勾股定理说课稿一等奖 勾股定理说课稿北师大版(八篇)
每个人都曾试图在平淡的学习、工作和生活中写一篇文章。写作是培养人的观察、联想、想象、思维和记忆的重要手段。范文怎么写才能发挥它最大的作用呢?下面是小编为大家收集的优秀范文,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
勾股定理说课稿一等奖 勾股定理说课稿北师大版篇一
勾股定理是学生在已经掌握了直角三角形的有关性质的基础上进行学习的,它是直角三角形的一条非常重要的性质,是几何中最重要的定理之一,它揭示了一个三角形三条边之间的数量关系,它可以解决直角三角形中的计算问题,是解直角三角形的主要根据之一,在实际生活中用途很大,我们的教材在编写时注意培养大家的动手操作能力和分析问题的能力,通过实际分析、拼图等活动,使学生获得较为直观的印象;通过联系和比较,理解勾股定理,以利于正确的进行运用。
据此,制定教学目标如下:
1、理解并且掌握勾股定理及其证明。
2、能够灵活地运用勾股定理及其计算。
3、主要就是培养学生观察、比较、分析、推理的能力。
4、通过介绍我们中国古代勾股方面的成就,激发学生热爱祖国与热爱祖国悠久文化的思想感情,培养他们的民族自豪感和钻研精神。
教学重点:
勾股定理的证明和应用。
教学难点:
勾股定理的证明。
教法和学法是体现在整个教学过程中的,本课的教法和学法体现如下特点:
1、以自学辅导为主,充分发挥教师的主导作用,运用各种手段激发学生学习欲望和兴趣,组织学生活动,让学生主动参与学习全过程。
2、切实体现学生的主体地位,让学生通过观察、分析、讨论、操作、归纳,理解定理,提高学生动手操作能力,以及分析问题和解决问题的能力。
3、通过演示实物,引导学生观察、操作、分析、证明,使学生得到获得新知的成功感受,从而激发学生钻研新知的欲望。
本节内容的教学主要体现在学生动手、动脑方面,根据学生的认知规律和学习心理,教学程序设计如下:
(一)创设情境 以古引新
1、由故事引入,3000多年前有个叫商高的人对周公说,把一根直尺折成直角,两端连接得到一个直角三角形,如果勾是3,股是4,那么弦等于5,小学数学教案《数学 - 勾股定理说课稿》。这样引起学生学习兴趣,激发学生求知欲。
2、是不是所有的直角三角形都有这个性质呢?教师要善于激疑,使学生进入乐学状态。
3、板书课题,出示学习目标。
(二)初步感知 理解教材
教师指导学生自学教材,通过自学感悟理解新知,体现了学生的自主学习意识,锻炼学生主动探究知识,养成良好的自学习惯。
(三)质疑解难 讨论归纳
1、教师设疑或学生提疑。如:
怎样证明勾股定理?学生通过自学,中等以上的学生基本掌握,这时能激发学生的表现欲。
2、教师引导学生按照要求进行拼图,观察并分析;
(1)这两个图形有什么特点?
(2)你能写出这两个图形的面积吗?
(3)如何运用勾股定理?是否还有其他形式?
这时教师组织学生分组讨论,调动全体学生的积极性,达到人人参与的效果,接着全班交流。先有某一组代表发言,说明本组对问题的理解程度,其他各组作评价和补充。教师及时进行富有启发性的点拨,最后,师生共同归纳,形成一致意见,最终解决疑难。
(四)巩固练习 强化提高
1、出示练习,学生分组解答,并由学生总结解题规律。课堂教学中动静结合,以免引起学生的疲劳。
2、出示例1学生试解,师生共同评价,以加深对例题的理解与运用。针对例题再次出现巩固练习,进一步提高学生运用知识的能力,对练习中出现的情况可采取互评、互议的形式,在互评互议中出现的具有代表性的问题,教师可以采取全班讨论的形式予以解决,以此突出教学重点。
(五)归纳总结 练习反馈
引导学生对知识要点进行总结,梳理学习思路。分发自我反馈练习,学生独立完成。
本课意在创设愉悦和谐的乐学气氛,优化教学手段,借助电教手段提高课堂教学效率,建立平等、民主、和谐的师生关系。加强师生间的合作,营造一种学生敢想、感说、感问的课堂气氛,让全体学生都能生动活泼、积极主动地教学活动,在学习中创新精神和实践能力得到培养。
勾股定理说课稿一等奖 勾股定理说课稿北师大版篇二
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勾股定理说课稿一等奖 勾股定理说课稿北师大版篇三
各位专家领导,上午好:今天我说课的课题是《勾股定理》
(一)本节内容在全书和章节的地位
这节课是九年制义务教育课程标准实验教科书(华东版),八年级第十九章第二节“勾股定理”第一课时。勾股定理是学生在已经掌握了直角三角形有关性质的基础上进行学习的,它是直角三角形的一条非常重要的性质,是几何中最重要的定理之一,它揭示了一个三角形三条边之间的数量关系,它可以解决直角三角形的主要依据之一,在实际生活中用途很大。教材在编写时注意培养学生的动手操作能力和观察分析问题的能力;通过实际分析,拼图等活动,使学生获得较为直观的印象;通过联系比较,理解勾股定理,以便于正确的进行运用。
(二)三维教学目标:
1.【知识与能力目标】
⒈理解并掌握勾股定理的内容和证明,能够灵活运用勾股定理及其计算;
⒉通过观察分析,大胆猜想,并探索勾股定理,培养学生动手操作、合作交流、逻辑推理的能力。
2. 【过程与方法目标】
在探索勾股定理的过程中,让学生经历“观察-猜想-归纳-验证”的数学思想,并体会数形结合和从特殊到一般的思想方法。
3.【情感态度与价值观】
通过介绍中国古代勾股方面的成就,激发学生热爱祖国和热爱祖国悠久文化的思想感情,培养学生的民族自豪感和钻研精神。
(三)教学重点、难点:
【教学重点】
勾股定理的证明与运用
【教学难点】
用面积法等方法证明勾股定理
【难点成因】
对于勾股定理的得出,首先需要学生通过动手操作,在观察的基础上,大胆猜想数学结论,而这需要学生具备一定的分析、归纳的思维方法和运用数学的思想意识,但学生在这一方面的可预见性和耐挫折能力并不是很成熟,从而形成困难。
【突破措施】
⒈创设情景,激发思维:创设生动、启发性的问题情景,激发学生的问题冲突,让学生在感到“有趣”、“有意思”的状态下进入学习过程;
⒉自主探索,敢于猜想:充分让自己动手操作,大胆猜想数学问题的结论,老师是整个活动的组织者,更是一位参入者,学生之间相互交流、协作,从而形成生动的课堂环境;
⒊张扬个性,展示风采:实行“小组合作制”,各小组中自己推荐一人担任“发言人”,一人担任“书记员”,在讨论结束后,由小组的'“发言人”汇报本小组的讨论结果,并可上台利用“多媒体视频展示台”展示本组的优秀作品,其他小组给予评价。这样既保证讨论的有效性,也调动了学生的学习积极性。
【教法分析】
数学是一门培养人的思维,发展人的思维的重要学科,因此在教学中,不仅要使学生“知其然”,而且还要使学生“知其所以然”。针对初二年级学生的认知结构和心理特征,本节课可选择“引导探索法”,由浅到深,由特殊到一般的提出问题。引导学生自主探索,合作交流,这种教学理念紧随新课改理念,也反映了时代精神。基本的教学程序是“创设情景-动手操作-归纳验证-问题解决-课堂小结-布置作业”六个方面。
【学法分析】
新课标明确提出要培养“可持续发展的学生”,因此教师要有组织、有目的、有针对性的引导学生并参入到学习活动中,鼓励学生采用自主探索,合作交流的研讨式学习方式,培养学生“动手”、“动脑”、“动口”的习惯与能力,使学生真正成为学习的主人。
(一)创设情景
多媒体课件演示flash小动画片:某楼房三楼失火,消防队员赶来救火,了解到每层楼高3米,消防队员取来6.5米长的云梯,如果梯子的底部离墙基的距离是2.5米,请问消防队员能否进入三楼灭火?
问题的设计有一定的挑战性,目的是激发学生的探究欲望,老师要注意引导学生将实际问题转化为数学问题,也就是“已知一直角三角形的两边,求第三边?”的问题。学生会感到一些困难,从而老师指出学习了今天的这节课后,同学们就会有办法解决了。这种以实际问题作为切入点导入新课,不仅自然,而且也反映了“数学来源于生活”,学习数学是为更好“服务于生活”。
(二)动手操作
⒈课件出示课本p99图19.2.1:
观察图中用阴影画出的三个正方形,你从中能够得出什么结论?
学生可能考虑到各种不同的思考方法,老师要给予肯定,并鼓励学生用语言进行描述,引导学生发现sp+sq=sr(此时让小组“发言人”发言),从而让学生通过正方形的面积之间的关系发现:对于等腰直角三角形,其两直角边的平方和等于斜边的平方,即当∠c=90°,ac=bc时,则ac2+bc2=ab2。这样做有利于学生参与探索,感受数学学习的过程,也有利于培养学生的语言表达能力,体会数形结合的思想。
⒉紧接着让学生思考:上述是在等腰直角三角形中的情况,那么在一般情况下的直角三角形中,是否也存在这一结论呢?于是再利用多媒体投影出p100图19.2.2(一般直角三角形)。学生可以同样求出正方形p和q的面积,只是求正方形r的面积有一些困难,这时可让学生在预先准备的方格纸上画出图形,再剪一剪、拼一拼,通过小组合作、交流后,学生就能够发现:对于一般的以整数为边长的直角三角形也存在两直角边的平方和等于斜边的平方。通过学生的动手操作、合作交流,来获取知识,这样设计有利于突破难点,也让学生体会到观察、猜想、归纳的数学思想及学习过程,提高学生的分析问题和解决问题的能力。
⒊再问:当边长不为整数的直角三角形是否也存在这一结论呢?投影例题:一个边长分别为1.5,3.6,3.9这种含有小数的直角三角形,让学生计算。这样设计的目的是让学生体会到“从特殊到一般”的情形,这样归纳的结论更具有一般性。
(三)归纳验证
【归纳】通过动手操作、合作交流,探索边长为整数的等腰直角三角形到一般的直角三角形,再到边长为小数的直角三角形的两直角边与斜边的关系,让学生在整个学习过程中感受学数学的乐趣,,使学生学会“文字语言”与“数学语言”这两种表达方式,各小组“发言人”的积极表现,整堂课充分发挥学生的主体作用,真正获取知识,解决问题。
【验证】先后三次验证“勾股定理”这一结论,期间学生动手进行了画图、剪图、拼图,还有测量、计算等活动,使学生从中体会到数形结合和从特殊到一般的数学思想,而且这一过程也有利于培养学生严谨、科学的学习态度。
(四)问题解决
⒈让学生解决开始上课前所提出的问题,前后呼应,让学生体会到成功的快乐。
⒉自学课本p101例1,然后完成p102练习。
(五)课堂小结
1.小组成员从内容、数学思想方法、获取知识的途径进行小结,后由“发言人”汇报,小组间要互相比一比,看看哪一个小组表现最佳。
2.教师用多媒体介绍“勾股定理史话”
①《周髀算径》:西周的商高(公元一千多年前)发现了“勾三股四弦五”这一规律。
②康熙数学专著《勾股图解》有五种求解直角三角形的方法,积求勾股法是其独创。
目的是对学生进行爱国主义教育,激励学生奋发向上。
(六)布置作业
课本p104习题19.2中的第1.2.3题。目的一方面是巩固“勾股定理”,另一方面是让学生进一步体会定理与实际生活的联系。
以上内容,我仅从“说教材”,“说学情”、“说教法”、“说学法”、“说教学过程”上来说明这堂课“教什么”和“怎么教”,也阐述了“为什么这样教”,希望各位专家领导对本次说课提出宝贵的意见,谢谢!
勾股定理说课稿一等奖 勾股定理说课稿北师大版篇四
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勾股定理说课稿一等奖 勾股定理说课稿北师大版篇六
勾股定理是学生在已经掌握了直角三角形的有关性质的基础上进行学习的,它是直角三角形的一条非常重要的性质,是几何中最重要的定理之一,它揭示了一个三角形三条边之间的数量关系,它可以解决直角三角形中的计算问题,是解直角三角形的主要根据之一,在实际生活中用途很大。教材在编写时注意培养学生的动手操作能力和分析问题的能力,通过实际分析、拼图等活动,使学生获得较为直观的印象;通过联系和比较,理解勾股定理,以利于正确的进行运用。
据此,制定教学目标如下:
1、理解并掌握勾股定理及其证明。
2、能够灵活地运用勾股定理及其计算。
3、培养学生观察、比较、分析、推理的能力。
4、通过介绍中国古代勾股方面的成就,激发学生热爱祖国与热爱祖国悠久文化的思想感情,培养他们的民族自豪感和钻研精神。
教学重点:勾股定理的证明和应用。
教学难点:勾股定理的证明。
教法和学法是体现在整个教学过程中的,本课的教法和学法体现如下特点:
1、以自学辅导为主,充分发挥教师的主导作用,运用各种手段激发学生学习欲望和兴趣,组织学生活动,让学生主动参与学习全过程。
2、切实体现学生的主体地位,让学生通过观察、分析、讨论、操作、归纳,理解定理,提高学生动手操作能力,以及分析问题和解决问题的能力。
3、通过演示实物,引导学生观察、操作、分析、证明,使学生得到获得新知的成功感受,从而激发学生钻研新知的欲望。
本节内容的教学主要体现在学生动手、动脑方面,根据学生的认知规律和学习心理,教学程序设计如下:
(一)创设情境 以古引新
1、由故事引入,3000多年前有个叫商高的人对周公说,把一根直尺折成直角,两端连接得到一个直角三角形。如果勾是3,股是4,那么弦等于5。这样引起学生学习兴趣,激发学生求知欲。
2、是不是所有的直角三角形都有这个性质呢?教师要善于激疑,使学生进入乐学状态。
3、板书课题,出示学习目标。
(二)初步感知 理解教材
教师指导学生自学教材,通过自学感悟理解新知。体现了学生的自主学习意识,锻炼学生主动探究知识,养成良好的自学习惯。
(三)质疑解难 讨论归纳
1、教师设疑或学生提疑。如:怎样证明勾股定理?学生通过自学,中等以上的学生基本掌握,这时能激发学生的表现欲。
2、教师引导学生按照要求进行拼图,观察并分析;
(1)这两个图形有什么特点?
(2)你能写出这两个图形的面积吗?
(3)如何运用勾股定理?是否还有其他形式?
这时教师组织学生分组讨论,调动全体学生的积极性,达到人人参与的效果,接着全班交流;先有某一组代表发言,说明本组对问题的理解程度,其他各组作评价和补充。教师及时进行富有启发性的点拨。最后,师生共同归纳,形成一致意见,最终解决疑难。
(四)巩固练习 强化提高
1、出示练习,学生分组解答,并由学生总结解题规律。课堂教学中动静结合,以免引起学生的疲劳。
2、出示例1学生试解,师生共同评价,以加深对例题的理解与运用。针对例题再次出现巩固练习,进一步提高学生运用知识的能力,对练习中出现的情况可采取互评、互议的形式,在互评互议中出现的具有代表性的问题,教师可以采取全班讨论的形式予以解决,以此突出教学重点。
(五)归纳总结 练习反馈
引导学生对知识要点进行总结,梳理学习思路。分发自我反馈练习,学生独立完成。
本课意在创设愉悦和谐的乐学气氛,优化教学手段,借助电教手段提高课堂教学效率,建立平等、民主、和谐的师生关系。加强师生间的合作,营造一种学生敢想、感说、感问的课堂气氛,让全体学生都能生动活泼、积极主动地教学活动,在学习中创新精神和实践能力得到培养。
勾股定理说课稿一等奖 勾股定理说课稿北师大版篇七
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勾股定理说课稿一等奖 勾股定理说课稿北师大版篇八
(一)教材地位:这节课是九年制义务教育初级中学教材北师大版七年级第二章第一节《探索勾股定理》第一课时,勾股定理是几何中几个重要定理之一,它揭示的是直角三角形中三边的数量关系。它在数学的发展中起过重要的作用,在现时世界中也有着广泛的作用。学生通过对勾股定理的学习,可以在原有的基础上对直角三角形有进一步的认识和理解。
(二)教学目标:
知识与能力:掌握勾股定理,并能运用勾股定理解决一些简单实际问题.
过程与方法:经历探索及验证勾股定理的过程,了解利用拼图验证勾股定理的方法,发展学生的合情推理意识、主动探究的习惯,感受数形结合和从特殊到一般的思想.
情感态度与价值观:激发学生爱国热情,让学生体验自己努力得到结论的成就感,体验数学充满探索和创造,体验数学的美感,从而了解数学,喜欢数学.
(三)教学重点:经历探索及验证勾股定理的过程,并能用它来解决一些简单的实际问题。
教学难点:用面积法(拼图法)发现勾股定理。
突出重点、突破难点的办法:发挥学生的主体作用,通过学生动手实验,让学生在实验中探索、在探索中领悟、在领悟中理解.
学情分析:七年级学生已经具备一定的观察、归纳、猜想和推理的能力.他们在小学已学习了一些几何图形的面积计算方法(包括割补、拼接),但运用面积法和割补思想来解决问题的意识和能力还不够.另外,学生普遍学习积极性较高,课堂活动参与较主动,但合作交流的能力还有待加强.
教法分析:结合七年级学生和本节教材的特点,在教学中采用“问题情境----建立模型----解释应用---拓展巩固”的模式,选择引导探索法。把教学过程转化为学生亲身观察,大胆猜想,自主探究,合作交流,归纳总结的过程。
学法分析:在教师的组织引导下,学生采用自主探究合作交流的研讨式学习方式,使学生真正成为学习的主人.
1.创设情境,提出问题
2.实验操作,模型构建
3.回归生活,应用新知
4.知识拓展,巩固深化
5.感悟收获,布置作业
(一)创设情境提出问题
(1)图片欣赏勾股定理数形图1955年希腊发行美丽的勾股树20xx年国际数学的一枚纪念邮票大会会标
设计意图:通过图形欣赏,感受数学美,感受勾股定理的文化价值.
(2)某楼房三楼失火,消防队员赶来救火,了解到每层楼高3米,消防队员取来6.5米长的云梯,如果梯子的底部离墙基的距离是2.5米,请问消防队员能否进入三楼灭火?
设计意图:以实际问题为切入点引入新课,反映了数学来源于实际生活,产生于人的需要,也体现了知识的发生过程,解决问题的过程也是一个“数学化”的过程,从而引出下面的环节.
二、实验操作模型构建
1.等腰直角三角形(数格子)2.一般直角三角形(割补)
问题一:对于等腰直角三角形,正方形ⅰ、ⅱ、ⅲ的面积有何关系?
设计意图:这样做利于学生参与探索,利于培养学生的语言表达能力,体会数形结合的思想.
问题二:对于一般的直角三角形,正方形ⅰ、ⅱ、ⅲ的面积也有这个关系吗?(割补法是本节的难点,组织学生合作交流)
设计意图:不仅有利于突破难点,而且为归纳结论打下基础,让学生的分析问题解决问题的能力在无形中得到提高.
通过以上实验归纳总结勾股定理.
设计意图:学生通过合作交流,归纳出勾股定理的雏形,培养学生抽象、概括的能力,同时发挥了学生的主体作用,体验了从特殊——一般的认知规律.
三.回归生活应用新知
让学生解决开头情景中的问题,前呼后应,增强学生学数学、用数学的意识,增加学以致用的乐趣和信心.
基础题,情境题,探索题.
设计意图:给出一组题目,分三个梯度,由浅入深层层练习,照顾学生的个体差异,关注学生的个性发展.知识的运用得到升华.
基础题:直角三角形的一直角边长为3,斜边为5,另一直角边长为x,你可以根据条件提出多少个数学问题?你能解决所提出的问题吗?
设计意图:这道题立足于双基.通过学生自己创设情境,锻炼了发散思维.
情境题:小明妈妈买了一部29英寸(74厘米)的电视机.小明量了电视机的屏幕后,发现屏幕只有58厘米长和46厘米宽,他觉得一定是售货员搞错了.你同意他的想法吗?
设计意图:增加学生的生活常识,也体现了数学源于生活,并用于生活。
探索题:做一个长,宽,高分别为50厘米,40厘米,30厘米的木箱,一根长为70厘米的木棒能否放入,为什么?试用今天学过的知识说明。
设计意图:探索题的难度相对大了些,但教师利用教学模型和学生合作交流的方式,拓展学生的思维、发展空间想象能力.
这节课你的收获是什么?
作业:
1、课本习题2.1
2、搜集有关勾股定理证明的资料.
板书设计探索勾股定理
如果直角三角形两直角边分别为a,b,斜边为c,那么
设计说明:
1.探索定理采用面积法,为学生创设一个和谐、宽松的情境,让学生体会数形结合及从特殊到一般的思想方法.
2.让学生人人参与,注重对学生活动的评价,一是学生在活动中的投入程度;二是学生在活动中表现出来的思维水平、表达水平.