每个人都曾试图在平淡的学习、工作和生活中写一篇文章。写作是培养人的观察、联想、想象、思维和记忆的重要手段。写范文的时候需要注意什么呢？有哪些格式需要注意呢？这里我整理了一些优秀的范文，希望对大家有所帮助，下面我们就来了解一下吧。

俄罗斯圣彼得堡的大学篇一

peter the great was interested in seafaring and maritime affairs, and he intended to have russia gain a seaport in order to be able to trade with other maritime nations.

on may 1703, during the great northern war, peter the great captured nyenskans, and soon replaced the fortress. on may 27，1703,on zayachy (hare) island, he laid down the peter and paul fortress, which became the first brick and stone building of the new city.

in 1725, peter died at the age of fifty-two. his endeavours to modernize russia had met with opposition from the russian nobility—resulting in several attempts on his life and a treason case involving his son. in 1728, peter ii of russia moved his seat back to moscow. but four years later, in 1732, under empress anna of russia, saint petersburg was again designated as the capital of the russian empire. it remained the seat of the romanov dynasty and the imperial court of the russian tsars, as well as the seat of the russian government, for another 186 years until the communist revolution of 1917.

in 1810, alexander i established the first engineering higher learning institution, the saint petersburg main military engineering school in saint petersburg. many monuments commemorate the russian victory over napoleonic france in the patriotic war of 1812, including the alexander column by montferrand, erected in 1834, and the narva triumphal gate.

with the emancipation of the serfs undertaken by alexander ii in 1861 and an industrial revolution, the influx of former peasants into the capital increased greatly. poor boroughs spontaneously emerged on the outskirts of the city. saint petersburg surpassed moscow in population and industrial growth; it developed as one of the largest industrial cities in europe, with a major naval base (in kronstadt), river and sea port.