爱
祖国壮丽河山的情感。其中前一个单元以记叙类文章为主,后三个单元以描写抒情文章为主。
另外,从八年级上册开始,文言文和白话文分编。两个文言文
单元课文的选编主要是从文章的难易程度以及课程目标这
两个方面来考虑的。其重点是:
五六单元主要是写景状物咏史以及书写人生志趣的散文,浸透作者作者对自然、社会、人生的深刻感悟,表达作者对美好生活和理想人格的追求。重点了解古人写景叙事议论的艺术,体会语言应用的妙处;积累常用的语法知识和词语。
为了更好完成本学期的教学任务,拟订如下教学计划:
1、认真备课写教案,每半期至少集体备课一次,每次由一位老师提出课题,进行研讨并做好记录。
2、经常听随堂课,每位教师每学期听课不少于8节,并认真做好听课记录。定期安排听研究课,本期本组刘燕萍准备向学校献上一节校级公开课,工作计划《八年级下册语文备课组教学计划》。
3、认真上课,课后进行反思,每学期至少写一篇教学反思。
4、作业、作文的布置和批改:每学期语文作业不少于20次;每学期作文不少于8次,争取做到全批全改。
5、培养学生良好的语文学习习惯,布置学生坚持每周进行课外阅读,并且做好读书笔记,鼓励学生经常练笔。
6、定期进行测验,段考前后分别进行两次单元测试,并做好分数统计;段考、期考组织集中改卷,统一标准,流水改卷,并认真做好试卷分析,找出共同存在的问题。
3、要求学生课外精读《海底两万里》等名著。
4、第3周全年级进行第一单元的内容测试.。
4-----6周
1、学习第五单元课文,重点解读:《与朱元思书》《五柳先生传马说》《送东阳马升序》,《诗词曲五首》。
2、指导写作·口语交际·综合性学习,主题“古诗苑漫步”,了解关于古诗的常识能够欣赏古诗,学会朗诵古诗,积累古诗,古为今用,推陈出新。组织活动“古诗与我”。
3、第6周进行第五单元内容测试
7-----10周
1、学习第二单元课文重点解读:《雪》《雷电颂》《短文两篇<日><月>》《海燕》《组歌》
2、指导写作·口语交际·综合性学习,主题“寻觅春天的足迹”引导学生感悟“春天”万物给大地带来的生机和活力,感受生命,并以此为话题写作。
3、指导朗读背诵课外古诗《赠从弟》等十首古诗。
4、对1、2、5单元的内容进行复习,参加半期前的热身考试,并对存在问题进行反思。
11周半期测试、评讲试卷。
12----14周
1、学习第六单元课文,重点解读《小石潭记》《岳阳楼记》《满井游记》《醉翁亭记》《诗五首》。
2、指导写作·口语交际·综合性学习“背起行囊走四方”,去大自然观察欣赏美景,了解各地风土人情,了解名胜古迹的对联,培养学生热爱祖国壮丽河山,丰富自己的阅历,增长见识,从而提高学生口头交际表达能力和写作能力。
3、14周进行第六单元内容测试。
4.讲解语法中短语的结构。
15-----16周
1、学习第三单元课文,重点解读:《敬畏自然》《罗布泊,消失的仙湖》《大雁归来》。指导学生自渎:《旅鼠之谜》《喂,出来》。
2、指导写作·口语交际·综合性学习,完成主题“科海泛舟”。了解各种科技发明以及对社会的推动作用,并学会去创造发明。
3、第16周进行第三单元内容测试。
4.讲解语法中句子的成分。
17-------19周
1、学习第四单元课文重点解读《云南的歌会》《端午的鸭蛋》《吆喝》,指导自渎《春酒》《俗世奇人》。
2、指导写作·口语交际·综合性学习,主题“到民间采风去”,了解方言带来的民歌民谣俗话,以及风土人情,了解民间节日以及有关诗词对联灯谜。
3、全体备课组成员交流教学心得,共同做好期末复习工作,迎接期考。
4.讲解标点符号知识。
20周——期末考试,流水改卷,进行试卷分析,对存在问题进行反思,上交本年度教学工作总结。
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇二十五
����ê±ï¿½ï¿½ä½å²ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½í£ðªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó�����âµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë»ï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½é£»ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½éºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½úµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
������ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµîªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²¿·ö¡ï¿½
������������ôªï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î·ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½ï¿½ø·ï¿½é«ï¿½ï¿½å¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡è¡ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê²ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ô�������ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½à¹´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ö±ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½×¸ï¿½ä¸ï¿½×µä¸è¡¢ñ°ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ô·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ïµí³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿æªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½
����
�������ì°à¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¹²43�ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½í¬å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è»ã»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½è½ïºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä©ï¿½é¼ï¿½è´ï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë±ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ú»ï¿½òªï¿½ó´ó¹®¹ìµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½í²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ïµí£ï¿½ï¿½î²î²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ë¼ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó²¿·ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×´ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½è½ï²î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½àµ±ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¤ï°ï°ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½î³é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½á³£ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ì«ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¿ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
����ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ºï¿½ï¿½1��3��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¿à£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ï¿½è¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ü»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²î£¬ò²ï¿½ü¼ï¿½ö²ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¾ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµä¸ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½l��2��ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±þ²ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ôºí¶ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü»ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðºãµä³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¶ï¿½ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½â³ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬»ø¼òºï¿½ï¿½ù¸ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ù²å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½í£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç»ï¿½æ«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½
����
����ë¼ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£º
���������ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ñ£¬¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä¸ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ê£ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½æ·î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³é½ï¿½è«ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä¿ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ê£º
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµäºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ë¼â·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¶ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ù¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ä¿ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½òªï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æªä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½êµä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¶ï¿½ï¿½é¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å·½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������������ä¿ï¿½ê£º
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ñ¿î±ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½æ·î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë´ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¿´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï°ï¿½ßµè¡ï¿½
����
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â´ï¿½ê©ï¿½ï¿½
����1��������ñ§ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ï¿½ï¿½ä¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
����2�����ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ûºï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬×¢ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ö®ï¿½ä¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó»ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¬ï¿½õºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����3��òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±è½ï¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éµè·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¹û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡¢ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½
����4����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦í»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø»ï¿½è¡öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½á³«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½
����5�����ó´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½î±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡¢ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¿ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½á¡£
����6�����ã¿ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½å¤×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¤×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����7��êµï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¶ô²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ö²ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê©ï¿½ì¡ï¿½
����8�����ýµï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����9����õ¹ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ï¿½êµä¶ï¿½ï¿½é±¨ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â»á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»á¡¢ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½á¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½70����
����10���������������êµï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇二十六
时间的脚步没有停歇,我们又迎来了新的学期。总结过去是为了积累经验;计划将来是为了更好的工作。为完成好这学期的教学任务,全面提高学生的文化修养素质,特制订如下计划。
像前三册一样,这册教科书也以语文与生活的联系为线索,按照人与自我、人与自然、人与社会三大板块组织单元。每单元包括阅读与综合性学习、写作、口语交际两大部分。
这六个单元分别是:人生历程,传记、回忆录;心灵之声,散文诗;敬畏自然,科学文艺作品;民风民俗,地方色彩浓郁的文学作品;浅易文言文,写景、记事、说理、写人、抒情的作品;浅易文言文,记游、写景、抒情的作品。每个单元的课文,都是按不同的内容专题兼顾文体选取的。综合性学习、写作、口语交际部分,原则上与阅读部分互相勾连,互相照应。它们分别是:献给母亲的歌、寻觅春天的踪迹、科海泛舟、到民间采风去、古诗苑漫步、背起行囊走四方。实际上每一个单元都是一个综合性的语文实践系统。阅读部分,在每篇课文的练习中,就有写作练习、口语交际练习和小型综合性学习活动。
所教班级八年级二班共43人,经过上学期师生的共同努力,全体同学的语文水平有所提高,尤其是阅读能力,差生有所减少,但有些同学仍然没有学好,他们平时考得都比较好,在期末成绩却下降了,这可能在于他们掌握得知识还不够牢靠。因此本学期还要加大巩固的力度,争取在期末考出好的成绩。从上学年的教学和测试情况来看,八二班学生仍然存在水平相对较低,参差不齐的状况。
思想状况方面:绝大部分学生的学习积极性都比较一般,仍处在朦胧状态,学习习惯也比较差,仍有相当一部分学生的预习习惯没有能够形成,上课也有一些会常开小差,不太能够积极回答问题。但也有少数学生情况较好。有三五个属于无能为力型,所有的科目都是在混日子,语文也不例外。
学习心理方面:有1/3的学生有明确的学习目标,比较认真刻苦,他们的学习情绪比较稳定,有的尽管基础较差,也能坚持不懈,较能井然有序地安排自己的学习,不会受到环境和其他不利因素的干扰,能够及时与教师进行沟通,帮助老师调整自己的教学方法;有l/2的学生属于鞭策进步型,此类学生平时能够配合老师的教学,但自觉性和定性不足,课堂喜欢享受欢乐,他们希望有好的成绩,但好逸恶劳,怕吃苦受罪,不愿付出劳动,上课时而认真时而精神不振,回家很少复习功课,需要老师的督促才会有所作为;尚有十多个学生属于不思进取型,积极性和主动性极差,他们或偏向其他科,不理语文,或根本对学习毫无兴趣,需要老师再三跟进才能勉强完成作业。
思想品德目标:
在语文教学过程中,进一步培养学生的爱国主义精神,激发学生热爱祖国语言文字的感情,培养学生社会主义的思想品质,努力开拓学生的视野,注重培养创新精神和创造能力,发展学生的智力,培养学生健康高深的审美情趣,提高学生的文化品位。发展健康个性,逐步形成健全人格。这是初中三年的最终目标,本学期要创造一个良好的开端,打下基础。
掌握和运用知识能力的目标:
进一步指导学生正确理解和运用祖国语言文字,使他们具有基本的阅读听话说话的能力,养成学习语文的良好习惯。具体地说,就是能领会词句在语言环境中的含义和作用,理解思想内容和文章的思路,了解基本写法,具有一定的语言感受能力,初步掌握精读略读的方法,培养默读的习惯,提高阅读速度,能用普通话正确流利地朗读课文,具有较强的口头表达能力,说话简明连费得体,背诵基本课文中的一些精彩片段,初步具有欣赏文学作品的能力,读文言文课文,要了解内容,背诵一些基本篇目,熟练使用常用字典词典,养成读书看报的习惯,文体方面,本学期以训练记叙的能力为主。
人文素质目标:
初步学会在日常生活中能正确运用语言文字来进行交流表达,把课本中感受学习到的有关人的语文素质的东西灵活运用到生活中,从而提高自己的文化品位,例如待人接物的仪态,为人处事的心理,读书看报看电视的习惯等。
根据学生的情况和我校的实际,本学期拟采用以下措施:
1、从语文学科的特点出发,使学生在潜移默化的过程中,提高思想认识,陶冶道德情操,培养审美情趣。
2、语文教学中,要加强综合,简化头绪,突出重点,注重知识之间、能力之间以及知识、能力、情意之间的联系,重视积累、感悟、熏陶和培养语感,致力于语文素养的整体提高。
3、要重视学生思维能力的发展。在语文教学的过程中,指导学生运用比较、分析、归纳等方法,发展他们的观察、记忆、思考、联想和想象的能力,尤其要重视培养学生的创造性思维。
4、教学过程应突出学生的实践活动,指导学生主动地获取知识,科学地训练技能,全面提高语文能力。要提倡灵活多样的教学方式,尤其是启发式和讨论式,鼓励学生探究性的学习。要避免繁琐的分析和琐碎机械的练习。
5、重视创设语文学习的环境,沟通、扩展课本内外、课堂内外、学校内外的联系,拓宽学习渠道,增加学生语文实践的机会。
6、做好开头的扭转工作,扭转以往不良的学习习惯。
7、实行目标分层教学,根据教学内容对不同层次的学生进行分层教学,因材施教。
8、根据当前社会形势,推行语文素质教育。
9、开展丰富多彩的读书报告会、故事会、朗诵会、演讲会。办手抄文学报、作品自作不少于70%。
10、让优生帮差生,实行一帮一学习语文。
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇二十七
�������꼶�â²ï¿½ì²ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½é¢ï¿½ä£ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£¬ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½à´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½
��������ò¥ï¿½×»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½
�������׳����é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������⣬�ó°ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï²á¿ªê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºí°×»ï¿½ï¿½ä·ö±à¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ì¶ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½î³ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�����������������çµä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½
����������ôªï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½×´ï¿½ï¿½ó½ê·ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¾è¤ï¿½ï¿½é¢ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¸ï¿½ï¿½ò£¬±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½×·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½î´¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û³ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï·¨öªê¶ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£
����îªï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é±ï¿½ñ§ï¿½úµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,�ⶩ���â½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1�����汸��ð´ï¿½ì°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¼ï¿½ï¿½å±¸ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î£ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½
����2�����������ã¿î£ï¿½ã¿î»ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ã¿ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½8�ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¼×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3�������ï¿î£ï¿½ï¿½îºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ò»æªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
����4����òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµä²ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ã¿ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½20�î£ï¿½ã¿ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½8�î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����5������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
����6�����ú½ï¿½ï¿½ð²ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½î¿ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½î¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ò»ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£
��
����3��òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4����3��è«ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.��
����4-----6��
����1��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµ¥ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,�øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªë¼ï¿½é¡·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡·£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°,���⡰��ê«ô·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ä³ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½æ³â³ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3����6�ü½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½åµ¥ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����7-----10��
����1��ñ§ï°ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æª<��><��>�������ࡷ����衷
����2��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°,���⡰ñ°ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¼£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¡°´ï¿½ï¿½ì¡±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óµü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½×¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½
����4����1��2��5��ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï°,�î¼ó°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,���ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½
����11�ü°ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����12----14��
����1��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ê¯ì¶ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¥ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¤ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¤ï¿½å¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¸»ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3��14�ü½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý²ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½
����4.�����﷨�ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½á¹¹ï¿½ï¿½
����15-----16��
����1��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½,�øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î·ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°,������⡰�æºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿æ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì·¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3����16�ü½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý²ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½
����4.�����﷨�ð¾ï¿½ï¿½óµä³é·ö¡ï¿½
����17-------19��
����1��ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä¸ï¿½á¡·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßºï¿½è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2��ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°,���⡰�����é·ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½â·½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¥ï¿½×»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ê«ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½
����3��è«ï¿½å±¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½äµã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä©ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó���ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4.���������öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½
����20�ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½á¡£
教学计划八年级语文下册电子书 八下语文教学计划表篇二十八
�������ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ù¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½á£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¿ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½
����
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½x�ì°ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ì¿ï¿½ï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ä·ï¿½îªï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï½»ï¿½êºï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ó²¿·ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½óº£¡ï¿½ï¿½á±®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¡ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½òµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë´´ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½
����
����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ò»ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç±ê¼ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½×ªï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ûºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ô���ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß·ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä³é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²î£¬ï¿½é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò´óµ¨±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ûµã£¬ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â´ê²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï³é¾é£ï¿½×¥ï¿½ï¿½×¡òªï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê®ï¿½ï¿½å¨ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1��������í¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¾«ï¿½ñ£¬¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµä¸ï¿½ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ê£ï¿½å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½æ·î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³é½ï¿½è«ï¿½ë¸ï¿½
����2��ñ§ï°ä¿ï¿½ê£ºï¿½î³ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìºí·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¬ï¿½èºí¼ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½
����
����1����ñ§ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2�����ã½á¹¹ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ä°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ê±ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����3������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ïµí³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê«ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½é°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡¢°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½î³é¾ï¿½î³ï¿½ï¿½ö¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¡£
����4������å©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±×¢ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ä»ø¹ë¡ï¿½
����5����������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµäºï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¹ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ô¤ï°ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ô¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ö´ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¦ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½
����6������ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½æ½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¼ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ê«ï¿½êµè¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶ï¿½ó´ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ê±ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½à¿´ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û½ç¡£
����7������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä³£ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½æ·¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����8�������ãµä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ó¾ï¿½î¿ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����9�����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½á¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����10���å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½é³¤ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºí¼à¶½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½î¹ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã¡£