最新事物的正确答案不止一个论证思路(通用4篇)
在日常学习、工作或生活中,大家总少不了接触作文或者范文吧,通过文章可以把我们那些零零散散的思想,聚集在一块。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的范文吗?下面是小编帮大家整理的优质范文,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
事物的正确答案不止一个论证思路篇一
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事物的正确答案不止一个论证思路篇三
知识技能目标:
⒈掌握议论文的一般结构“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”;明白创造性思维的要素及人是否有创造力的区别。
⒉了解作者观点,学习做一个富有创造力的人。
⒊培养“事物的正确答案不止一个”的思维方式,放飞想象,积极创新。
过程方法能力目标:自主、合作、探究。
情感态度价值观目标:尊重创造性的多元思维,养成多方位思考问题的习惯。
1、掌握本文紧扣中心逐层展开论述的论证思路以及运用事实论证的写法。
2、划分本文结构可以让学生仁者见仁,智者见智——所谓培养学生创造性思维的“实战演习”。
1、本文中心论点的理解。
2、本文的论证方式及其方法。
1、今天我们一起学习13课《事物的正确答案不止一个》,本文作者是谁?齐说(罗迦·费·因格)。他是哪个国家的人?(美国)
2、通过课前预习,同学们喜欢这篇课文吗?(喜欢)大家都异口同声地说喜欢,有没有同学不喜欢?(生:我)
这位同学很有创见,你能说说不喜欢的理由吗?
生:①文字不太读得懂,以前都是写人记事的文章,或写景状物的一目了然,这篇文章读了几遍也不知写的什么?②我不知作者要告诉读者什么?③文章的层次我怎么也搞不清……④特别是文章开头的这幅图,答案太多,也觉得罗嗦,再往后我就不知道作者说的什么,实在读不懂。……
师:通过预习,你知道本文属于哪一种文体?(学生回答)是的,属于议论文。议论,即对人或事物、社会现象、问题等表示自己的立场、意见、观点。以议论这种表达方式为主的文章,就是议论文。议论文有三要素:论点、论据和论证。
1、论点:作者对所论述问题的见解和主张。(即作者对事物或问题的看法、主张、见解或态度 )
2、论据:用来证明作者观点的根据。(事实和道理是论据的两种基本形式。道理论据,即用人所共知的普遍道理或理论权威经典论述作根据。事实论据,即用具体可靠的事实(包括数据)来做根据。 )
3、论证方法:运用论据来证明论点的过程和方法。(常见的论证方法有:举例论证、道理论证、比喻论证、对比论证。以上几种论证方法,在议论文中往往是综合运用的。)
㈠学习第一层次(1—4自然段):
1、师:很好,我们刚才几位同学不随声附和,敢于说出自己独到的见解,思维的碰撞往往能闪出创造性的火花。创造性思维是每个人必备的素质,今天我们所学的这篇课文就是谈创造性思维的话题,谈创新的问题。请同学们选择自己喜欢的方式先阅读课文开头四自然段,同时用笔划出这一部分中总结性的语句。
2、生:读课文开头四个自然段。
3、师生交流:
师:读懂了吗?这一部分中总结性的语句是什么呢?
(因此,不满足于一个答案,不放弃探求,这一点是最重要的。”)
师:“不满足于一个答案”,作者的观点其实就是什么?
生:“事物的正确的答案不止一个”(师板书观点)
4、长期以来,我们已经习惯于事物的正确答案只有一个这种思维模式。这篇课文却提出与之相反的观点,要求我们不满足于一个答案,不放弃探求。这一点为什么非常重要?(尽量用课文中的话回答。)
(因为:①生活中解决问题的方法并非只有一个,而是多种多样。②情况变化,解决问题的方法也要变化。③如果认为答案是唯一的,找到答案就会止步不前。或者:只有认识到事物的正确答案不止一个,不满足于一个答案,不放弃探求,我们才能有所发现,有所创造,有所进步。)
5、为什么要确立“事物的正确答案不止一个”的思维方式?是用了怎样的论证方法阐明这一事理的?运用这一论证方法的好处是什么?
(作者运用了正反对比的论证方法阐述这一道理。先从反面说,“如果你认为正确答案只有一个的话,当你找到某个答案以后,就会止步不前。”;再从正面说。“不满足于一个答案,不放弃探求这一点非常重要。”正反对比,使说理全面,而双透彻,增强了说服力。)
6、师:作者为什么开头不把这观点点明,而用一道四种答案都正确的选择题呢?这样写有什么好处?
7、师明确:怎样亮出作者的观点,要取决于观点本身,是否容易被读者所接受,像那种平白如话、一目了然的可以直接亮出,正因为本文的观点不容易被我们所理解,所以作者才选用这种方式提出自己的观点。
(蜻蜓点水式的渗透议论文文体特点,又暗暗指导议论文观点提出的方式,读与写交融渗透,这样处理不温不火,恰到好处。)
㈡学习第二层次
1、师:既然不满足于一个答案,需要寻求其他答案。那么怎样才能积极寻求到第二种答案,或者怎样才能寻求到解决问题的其他途径和方法呢?
(有赖于创造性的思维。)
2、师:请同学们跳读课文,思考:针对创造性的思维作者提出哪几个问题?
生:(自主阅读,自由讨论)
3.交流:
生:第一个“创造性思维又有哪些必需的要素”?
第二个“创造性思维是否任何人都具备呢”?
第三个“是否存在富有创造力和缺乏创造力的区别呢”?
(点评:注重学生自主阅读,自我感悟。教材处理针对学生认知水平,抓住课文三条主线理清层次,一目了然,较好地体现教师-学生-文本之间的对话理念)
4、师:我们先来点击第一个问题?创造性思维有哪些必需的要素?同学们快速读课文,边读边思考。
生:读课文,师:行间巡视。
5、讨论:
⑴师:作者认为创造性思维的要素有哪些?用了哪些论证方法来证明自己的观点?
(a、知识是形成新创意的素材(有渊博的知识);b、必须有探求新事物,并为此而活用知识的态度和意识c、有持之以恒的精神和毅力(不断地进行尝试或持之以恒地进行各种尝试。
引证法、例证法)
⑵发挥创造力的关键是什么?作者在论述上面这个问题时,用了什么论证方法?有何作用?联系生活体验,你能再补充一两个事例吗?
(引导-速读-讲故事给同桌听)
(举例论证:
约翰?古登贝尔克将毫不相关的两种机械——葡萄压榨机和硬币打制器组合起来,创造了印刷机和排版术。或约翰发明印刷机和排版术的过程(第8自然段)
罗兰?布歇内尔把电视接受器作为试验对象,发明了乒乓球游戏,从此开始了游戏机的革命。或罗兰发明了对战型的乒乓球游戏(第9自然段)两例都是从自然科学方面设例
作用是事实胜于雄辩,增强文章说服力,使人信服。或具体有力地论证了“创造性思维必须有探求新事物、活用知识的态度和意识,并持之以恒地进行各种尝试”这一观点,增强了文章的说服力。) 在日常生活中,运用所学知识搞小发明小制作或解决实际问题的经验应该人人都有,事例不难补充。)
〔3〕为什么要选用两个事物来证明作者观点?这两个事例有什么侧重?同桌之间可以交换一下看法
(前者侧重于“活用知识的态度和意识”,后者侧重于“尝试”)
㈢学习第三层次(10—12节)
1、师:我们看看作者还提出哪两个问题?请一个同学读读这两个问题?
2、指名学生读第二、三两个问题。
3、师:第一个问题是老师和同学们一道探究完成的,作者又对我们提出两个新问题。同学们自己完成,好不好?(好)有没有信心?(有)下面请同学们针对问题,自己阅读、体味、探究,和同桌之间进行交流、小结。
4、生:自主阅读
5、交流
(1)师:刚才同学们合作得很好,哪些同学来汇报一下你们的研究结果?创造性思维是否任何人都具备呢?请同学们找出事实论据。请同学们分别讲述这三位名人创造性思维的事例并探究其过程。
明确:
(任何人都拥有创造力;贝多芬、爱因斯坦、莎士比亚
贝多芬,他幼年早慧,在年轻时就确立了作曲家的地位。也许是命运的捉弄,在人生最辉煌的时刻,他却失聪了。但是,在这之后的八年中,他依旧继续着音乐家的生命,大大发展和改变了古典音乐 。他是德国最伟大的乐曲家之一,创作了如:《英雄》、《命运》、《田园》等交响曲,《月光》、《热情》、《黎明》等钢琴奏鸣曲。
莎士比亚:
英国文艺复兴时期最伟大的戏剧家、诗人。他重要的喜剧作品有《仲夏夜之梦》、《威尼斯商人》、《无事生非》、《皆大欢喜》、《第十二夜》等;历史剧《理查三世》、《亨利四世》;四大悲剧《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》。
莎士比亚被马克思誉为“人类最伟大的戏剧天才。”“在过去的几千年人类历史中,最独领风骚者为成吉思汗,而最具才华者是莎士比亚。”伟大的德国诗人歌德有一句名言“说不尽的莎士比亚!”中国戏剧家曹禺曾赞叹:“莎士比亚是一位使人类永久又惊又喜的巨人!
爱因斯坦:
20世纪最伟大的物理学家,科学革命的旗手。他从小脑中就充满许多奇思妙想,例如4岁时就奇怪为什么罗盘针总是转向南方?它周围有什么东西推动它?
爱因斯坦是人类历史上最具创造性才智的人物之一.他一生中开创了物理学的四个域:狭义相对论、广义相对论、宇宙学和统一论.
他是量子理论的主要创建者之一.他在分子运动论和量子统计理论等方面也作出重大贡献.)
(2)对第三个问题,即“是否存在富有创造力和缺乏创造力的区别呢?”
(不存在)
(3)拥有创造力的主要根据是什么?用了什么论证方法?
【拥有创造力的人留意自己细小的想法。引证法(6、11)、例证法)(12)】
(4) “非凡的灵感,往往产生于这样的过程:关注极其普通、甚至一闪念的想法,并对它反复推敲,逐渐充实。” “区分一个人是否拥有创造力,主要根据之一是,拥有创造力的人留意自己细小的想法。”你能举出一个事例吗?
(牛顿从苹果落地这一现象中发现了万有引力;瓦特从水壶盖被水汽顶开中得到启示发明了蒸汽机;美国工程师杜里埃偶尔从香水喷雾情景中受到启发发明了内燃机汽化器。)
(5)提出这三个问题,作者运用了什么句式?有什么作用?
(设问句。它的作用有:引出下文,引发思考,使文势有变化。在结构上起承接、过渡的作用,使文章结构紧密,条理清楚。)
学习第四层次
小结课文,完善板书回顾全文,课文开头先引用材料,引出“事物的正确答案不止一个”的话题,这是提出问题;(1-4段)
主体部分从“创造性思维必需的要素”和“富有创造力和缺乏创造力的区别”的角度进行分析,这是分析问题;(5-13段)
结尾部分得出结论,“任何人都拥有创造力”,只要具备几个关键性的要素,就能成为一个富有创造性的人。这是解决问题。(14段)
课文写得深入浅出,通俗易懂,结构严谨。
1、任选26个字母中的一个,展开想象,仿写句子。例:a 是一座金字塔,是进取。
2、围绕“换个角度看问题”的内涵,请仿照例句写一句话。
例句:玫瑰虽美,但花下荆棘丛生;其实,换个角度也可看作: 荆棘虽多,但棘上却盛开着美丽的玫瑰!
仿写:彩虹虽灿烂,但其前总有暴风雨肆虐,其实,换个角度也可看作: 虽有暴风雨肆虐,但 风雨之后,就有彩虹的灿烂。
3、关于小鸡过马路的话题
唐僧说:“打雷啦,下雨啦,小鸡快过马路啊!”
王朔:我是流氓鸡我怕谁?!
钱钟书:马路这边的鸡想跑过去,马路那边的鸡想走过来——
欧阳修:小鸡之意不在路,在乎山水之间也。
达尔文:鸡从森林来到人家再发展到马路,这是优胜劣汰的进化法则。
拿破仑:不想过马路的鸡不是好鸡。
阿基米德:只要给我一条马路,我就能让小鸡走过去。
请从你的任课老师中选择其中一个,根据各自老师的特点,也创造性的写出一句。
(1、请同学们分析一下,小鸡过马路事件揭露了一个怎样的社会现实,表达了饲养者怎样的思想感情?——语文
2、do you know?小鸡过马路肯定是现在进行时,而不是将
来时.——英语
3、有两只小鸡过马路,两鸡同时相对而行,分别以每秒10厘米和15厘米的速度过长50米的`马路,请问两鸡何时相遇?——数学
4、一个质量为0.3千克的小鸡在马路上跑过,请说说它的受力状况是怎样的?——科学
5、这节课的训练重点是:组织小鸡掌握50米快速穿越马路跑技术。——体育)
通过今天的学习,我们倾听了科学家矢志追求的心律和足音,品味了那石破天惊的创新宣言,也碰撞出我们创新性思维的火花,点燃了我们心中创新的激情,我们处在一个激情似火的时代,我们身在一个日新月异的国度,时代呼唤我们的创新精神,祖国需要我们的创新精神。同志在十六大报告中指出:“创新是一个民族进步的灵魂。”我真诚在祝愿同学们今后的日子里,学会学习,学会生活,学会做人,更要学会创造,早日成为祖国栋梁之才。(小结的语言激情似火,作业的布置巧妙新颖,学生感受到的不仅是一段慷慨陈辞,更受到时代感、使命感的感染。文道统一。)
事物的正确答案不止一个论证思路篇四
我认为,教育的作用就是将人类的经验一代一代传下去,推动人类社会的发展与进步,所以从教学的基本价值看,教学的最终目标是促进学生的全面和谐地发展。《事物的正确答案不止一个》中,作者针对现实生活中常局限于“事物的正确答案只有一个”的认识,张扬了新的创造性的思维方式,提出了成为创造性人才的可行之路。启发学生认识到这种不拘泥于传统的思维方式的重要作用,让他们体会到创造对于个人和社会的发展所具有的重要意义,并且让每一个学生认识到任何人都有创造力,创造时时刻刻在我们身边,这对于对孩子的未来发展起着相当重要的作用。
《九年制义务教育语文新课程标准》明确指出:“语文是最重要的交际工具,是人类文化的重要组成部分。工具性和人文性的统一,是语文课程的基本特点”。工具性是指语文的形式,人文性则是指语文的内容。要把语文当作语文来教。不能脱离人文性仅强调工具性,也不能只强调人文性,而忽视工具性。所以在培养创新意识的同时,也要让学生紧扣课文,沿着作者的思路深入体会内容,并能在了解内容的同时进行更深一步的感悟。
英国教育家布鲁纳指出:教学学生学习任何科目,决不是对学生心灵中灌输固定的知识,而是启发学生主动去求取知识与组织知识。《九年制义务教育语文新课程标准》也明确指出:“课文课程必须根据学生身心发展和语文学习的特点,关注学生的个体差异和不同的学习需求,爱护学生的好奇心、求知欲,充分激发学生的主动意识和进取精神,倡导自主、合作、探究的学习方式。”从初中生的心理特点来看,他们对新鲜事物充满好奇心,对未知世界充满求知欲,所以只要精心创设问题情境,有目的地设置疑问,吸引学生积极动脑,主动学习,就可以有效地培养他们的探究精神和解决问题的能力。
《事物的正确答案不止一个》是一篇议论文,过去我在引领学生学习这篇课文时,先让学生整体感知课文,让学生了解课文论述的问题,按“提出问题—分析问题—解决问题”的思路理清结构,然后找出文章的论点、论据,揣摩论证方法,理解课文内容。结果课堂气氛死气沉沉,学生兴趣全无。而现在以学生感兴趣的毛毛虫的故事引入课题,让他们感受创造的重要意义;接着由他们列举发明家的故事,激发他们对创造的渴望;然后抓住他们渴望了解议论文这种文体的欲望,引入对议论文的概念以及常用的论证方法的学习;并且通过活动强化学生的探究欲望,刺激他们的表现欲;最后,用充满激情的结语唤起他们的民族责任感,激励他们有意识地将自己与国家社会联系起来,自觉地走向创造之路。可见,只要在课堂教学中抓住学生的兴奋点,就可以在学生积极思维和情绪高涨中,轻松地完成了学习任务,而且培养了他们的探究意识和自主学习的习惯。
学生是学习的真正主人。有这样一段话,深刻地诠释了现代教育理念的学生观:“给学生一个空间,让他们自己往前走。
给学生一个条件,让他们自己去锻炼。
给学生一个时间,让他们自己去安排。
给学生一个问题,让他们自己去找答案。
给学生一个机遇,让他们自己去抓住。
给学生一个冲突,让他们自己去讨论。
给学生一个权利,让他们自己去选择。
给学生一个题目,让他们自己去创造。”教师只是学生自主学习的促进者、引导者。学生有着巨大的发展潜能,教师应该尊重学生的自主性、能动性和创造性,使他们意识到自己是学习的主人,逐渐形成独立学习、自主发展的能力。在《事物的正确答案不止一个》的教学中,我和学生在平等和谐的氛围中相互交流,真正感受到了在自主空间中学生的学习热情和学习能力。从学生积极探究的实践中,我也感受到了他们自主学习探究获得的愉快,也感受到了作为引导者的自豪和快乐。