2022年南京夫子庙导游讲解(6篇)

时间： 2022-12-27 11:20 小编： zdfb

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南京夫子庙导游讲解篇一

confucius temple, also known as confucius temple and confucian temple, is aplace to offer sacrifices to confucius, a famous educator and thinker in ius was honored as confucius in ancient times, so his temple is commonlyknown as "confucius temple". due to the orthodox status of confucianism, itsfounder confucius was highly respected by the rulers and scholars of feudalsociety. there were more than one confucius temples all over the country. as aplace for feudal scholars to worship, confucius temple is mostly arrangedtogether with educational facilities (such as school palace, gong yuan, etc.),that is, the so-called temple is attached to school, usually in front or on oneside of the school palace.

historically, there were three confucius temples in the urban area ofnanjing, one in the compound of the current municipal government and the otherin the chaotian palace. now we are going to visit the third and most famousplace. it was moved from chaotian palace in the first year of jingyou of songdynasty (1034). at first, it was jiankang school, jiqing road school in yuandynasty, guoxue in ming dynasty, yingtianfu school in qing dynasty, andjiangning school and shangyuan school in qing dynasty. it was destroyed in thexianfeng period, rebuilt in the tongzhi period (1869), and burned by thejapanese during the anti japanese war. the existing confucius temple was rebuiltin the early 1980s. it uses the former temple and the later school, confuciustemple in the front and the academy in the back, and the later gong yuan isarranged on the left side of the academy. therefore, the relatively completepattern of confucius temple in nanjing includes three parts, namely, confuciustemple, academy and gongyuan. the north-south central axis with dacheng hall asthe center and the main buildings on both sides and the jiangnan gongyuanexhibition hall with mingyuan building as the center have become the maintourist spots in the confucius temple area.

due to its long history and convenient water transportation, confuciustemple area has become a famous "beautiful place" and a place where celebritieslive in ancient nanjing before the appearance of confucius temple. therefore, inaddition to the main scenic spots mentioned above, there are also scenic spotssuch as wu jingzi's former residence, ancient taoyedu, cuiyuan, one hundred yearold shop street, wendeqiao, wang xie's former residence, wuyi lane, meixianglou,etc.

now we are standing at the starting point of the central axis of confuciustemple - confucius temple square. looking around, there are panchi, zhaobi andmufang in the south, juxing pavilion, kuiguang pavilion and business district inthe east and west, dacheng hall in the central axis and the east and west citieson the east and west sides of confucius temple in the north, which form theunique atmosphere of confucius temple area different from other cities, that is,the pattern of temple market integration in history.

look at the river in front of the square. it's called qinhuai river. it'sthe mother river of nanjing people. it's 110 kilometers long and gave birth tothe early nanjing civilization. the section that flows through the square is apart of the inner qinhuai river. when the temple was built, it was transformedinto panchi, named after the water flowing through the confucius temple in qufu.a red wall on the south bank is a large screen wall built in the wanli period ofthe ming dynasty (1575). it is 110 meters long and majestic. it is the largestscreen wall in china. zhaobi played a role of shelter and decoration, which wasthe beginning of the whole confucius temple complex. the stone railings on thenorth bank of panchi were built in zhengde (1514) of the ming dynasty. aftermany vicissitudes, they became the only best preserved ancient architecturalsketch in the confucius temple complex, which had been repaired before the antijapanese war. here, visitors take a rest on the fence and enjoy the beautifulscenery of qinhuai.

the wende bridge on the west side of panchi is now hanbaiyu bridge. it gotits name from the confucian school's advocacy of article morality. because thedirection of the bridge is the same as that of the meridian, every november 15of the lunar calendar, when the bright moon is in the sky and you look down fromthe railing, you can see the shadow of the bridge on both sides of the bright moon in the river is spanided into two and a half months, which iscalled "wen de fen yue". wu jingzi recorded it in his book scholars. if you havea chance, you might as well come to wende bridge on november 15 of the lunarcalendar to have a look.

a group of hui style buildings at the entrance of south wuyi lane ofwendeqiao is called "wangxie ancient residence". as the settlement area of wangxie and wang xie in the eastern jin dynasty, it has a great influence,especially the verses of wu yi xiang, the famous work of liu yuxi in tangdynasty, which makes wu yi xiang and wang xie's former residence very famous,and now it is "the historical and cultural exhibition hall of six dynasties innanjing." you can visit it when you have time.

now, to the north of the stone column is the newly rebuilt tianxia wenshusquare, which indicates that it is the cultural center of tianxia. three doorsand four pillars, quite spectacular. in ancient times, it corresponded to thelingxing gate at the back, which was used for the emperors to go on a pilgrimageto worship confucius. the high gate square in the middle was the royal roadwhere the emperor was lucky to come. it was used for the princes of the countyto go in and out. the ordinary officials and subjects could not pass through, soit was usually closed with wooden fences.

the star gathering pavilion on the west side of the square in front of thetemple has a hexagonal cornice, which is simple and elegant. it looks like atwo-layer structure with double cornices on the outside. in fact, it has onlyone floor. the name of the pavilion is the gathering of stars and talents. inthe east, the small courtyard facing the water is kuiguang pavilion. the kuixingpavilion in the pavilion has three floors and six sides, and faces qinhuairiver. the scenery is unique. in ancient times, there was a saying of "kui zhuwen". kuixing, or kuixing, is a sign of prosperity of the literary movement anda symbol of winning the first place in the imperial examination. therefore,kuixing was regarded as a god by the students of the past dynasties. kuiguangpavilion and juxing pavilion look at each other from the east to the west,echoing each other and integrating into one.

the stone square gate in the north of the square in front of the temple isthe first gate of the confucius temple - lingxing gate, with six columns andthree gates. it is simple and beautiful, and the lintel in the middle isengraved with the seal character "lingxing gate". lingxing is the "wenxing" inancient astronomy. the reason why it is named is to show that scholars in theworld gather here. the brick relief inlaid with peony pattern between the threedoors is exquisitely carved and gorgeous. the top of the stone column is made ofcloud plate, which means huabiao, as a sign. this is the gate for the emperor toworship confucius.

after passing the lingxing gate, we came to the dacheng gate of dachenghall.

dachengmen, also known as jimen, is the main gate of confucius temple, withzhijing gate on both sides. in feudal times, only officials could get in and outof dachengmen, while ordinary scholars could only get in and out from otherdoors. entering the gate, there are four ancient steles on the left and right:in the east, there are the stele of fengzhisheng's wife in 1331, the remnantstele of jiqing confucius temple in 1330, and the stele of kongyuwenli in 484,which was moved by the municipal government. this book is based on the picturestele of confucius asking for rites.

on both sides of the courtyard and corridor are arranged eight ofconfucius' twelve students, namely min sang, ran geng, ran qiu, duan muzi, ranyong, zai yu, yan yan and zhong you. they are all carved from white jade of handynasty. they are very devout and lifelike.

looking forward, the platform in front of the dacheng hall is danlong,commonly known as the terrace. it is 1.4 meters high, 21.8 meters wide from eastto west, and 14.0 meters long from north to south. it is surrounded by stonerailings, 24 cloud looking pillars, and stone lanterns are set at the twocorners of the platform. this terrace is used for sacrifice, singing anddancing. the statue of kongyu in the middle of the terrace is particularlyeye-catching. it's made of bronze, 4.18 meters long and weighs 37 tons. it'sexquisitely made, lifelike, full-bodied, with a kind and deep face. the eyebrowsreveal the wisdom of a great thinker and leave a very deep impression on both sides of the terrace, there were two verandas, which were used toworship the memorial tablets of the 72 sages in confucius' gate and to storesacrificial, ceremonial and dancing utensils. now it is reduced to a small twoveranda and changed into a stele gallery. there are more than 30 steles with inkmarks of famous calligraphers such as zhao puchu, lin sanzhi and wu zhongqi,which are displayed for tourists to enjoy.

at the end of the terrace is the majestic main hall of confucius templedacheng hall, which is 16.22 meters high, 27.3 meters wide and 27.9 meters is an antique building on the top of chongcaoxie mountain. under the eaves ofthe front, there is a sea blue vertical plaque, which reads "dacheng hall".confucius is the most sage and forerunner of dacheng, and dacheng refers toconfucius. the word "dacheng" comes from "notes. learning notes", which is thehighest level of learning. it can also be seen in mencius wanzhang. "confuciusis the sage of time. confucius called it jidacheng. " there is a beautifulstanding sculpture of "double dragons playing with pearls" in the bird's kiss onthe roof, which is the first of its kind in china; the light and beautifultendency of the roof covered with green tiles is obviously different from themagnificent tendency of the yellow glazed tiles used in the roof of the northernconfucius temple. it is more easygoing and popular. this is also one of theperformances of nanjing confucius temple closer to popular culture, or "do asthe romans do". the whole building is magnificent with double eaves, crisscrossbrackets, seven couplets in the hall, 26 wooden columns in the corridor, 16lattice doors in the front and back, and purlins in the inner hall. in thecenter of the hall, there is a 6.5-meter-high and 3.5-meter-wide portrait ofconfucius, the largest in china. on the front two sides of the portrait, thereare another four of the 12 students, namely mencius, kongji, zengshen andyanhui. in front of the portrait, there are also ancient musical instrumentssuch as gong, qin, wokonghou, chime, bianzhong, guzheng and drum.

38 inlaid murals reflecting confucius' life stories are hung on thesurrounding walls, which are called "confucius' holy trace". they are made ofinner jade from zhejiang, fujian, inner mongolia, liaoning, qinghai, guangxi,guangdong and other provinces (regions), famous crystals from jixueleng,shoushan stone, feicuilv, zhoucunleng and precious jewelry such as gold,jewelry, luodian, etc. by 2oo craftsmen in yueqing, zhejiang province. it takesthree years the total investment is 5.8 million yuan. the picture adopts thechinese classical panoramic composition method, supplemented by the detaileddescription of textual research, with fine workmanship, natural color, richthree-dimensional sense, giving people a sense of lifelike magic. each sheet is2.5 meters high and 1.3 meters wide. there are 408 figures in the painting. theshape is natural and lifelike. the 38 murals are the picture of the holy trace,the preface to the title, the prayer of nishan, the qilin yushu, the erlongwulao, the juntian shengjiang, the zudou xueli, the functionary commissar, thename rongfu, the functionary chengtian, the questioner laofu, wenshao in qi, yanyingju feng in yan, the retreat of shishu, jiagu huiqi, returning to tianxiegouo, zhushaozhengmao; the female music wenma, and yingu qulu. help peopleout. in song dynasty, people felled trees, attacked the falcon, struck the chimeby shiwei, learned to play qin by xiang, drove back to xihe, asked linggongabout chen, zilu about jin, in chenjueliang, zixijufeng, songqiuling, xingtanritual music, kneeling by chihong, xishou huolin, mengdian liangying, zhirenbiegui, han gaosi to lu. this is just like the couplet in the temple, which saysthat "qi bei si shi xing heaven and earth, ghosts and gods, sun and moon are inaccordance with their virtue; teach the world to follow yao, shun, yu and tangwenwu as teachers". the truth is that "the tao of heaven and earth runs throughthe ancient and modern times, and the six classics are deleted and listed in theconstitution for all ages.".

from the north gate of dacheng hall, you can enter xuegong district throughdongshi.

dongshi and xishi have been changed from the east and west passagewayswhich used to enter and leave the academy to the places where the ships can sellgoods on the qinhuai river. now they have become the most distinctive places forarts and crafts, cultural goods sales and cultural activities in the confuciustemple area.

the school palace was a place to cultivate talents in feudal times. therewere different levels, such as county school, government school (road school,state school, etc.) and national school. they were all adjacent to confuciustemple, which showed the orthodox status of confucianism in building the countryand cultivating self. the school palace includes mingde hall, zunjing pavilion,jingyi pavilion, chongsheng temple and qingyun tower. entering the gate of theschool is the ancient mingde hall. it is a place for scholars to listen to theirtutors' preaching of holy teachings and instructions (ethics and governmentdecrees) after their monthly pilgrimage to the sun (i.e. confucius), so as tocultivate their loyalty and patriotism. as for the name of mingdetang, sometourists may ask that there is only "minglun hall" in the confucius templecomplex. why nanjing confucius temple is an exception, which is called"mingdetang"? indeed, in nanjing confucius temple, mingdetang was originallyalso called "minglun hall". it was just wen tianxiang, the prime minister of thesouthern song dynasty, who was imprisoned when the yuan army was about toconquer nanjing, in order to show that he would rather die than surrender hechanged "ming lun tang" into "ming de tang" in order to show his loyalty to thecountry and serve the people. zunjing pavilion, built in the middle of mingdynasty, is 18.7 meters high, with double eaves and t-shaped ridges on the topof the mountain. it is an extraordinary hall for storing confucian classics andteaching lectures. it is now an exhibition hall of folk customs. standing sideby side with zunjing pavilion are chongsheng temple and qingyun tower. zunjingacademy is spanided into two sides behind zunjing pavilion. in the qing dynasty,qingyun building was changed into a library, and zunjing academy was used as alecture center, which is equivalent to the classroom now. the small highlandbehind the zunjing pavilion, called weishan, has a jingyi pavilion. allconfucian temples in the world have jingyi pavilion. it began in the jiajingperiod of the ming dynasty. in the pavilion, the emperor's motto of "jingyizhen" was set up as the motto of the students. the so-called "respect one" isthe dedication to confucianism.

after touring the academy, walk tens of meters to the east past gongyuanwest street, which is jiangnan gongyuan. during this period of time, i wouldlike to introduce to you some other information about the confucius temple. inaddition to the buildings of confucius temple, there are more noticeable folkcustoms, characteristic markets and snacks in the area.

dear friends, this is the end of the tour of confucius temple. thank youfor your support and cooperation!

南京夫子庙导游讲解篇二

各位游客，大家好!我们今天要参观的是位于秦淮河畔的夫子庙。说起夫子庙，我们还得先来谈谈南京人的母亲河-----秦淮河。秦淮河又名淮水、小江、龙藏浦，是南京文化的古老渊源。它从东水关入城，从西水关出城，流经夫子庙前的这一段长约十华里，因此被称为“十里秦淮”。从古至今，秦淮河的两岸就是一派繁华的景象，唐人杜牧的诗是这样说的：“烟笼寒水月笼沙，夜泊秦淮近酒家。商女不知亡国恨，隔江犹唱后庭花”，一首诗说尽了秦淮河的繁华。解放以后，经过南京市政府的大力建设，今天的十里秦淮已成为展现江南特有风貌的国家5a级风景名胜区。

夫子庙共包括孔庙、学宫、贡院三大建筑群，东晋年间，朝廷在这里兴建了学宫;宋代在东晋学宫的旧址上扩建了夫子庙;南宋又开设了科举考场----贡院。然而，夫子庙在历史上曾经五毁五建，最后一次是在1937年毁于侵华日军的战火，今天的夫子庙是1984年以后重新修建的。

庙前广场(2分钟)

各位游客，现在我们来到的是孔庙前的广场。庙市合一是夫子庙最显著的特点之一。广场纵向为庙，横向为市，庙市合一，独具氛围。位于大家身后的这堵红墙称为照壁，具有遮蔽、避邪及装饰的作用，全长110米，是我国照壁之最。照壁前的这个半圆形的水池称为泮池，古时皇帝讲学的地方叫辟雍，诸侯讲学的学宫叫泮宫，夫子庙的学宫等级相当于诸侯讲学的地方，所以这池便称为泮池，位于泮池西侧的这座桥叫文德桥，因儒家提倡文章道德而得名，由于桥向与子午线方向一致，因此每年农历十一月十五日子时左右，天上明月的倒影便会被桥影分成两半，这一奇观被称为“文德分月”。文德桥畔广场西侧有一聚星亭，取“群星集中，人才荟萃”之意。迎面这个大牌坊，是“天下文枢坊”。造型为四柱三门，它的意思是说这里是天下文化的中心。牌坊南侧有魁星阁，古有“奎主文章”之说，魁星是文运兴旺之兆，也是科举考试夺魁的象征，因而，魁星被历代学子奉为神灵。在广场北方便是棂星门，相传棂星是天上的文星，是主管教化的星宿，取名之由是表示天下文人学士集学于此的意思。

大成门、露台(1分钟)

大成门是大成殿的正门，也是夫子庙的正大门。在古代森严的封建等级制度下，只有官员可以从大成门出入，一般士子只能从旁门进出。门后两侧墙壁上镌刻两个大字，分别为“礼”和“仁”，是孔子思想的核心，也是其本人毕生追求的目标。在大成门后，大成殿前有一甬道，甬道两旁立有孔子十二位门生中的八位，均由汉白玉雕刻而成，分别为闵损、冉耕、冉求、端木赐、冉庸、宰予、言偃和仲由。甬道的尽头为露台，高1.4米，东西长21.8米，南北宽14米，四周围以石栏，前有二龙戏珠丹陛石，两侧立有石灯，露台是举行祭祀和歌舞的地方，露台正中有一尊孔子铜像，铜像前设有铁香炉，上刻“至圣先师”是对孔子的尊称。铜像高4.18米，重2.37吨，是国内孔庙中最大的一尊铜像。露台两旁原是两庑，是供奉孔门七十二贤人牌位和存放祭祀、仪礼、佾舞用具的处所，现缩为小两庑，改为碑廊，陈列有赵朴初、林散之、武中奇等著名书法家墨迹的石碑30余块，供游人欣赏。

大成殿(2分钟)

大成殿是夫子庙的标志性建筑，高16.22米，宽27.3米，进深27.9米。正面屋檐下海蓝色竖匾上书“大成殿”三个字。大成殿屋脊鸱吻中有二龙戏珠立雕，这在国内同类建筑中属首创之作，屋面覆盖青色小瓦所体现的轻灵秀美之势，与北方孔庙采用黄色琉璃瓦所体现的恢弘气势明显不一样，更显随和、入俗，这也是南京夫子庙更接近民俗文化的表现之一。殿中央陈列有国内最大的孔子画像，画像上方挂三块匾额都是出自历代皇帝之手，分别为康熙所书“万世师表”、乾隆所书“与天地参”以及光绪所书“斯文在兹”。在画像前两侧立有孔子的四位门生，即孟子、孔汲、曾参、颜回，前面还有琴、古筝、鼓等古代乐器。在四周墙壁上有38幅反映孔子生平事迹的镶嵌壁画，为《孔子圣迹图》，由浙江乐清200名匠师采用取自浙江、福建、内蒙古、广东、广西等地的玉石、鸡血冻、寿山石等石中名品及黄金、珠宝等贵重饰件，耗3年之工雕成，总投资580万元人民币，现价值人民币1亿多元，这38幅壁画分别为：圣迹之图、题首前言、尼山致祷、麒麟玉书、二龙五老等。

碑刻(1分钟)

由大成殿出，右手边的古井即玉兔泉，据记载，玉兔泉是由秦桧发现并挖掘的。泉旁侧立有《筹措朝考盘费碑》，记载了两江总督时期李鸿章、左宗棠捐助考生进京会考费用的一段历史。另一侧还有四块碑，其中最著名的是刻于南朝时期的《孔子问礼图碑》，记载了春秋末期奴隶制即将瓦解之际，孔子为维护奴隶制从鲁国到周天子所生活的城市洛阳寻访典章制度，向老子请教问礼的故事，另外是南京市仅存的三块元碑《集庆孔子庙碑》《封至圣夫人碑》和《封四氏碑》。

a学宫：学宫大门(30秒) 明德堂(1分30秒) 尊经阁及其周边(1分钟)

学宫位于大成殿后方，南向门楣上书“大明国子学”，由曾国藩题写，北向门楣上书“东南第一学”，由清乾隆时期文武双科状元秦大士题写。走进学宫大门，可以看见左右两个亭子中竖有一钟一鼓，亭额上分别写有“习礼”“仰圣”四个字，是古时士子们用于祭拜孔子的。

正对着学宫大门的是明德堂，堂名由文天祥题写，明德堂是学子集会的地方，每月朔望朝圣后，学子们便在此集会，训导师宣讲圣教和上谕，以培养学子们忠君爱国的思想。明德堂原名“明伦堂”，当年元军即将攻克南京时，文天祥为了表明他宁死不屈的决心和效忠国家、报效民众之志气，亲自手书改“明伦堂”为“明德堂”，故保留至今。

明德堂后的尊经阁高三层，重檐丁字脊歇山顶，是当年存放儒家典籍，教谕讲课的讲堂，现为民俗风情陈列馆。与尊经阁并排而立的是崇圣祠和青云楼，尊经书院分置尊经阁后两边，崇圣祠原为专奉孔子先辈之所，现为梨园。青云楼在清朝时改为图书馆。尊经书院为讲课之所，相当于现在的教室。尊经阁后的小高地叫卫山，建有敬一亭，所谓“敬一”就是对孔学的敬业之情。

其他(1分钟)

各位游客，白天的夫子庙繁华热闹，晚上的夫子庙更是流光溢彩!早在南北朝时期，秦淮河上就又金陵灯会，明朝时更是达到了顶峰，桨声灯影里的秦淮河，可谓天下一绝。今天的夫子庙沿袭了“青砖小瓦马头墙，回廊挂落花隔窗”的徽派建筑风格。游客来到这里，不仅能够领略传统文化，还能饱尝独具风味的秦淮小吃，探寻秦淮八艳的传奇故事，乘上秦淮画舫饱览两岸风光或者去探寻乌衣巷、王导谢安故居、李香君故居等名人踪迹，都是赏心乐事。我的讲解到此结束，谢谢大家!

b贡院前街、明远楼(1分30秒)

现在我们来到的是贡院前街，在街道中竖立着六尊人物雕像，他们都是历朝历代从这里走出去的才子，分别有唐寅、吴承恩、郑板桥、吴敬梓、林则徐和张謇。在雕塑的东侧，立有石碑11块，记载着这座贡院的历史兴衰以及各朝皇帝、大臣、名士对贡院的赞誉、评价和题咏，前街正前方是贡院，贡院牌坊上有李渔题写的楹联，始建于南宋，是专门用于举行科举考试的场所。起初，应试人数不多，规模也不大，仅仅供府、县学的考试之用，偶遇考生增多的年份，甚至需要借用寺庙作为临时考场，时至明永乐年间，重建了这座贡院，后南京贡院的规模不断扩大，待至清正式定名为“江南贡院”时，已达到空前之势，形成了东起姚家巷，西至学宫、孔庙，南临秦淮河，北抵建康路的方形整体，号舍多达两万多间。民国之后，贡院冷落，直至今日，只有明远楼作为历史文物被保留了下来。明远楼是历届科举考试时用于警戒和发号施令之所。一楼拱门内保留有明、清和民国年间的石碑，详尽记载了江南贡院的盛衰历史，有效地保存了封建时代科举考场的情景。20世纪80年代有关部门在此建立了“江南贡院陈列馆”。

号舍(1分钟)

现在贡院内恢复了四十余间号舍，以千字文为序，号舍高6尺，深4尺，宽3尺，面积不超过1.5平方米，里面仅陈列一上一下两块板而已。考生要在里面待上9天考上三场，吃喝拉撒睡考全在这里。白天他们在案板上答卷，晚上就在案板上合衣而眠。我们可以想象当年考试的艰辛，贡院西侧的号巷内用蜡像展示了考生百态，东侧为游客体验区，有兴趣的朋友可以体验一下。

至公堂(1分30秒)

科举始于隋唐，止于晚清，长达1320xx年，在明清时期逐渐形成了童试、乡试、会试、殿试四个等级的考试。前方大家看到的“至公堂”过去是主考官办公地，至公二字取意考试“公平、公正、平等”，现在是科举陈列室，分为东中西三个展厅，中间的展厅是科举文化陈列室，内有一尊魁星点斗、独占熬头的雕塑，旁边的这组横型展示了当年状元高中跨马游街的情形，非常壮观。四周墙壁上展出的图片资料介绍了中国科举制度的起源、发展。东侧的状元厅内展出了中国历代状元名录。而西侧的是名人厅，里面展出了和江南贡院有关的名人，还有和科举有关的一些图片资料和实物资料。

关于夫子庙的讲解就到此结束了，谢谢大家!

南京夫子庙导游讲解篇三

各位游客。在昨天的游程中，我为大家安排游览了中山陵、明孝陵、灵谷寺，总统府旧址等名胜古迹。今天，我将带大家到秦淮河、夫子庙去游览。秦淮河旅游区，位于南京老城区城南，从市区出发，坐汽车约需20分钟才能到达。它是一个以夫子庙为中心，集游览、购物、品尝风味于一体，展示古城风貌和民族风情的旅游地。

【秦淮河的由来和历史变迁】

秦淮河，是一条曾对古城南京的政治、经济、文化发展起过重要作用的河流。相传秦淮河是秦始皇下令开凿的一条人工运河。秦始皇东巡会稽，经过南京时，为方便船只行驶，曾下令开凿方山，使淮水与长江沟通，因而这段河道得名"秦淮河"。但据地质考察证明，秦淮河是一条历史悠久的天然河流，当时这条古老的河流确是曾从方山经过，但由于地理变迁，河流改道，逐渐形成了现在的河道。历史上的秦淮河，河道宽绰。自五代吴王杨行密在长干桥一带筑石头城以后，河道开始变窄，并被分隔成内、外"秦淮"。内秦淮河由东水关人城，经夫子庙，再由水西门南的西水关出城与外秦淮河汇合。河流全长10公里，这就是古往今来令无数文人墨客为之赞美倾倒、寻迹访踪的"十里秦淮"了。唐朝大诗人李白、刘禹锡、杜牧等都曾为她写下诗篇，孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吴敬样的《儒林外史》中，也都对"十里秦淮"有过生动的描写。古老的秦淮河与流经南京城北的长江相比，显得十分渺小，但是它与南京城的诞生、发展，以及南京地区的政治、经济、文化发展有着极其密切的关系。早在五六千年前的新石器时代，这里已有人类繁衍生息。迄今为止，沿河两岸发现的原始村落遗迹多达五六十处。六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作为都城的一道天然屏障和皇宫所需的天然通道。东吴孙权定都建业(南京)后，曾在秦淮河两岸作"栅塘"，既可御敌，又可防洪。从六朝时起，夫子庙一带的秦淮河两岸已是居民密集、市井相连的繁华之地，秦淮河充当了南京地区对外贸易的主要航道，河中舟船穿梭，一派繁荣。据说，旧时的秦淮河两岸歌楼酒肆林立，河房水阁争奇斗艳，游艇画防灯火通明，富豪贵族在这里过着寻欢作乐、纸醉金迷的生活，劳动人民，特别是广大妇女却是以泪洗面，饱尝了人间的辛酸。那时南京的妓·女大多集中在秦淮河两岸。清代戏剧家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描写的不畏权贵的名妓李香君，她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德桥畔。美丽的秦淮河曾流淌过蛮荒时代的寂寞，六朝以来的繁华和奢靡，旧社会的污垢和劳动人民的血泪，甚至还溶有南京大屠杀的血腥。然而，今天的秦淮河，经过了历史的沉淀和人民的改造，已散发着健康文明的馨香，展现了清澈动人的风姿。它是南京历史的见证，难怪人们惯于把"秦淮"当作南京的代名词。

【秦淮画舫-伴池-夫子庙照壁-庙前广场-棂星门】

各位游客：现在我们来到了秦淮河畔，河中的画防都是仿照明代建筑风格制造的，船头挂有大红彩球和红灯笼。每当元宵节南京人习惯来这里游玩赏灯。这种风气在明代就已盛行，据说明朝建都后，朱元津微服巡察京城。当他来到秦淮河畔，看到两岸绿树成荫，河水清澈，亭台楼阁，风景宜人，随口说了句："惜河中缺游船。"皇帝开了金口，左右就连夜差人赶造画舫，以博取皇帝欢心。从此，秦淮画访成了这里的一大特色。尤其到了中秋佳节时分，更是河上水灯万盏齐放，两岸龙灯飞舞，歌声、鼓声、欢声、笑声，连绵不绝，通宵达旦，真可谓"秦淮灯火甲天下"。难怪南京有"家家走桥，人人看灯"的民谚。我们眼前的这段秦淮河，自宋以后就成了夫子庙(孔庙)成泮池，又称月牙他。古时候皇帝讲学的学宫叫辟雍，诸侯讲学成学宫叫泮宫，夫子庙的学宫相当于诸侯讲学的地方，所以这池称"泮池"。泮池上一般建有三座石桥，按等级而论，县官、学官走中间一座，秀才走两边的桥。相传古时候有位秀才误上中桥，有犯上作乱之罪，进退两难，只好自己跳进了泮池。再请各位看河对岸的一段朱红色石砖墙，这就是夫子庙的照壁。照壁建于明万历三年(历泽年)，长达110米，为全们照壁之冠。各位游客：这座夫子庙始建于东晋成帝咸康三年(337年)，当时成帝采纳了王导的建议："治国以培育人才为重"，决定立大学于秦淮河畔。原来只建有学宫，孔庙是宋仁宗景拍元年(1034年)在学富基础上扩建而成的。所以夫子庙是一个由文教中心演变而成的繁华闹市，它包括夫子庙、学宫和贡院三大主要建筑群，其范围南临秦淮河北岸，北抵建康路东端，东起姚家巷，西止四福巷，规模庞大。夫子庙虽屡遭破坏，但各代都加以兴修扩建，到清末民初，其楼阁、殿宇的结构和布局堪称东南之冠。现在的夫子庙建筑，～部分是清代末年重建的，一部分是近几年重建的。请大家回头看，这座楼阁式建筑，叫做奎星阁，它初建于清乾隆年间。这座临街傍水的建筑曾两次被毁，1985年重建。现在我们来到了清代开辟的庙前广场，广场东西两端竖有两块碑，高有一丈许，上面刻有满汉两种文字"文武大臣至此下马"，表示对圣人孔子的崇敬。左侧的这座六角重檐亭子叫"聚星亭"，"聚星"取群星集中，人才荟萃之意。建于明万历十四年(1586年)，也曾几经兴废，到清同治八年(1869年)才由江宁乡贤朱芙峰等人筹资重建。这是一座在日军炮火中惟一幸存的清代建筑，可惜在1968年被当作"四旧"拆除，1983年又得以重建，恢复了原来的风貌。广场正中的这座牌坊，叫"天下文枢坊"。请大家继续随我往前走。这座门叫棂星门，这是孔庙的庙门。据传榻星是天上主管教化的星宿，他得人方便高兴。门是石结构的，六柱三门，建于明成化十六年(1480年)，后来被毁，又于清同治九年(1870年)重建。不过，现在所见到的极星门是1983年再次重建的。极星门东西两侧便是东市、西市。

【大成门-大成殿-学宫】

各位游客：走过棂星门，便是孔庙的正门，叫大成门，也叫戟门。门内侧有石碑四块。第一块是《孔子问礼图碑》，刻于南朝齐永明二年(484年)。记载了春秋末年奴隶制衰亡之际，孔子出于对周王朝礼乐制度的崇拜，抱着兴国安邦、济世访贤的愿望，于鲁昭公二十四年(公元前520xx年)，从家乡曲阜去周王城洛阳考察典章制度，寻求巩固鲁国奴隶主政权办法的经历。碑的上半部有"孔子问礼图，吴敬恒题"的题字。图中是二人驾车，一组身穿古装人物在城门前欢迎的场面，还有"永明二年，孔子在鲁人周门礼周流"的字样。这块碑已有1500多年的历史了，图文仍清晰可辨，是难得的珍贵文物。第二块碑是《集庆孔庙碑》，碑文是元朝至大二年(1320xx年)重建孔庙时由卢挚撰写的，到元至顺元年(1330年)，由纯斋王公书写刻石。第三块碑是《封四氏碑》，讲的是元至顺二年，文宗皇帝诏示：加封颜回、曾参(孔子的两个弟子)、孔极(孔子的孙子)、孟轲(孔子的再传弟子)为四亚圣之事。第四块碑是《封至圣夫人碑》，讲的是元至顺二年(1331年)，文宗皇帝颁旨加封孔子之妻为至圣夫人之事。庙院两侧是碑廊(原来是供奉孔门七十二贤人牌位的地方)，廊内陈列了当代书法名家的碑刻30块。现在，请大家随我从中间的石雨道走。在进大成殿前，我先给大家介绍一下殿前的这个露天台子，这是祭祀和歌舞的地方。古时每年二月、八月的第一个丁日和孔子诞辰这一天(农历八月二十七日)，地方官吏都要在孔庙举行盛大的祭扫活动。祭祀采用的是酉周奴隶主祭天地鬼神的礼仪，在大成殿前摆上仿青铜器做的祭器，上供牛2头、猪16头、羊16头，以及大量布帛菽粟、干鲜果品、香纸蜡烛等。主祭人要穿特制的古装祭服，宣读祭文，向孔子及"四配"(孔子高徒)、"十二哲"(孔家子弟)牌位行三拜九叩礼，还配有乐队和舞队表演，以歌颂孔子，所以大成殿前要设舞台。现在请各位游客随我进人孔庙主殿--大成殿。这是一座气势巍峨，重檐庑殿顶，屋脊中央有双龙戏珠立雕的建筑。这种规格的建筑在全国也是屈指可数的。"大成"意思是孔子集古圣先贤思想之大成。大成殿内原先正中供奉的是孔子和他的四位高徒，两旁是孔家子弟塑像十二尊。现在的大成殿已被辟为"南京乡土文化博物馆"。请大家再往前走，这里便是夫子庙的学宫。门楣上方原来有"学宫"匾额，门外柏木牌坊，牌坊上题有"东南第一学"。牌坊的北面是四周围有木栏的花圃，左右有四书斋，是学子自修读书的地方。这四斋名称分别是"志道"、"据德"、"依仁"、"游艺"。后面是明德堂，这座建筑建于南宋绍兴九年(1139年)，堂名为文天祥所书。明德堂是学子集会的地方，每月朔望(农历初一和十五)朝圣后，学子在此集会，训导师宣讲圣教和上谕。东墙有"卧碑"，就是训教的法规。左右横梁上悬挂着江宁府所属六县举贡员生题额。我们眼前的这座建筑是梨香阁，原来是祭祀孔子父母的崇圣祠，现改为游乐场了。东面那座建筑是青云楼，它建于明万历十四年(1586年)，是供把历代督学使的祠堂，初建时为三层楼，因为临近贡院，为防止有人从楼上偷看贡院，清代时改建成二层楼，上层用作藏书，下层是阅览室。清末废除科举后，改为小学，民国初年改为江宁县教育会，抗战时被用作开茶馆、歌场，战后曾先后作为民众教育馆和南京市通志馆。这也是旧学宫保留下来的为数不多的建筑之一。各位游客：参观完学宫建筑后，我们再去参观一下夫子庙的另一座古建筑群--贡院。

【秦淮画舫-伴池-夫子庙照壁-庙前广场-棂星门】

【大成门-大成殿-学宫】

南京夫子庙导游讲解篇四

各位游客，我们现在就来到了夫子庙。“六朝金粉地，十里秦淮河”，指的就是南京城南夫子庙地区的秦淮河风光带，自六朝起，这里就是居民商业集中地，为古都繁华地带。

我们现在站的地方是文德桥，这里有著名奇观“文德半月”，秦淮河水从我们脚下缓缓渡过，“十里秦淮”就是指东水关至西水关的水道。

夫子庙又称孔庙、文庙。它是祭祀我国古代著名的思想家、教育家孔子的地方。因为孔子在古代被人尊称为孔夫子，所以孔庙被称为“夫子庙”。它集旅游、休闲、文化、商业为一体，展现了六朝古都的风貌。

整个夫子庙建筑以大成殿为中心，从照壁至卫山，都是在一条南北中枢线上成方位对称的格局，具有典型的中国传统建筑风格。

文德桥之所以有半边月的奇景，是因为它与子午线的方向是一致的。大家向东看，有一堵红墙，经建于明代万历年间，是全国最大的照壁，长110米，照壁起着遮蔽和装饰作用。

这是盼池，当时文人洗墨之处，也是失火取水之处。

池的东边是魁星阁，魁在古代是保佑文人高中的星宿，有“魁星点斗，独占鳌头”之说。池的西边是聚星亭，是天下群星聚集的地方，盼池的北边是一个牌坊，这就是“天下文枢”坊，四个字意指天下文化聚集的中心。

游客们，我们穿过六柱三门的棂星门，就来到了大成门，在左右各有两块石碑，这就是“孔子问礼图碑”，上面刻有孔子从山东到南京向老子虚心请教的情景，蹬上露台，我们可以看到一尊孔子青铜雕像，高4.18米，这是我国最高的孔子铜像。在铜像之后就是孔庙的主体建筑大成殿，现在我们就到殿内看一看。

首先，我们看到的是一幅孔子巨幅画像，它高6.5米，宽3.15米，是我国最大的孔子画像，画像前是孔子四位门生的汉白玉雕像。

殿内有38幅由翡翠、玛瑙、黄金、鸡血石为材料制作的“孔子圣迹图”，它描述了孔子一生的生平事迹。

穿过大成殿来到学宫，这里是当年秀才学习的地方，学宫的主体建筑是“明德堂”是南宋民族英雄文天袢所题，德指“忠信，忠于国家，取信于民”。

明德堂前有一钟亭，内有礼运钟，还有一鼓亭，内有圣音鼓，是为纪念孔子2550周年所建，在明德堂后面还有尊经阁、崇圣祠、青云楼等。

大成殿外东西两侧是东西市，是当时进行商品买卖的地方，它充分展现了明末清初街市风貌，所以夫子庙特色还在于庙市合一。

南京夫子庙导游讲解篇五

古时立学必祀奉孔子，其各地的孔庙，属于国家祀典内容之一。所以孔庙的特点是庙附于学，和国学、府(州)县学联为一体。庙的位置或在学宫的前部，或偏于一侧。

南京夫子庙是前庙后学的布局。孔庙、学宫与东侧的贡院(通过考试来取士的考场)组成三大文教古建筑群。古时候的孔庙有一定的布局形式。

一般前设照壁、棂星门和东西牌坊形成庙前广场，棂星门前设以半圆形水池，称为“泮池”。泮池是孔庙的特有形制，源自于周礼，而夫子庙凿秦淮河为泮池，是唯一利用天名河道作为泮池的遗例。岸北为石栏，有“天下文枢”牌坊，游人至此可凭栏小憩，浏览秦淮河风光。

夫子庙的大照壁位于秦淮河南岸，建于明万历三年(1575年)，全长110米，为中国照壁之最。

泮池边的石栏为明正德九年1520xx年所建，现也修饰完整。东有奎光阁，西有聚星亭，象征文风昌盛;庙前广场东西两侧立石柱，上书“文武大臣至此下马”，以示对“至圣文宣王”的崇敬之意。庙门前有“天下文枢”柏木牌坊一座，牌坊后面为“棂星门”，系丈余高石牌坊，六柱三门，中门刻有“棂星门”三字篆文。三门之间嵌有牡丹砖刻浮雕，柱头皆有云雕，形即华表。这是帝王出巡朝圣祀孔的通道，非一般官员百姓所能出入的。平日用木栅栏封闭。

街东西旧有“道冠古今”、“德配天地”两坊，民国以后被拆除。广场左右原有“聚星”、“思乐”二亭。聚星亭重檐六角，夫子庙于1983年复建;思乐亭今移建于东市小广场。

棂星门由三座单间石牌坊组成，石坊之间墙上嵌有牡丹图案的浮雕，中间石坊横楣刻有“棂星门”三个篆字，造型朴实无华。

入棂星门，东西两侧各有持敬门，中间为大成门，又称戟门。在封建时代，每逢朔、望(农历初一、十五)朝圣和春秋祭典，府县官员、教谕、训导学教官由大成门进，士子走持敬门，不得逾矩。下阶为丹墀，东西并立三碑，东为元至顺二年(1331年)封至圣夫人碑，西为四亚圣碑，再西为清康熙修学宫碑记。丹墀左右为两庑，外有走廊通正殿。两庑供奉孔门的七十二贤人牌位。

正中是为“大成殿”，外有露台，是春秋祭奠时舞乐之地，三面环以石栏，四角设有紫铜燎炉，燃桐油火炬，祭祀多在午夜子时，光如白昼。殿内正中供奉“大成至圣先师孔之位”，左右配享四亚圣——颜回、曾参、孟轲、孔汲。殿的东边有小门通学宫。

明清时代的大成门为五间，两侧为耳房，供执事人等休息之用，中为三门，门内陈列戟，东设鼓，西置磬，每逢朔望朝圣和春秋祭典，府县官员由大成门(中门)进，士子执事人等分走旁门。此门与大殿同毁于日军兵火。1986年新建的大成门面宽三间，门内正中有汉白玉屏风，上镌刻“重修夫子庙记”，树立四块古碑，其中齐永明二年的“孔子问礼图碑”是由南京市人民政府院内迁至此处的一块重要的碑铭。

入大成门循甬道丹墀而上，便是夫子庙的主殿大成殿。现大殿是按清代同治八年(1869年)的建筑为蓝本修建的，取消了原孔庙的后墙，使之与学宫融为一体。大殿七间，高18米，重檐歇山顶。原殿内正中为“大成至圣先师孔子之神位”牌位，两旁配享四亚圣。现殿内有孔子铜像，两旁配有孔子十二弟子汉白玉像。殿前有宽敞的露台，四周绕以石栏板，它是古时祭祀举行乐舞的地方。殿前两侧有廊庑相连，原是供奉孔门七十二贤人和历代大儒，及存放祭器的地方。现改作碑廊，墙上镶嵌陈列当今名流的书法碑石30多块。

孔庙院墙与学宫之间，东西北三面有宽畅的通道，曾种植几百棵柏树，古木参天，郁郁苍苍。那时，在庙外的文德桥上凭栏眺望，大成殿的黄色琉璃瓦屋顶在绿荫丛中显得金碧辉煌，雄伟壮观。殿后为“明德堂”，相传匾额为南宋文天祥楷书，后由曾国藩改为篆书。堂后为“尊经阁”，阁原为教谕讲课讲堂，楼上藏有大量儒教典籍的刻板和诸多圣贤画像。清嘉庆年间又遭战火破坏。

清同治八年(1869年)曾国藩、李鸿章二人相继重修扩建，恢复旧貌。然而，孔庙的主要建筑均于1937年毁于日本侵略军的炮火。解放后，原学宫部分作为秦淮区人民游乐场，“名宦乡贤祠”则改为夫子庙小学;大成殿遗址辟为夫子庙广场。“文化大革命”中，剩余建筑又遭破坏。1983年，政府拨款重建夫子庙古建筑群，主体建筑大致恢复旧貌。

夫子庙两侧的东西市场，原是学宫前甬道。东甬道为学宫正门，门前有坊，上书“泮宫”。坊东为明清两朝状元、榜眼、探花题名牌坊。坊西为会元、解元题名牌坊，坊的背面是武科题名牌坊。东西甬道旁，原各有三祠两署。民国以后废科举，兴学堂，学宫遂渐衰落，祠、署分别改为学校、教育局、图书馆等，学宫甬道也成为摊贩市场，东西市场的名称便从那时开始。

现东西市场于1987年建成，总建筑面积为4400平方米，吸收了我国传统的商业街道的空间形式和尺度，采用明清时代的街市风格，以石板铺地，店铺采用“青砖黛瓦马头墙，回廊挂落花格窗”，店、庙、市、街合一，富有浓郁的地方特色。

尊经阁在明德堂后，始建于明嘉靖年间，原为上下两层各五间，清嘉庆以后曾在此设尊经书院，楼上藏书，楼下讲学。1987年重建的尊经阁高三层，18.7米，重檐丁字脊歇山顶，底层五间，二层、三层均为三间。底层辟为“秦淮彩灯馆”，二层为“秦淮文物古迹陈列室”，三层备有茶座，可供游人休息并眺望夫子庙全景。

位于学宫东侧的“贡院”，始建于宋乾道四年(1168年)。它是当时建康府、县学考试的场所，范围甚小。明太祖朱元璋建都金陵，集乡试、会试于此，考生众多，不敷应用。明成祖永乐年间在此重新兴建，贡院始具规模。虽永乐十九年(1420xx年)成祖迁都北京，但此地仍为江南乡试所在地，清承明制，一如其旧，道光年间曾重新修建。咸丰年间文庙、学宫俱遭兵火，贡院却独能幸存。同治时又重扩建，范围更大，考棚号舍有2万余间，居中国各省之冠。

当时贡院东起今姚家巷，南至贡院东等和贡院街，西至贡院西街与夫子庙隔街相望，北至今建康路。整个贡院成正方形，内有号舍(俗称考棚)20644间，一人一间，每次考试可容纳2万多人。当时贡院正门在今永和园及秦淮剧场之间。

大门外街之东、西各有木牌坊一座，即东、西辕门。大门外东西有石狮子一对及两座石牌坊，轴线上有门三道，分别称“贡院”、“开天文运”及“龙门”。

龙门后依次有明远楼、至公堂及戒慎堂。堂后有门，门后有飞虹桥。桥之南属外帘，飞虹桥是内外帘的分界线。最后为衡鉴堂，是主考官阅考卷、评定名次的地方。考试期间内外帘分隔很严，不得擅自出入。整个贡院四周围以高墙，墙外为街道，街道另一边为店铺民居。自光绪三十一年(1920xx年)废科举后，贡院即闲置无用。民国7年决定拆除贡院，开辟市场，只保留了明远楼、飞虹桥和明远楼东西少数号舍及明、清碑刻22方。

明远楼始建于明永乐年间，清道光年间重建。平面正方形，三层木结构建筑。底层四面为墙，各开有圆拱门，四檐柱从底层直通至楼顶，梁柱交织，四面皆窗。登临四顾，整个贡院一目了然。它是考试期间考官和执事官员警戒、发号施令的地方。明远楼内已辟为科举制度陈列馆——江南贡院历史陈列馆，展出了100多幅反映中国科举制度的珍贵文献资料、图片，并按原样复建了40间号舍。原安放在贡院内的22方明清碑刻，现集中陈列于明远楼东西两侧，它是研究明清贡院建制沿革和科举情况的实物资料。

南京夫子庙导游讲解篇六

南京夫子庙是前庙后学的布局。孔庙、学宫与东侧的贡院(通过考试来取士的考场)组成三大文教古建筑群。古时候的孔庙有一定的布局形式。

夫子庙的大照壁位于秦淮河南岸，建于明万历三年(1575年)，全长110米，为中国照壁之最。

泮池边的石栏为明正德九年1514年所建，现也修饰完整。东有奎光阁，西有聚星亭，象征文风昌盛;庙前广场东西两侧立石柱，上书“文武大臣至此下马”，以示对“至圣文宣王”的崇敬之意。庙门前有“天下文枢”柏木牌坊一座，牌坊后面为“棂星门”，系丈余高石牌坊，六柱三门，中门刻有“棂星门”三字篆文。三门之间嵌有牡丹砖刻浮雕，柱头皆有云雕，形即华表。这是帝王出巡朝圣祀孔的通道，非一般官员百姓所能出入的。平日用木栅栏封闭。

棂星门由三座单间石牌坊组成，石坊之间墙上嵌有牡丹图案的浮雕，中间石坊横楣刻有“棂星门”三个篆字，造型朴实无华。

清同治八年(1869年)曾国藩、李鸿章二人相继重修扩建，恢复旧貌。然而，孔庙的主要建筑均于1937年毁于日本侵略军的炮火。解放后，原学宫部分作为秦淮区人民游乐场，“名宦乡贤祠”则改为夫子庙小学;大成殿遗址辟为夫子庙广场。“文化大geming”中，剩余建筑又遭破坏。1983年，政府拨款重建夫子庙古建筑群，主体建筑大致恢复旧貌。

位于学宫东侧的“贡院”，始建于宋乾道四年(1168年)。它是当时建康府、县学考试的场所，范围甚小。明太祖朱元璋建都金陵，集乡试、会试于此，考生众多，不敷应用。明成祖永乐年间在此重新兴建，贡院始具规模。虽永乐十九年(1421年)成祖迁都北京，但此地仍为江南乡试所在地，清承明制，一如其旧，道光年间曾重新修建。咸丰年间文庙、学宫俱遭兵火，贡院却独能幸存。同治时又重扩建，范围更大，考棚号舍有2万余间，居中国各省之冠。

龙门后依次有明远楼、至公堂及戒慎堂。堂后有门，门后有飞虹桥。桥之南属外帘，飞虹桥是内外帘的分界线。最后为衡鉴堂，是主考官阅考卷、评定名次的地方。考试期间内外帘分隔很严，不得擅自出入。整个贡院四周围以高墙，墙外为街道，街道另一边为店铺民居。自光绪三十一年(1905年)废科举后，贡院即闲置无用。民国7年决定拆除贡院，开辟市场，只保留了明远楼、飞虹桥和明远楼东西少数号舍及明、清碑刻22方。