2023年大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录(二十六篇)
在经济发展迅速的今天,报告不再是罕见的东西,报告中提到的所有信息应该是准确无误的。怎样写报告才更能起到其作用呢?报告应该怎么制定呢?下面是我给大家整理的报告范文,欢迎大家阅读分享借鉴,希望对大家能够有所帮助。
大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇一
在大学里,我们所学习的土木工程测量学是一门实践性很强的学科,而测量实习对培养我们的思维和动手能力、掌握具体工作程序和内容起着相当重要的作用,对将来投入到工程建设工作中,投入到未来的工作中都将是受益终身,在学校和院系的安排下,我们土木工程专业安排了为期一周半的实习过程,下面我将就我们本次实习的目的及过程,实习心得和建议叙述如下:
1.熟练掌握常用测量仪器(水准仪、经纬仪、)的使用;
2.掌握导线测量和四等水准测量的观测和计算方法;
3.掌握经纬仪与绘图板协同画碎部点。
1.导线测量每组领用经纬仪(带脚架)一台;
2.水准测量每组领用:ds3水准仪(带脚架)1台,水准尺1对,水准测量手簿1本;
3.碎部点测量每组领用绘图板一块,量角器一块和图钉若干;
4.自备:铅笔(3h或4h)、橡皮擦、直尺。
利用经纬仪进行小地区的行的测量和地形图的绘制。
1:平面控制测量方法的方法和原理;
2:四等水准测量的方法和原理;
3:视距测量的方法和原理;
平面控制测量的基本过程:
①踏勘选点
现场选图根点时应注意的事项:
1.导线点应选在地势较高、质坚硬、长期保存和便于观测的地方;
2.相邻导线点间通良好,便于测角、量边;
3.导线点视野开阔、控制面大、便于测绘周围地物和地貌特征点;
4.导线边长应大致相等,避免过长、过短,相邻边长之比不应超过三倍。
根据我校教工区的地形情况我们选了五个闭合图根点,这五个点均满足以上要求。
②外业测量
外业测量可分为角度测量和边长测量。
在进行边长和角度测量之前我们应先对经纬仪进行检查:
1.照准部水准管轴应垂直于竖轴;
2.望远镜视准轴应垂直于横轴;
3.横轴应垂直于竖轴;
4.十字丝竖丝应垂直于横轴。
在确保以上条件的情况下我们便开始了测量工作。
另外在进行测量前应测出仪器的竖盘指标差。竖盘指标差的测定方法是在测地任找两点a、b,先将经纬仪安置好、整平。然后将经纬仪xx左,对准目标a读出水平盘读数。再将目标对准另一目标b读出数据。再将经纬仪xx右找到目标b读出数据,然后逆时针打回a读出数据。根据公式,计算出指标差x。
本次实习我们从20xx年xx月xx日早开始---xx月xx日晚结束,xx月xx日清晨我们开了实习动员大会,老师详细的讲解了本次实习的主要内容,包括图根控制测量和地形图的测绘以及地形图的整饰。并在九点种领取了仪器,下午2;30分我们开始了踏勘选点,选点位置在西南是有大学教工区附近进行踏勘选点,我们的选点处比较平坦,但建筑物较多,花草树木也比较多,造成各点之间的相互通视情况也不大理想,给我门测量带来了一定的不便,难度增加,但是在同学们的共同努力之下,我们进行了选点,开始我们的选点不是很合理,后来在老师的知道下我们作出了最后的选点,选出5个控制点,选点时注意所选点的通视效果,以及两点间距离的控制,要求做到按1:500的比例尺绘图在200mxx200m范围之内,选好点后用油漆做好标记,作为图根控制点。
选点后对各图跟控制点进行了详细的测量,其中主要是水平角度的测量和导线距离的测量,在测量过程中我们进一步的理解和掌握了课堂上所学的理论知识,并熟练的掌握了经纬仪的使用方法,尤其是水平角度的测量,采用测回法,消除2c误,以及横轴误差,刚开始的角度的测量给我们带来了一定的难度,由于仪器的使用不是很熟练,仪器又有写破损,最后还是调换了仪器,才识的测量的结果真确,在允许的误差范围之内,同时小组其他成员进行即及时的记录,之后又进行了两点之间距离的测量,记录标尺的上、中、下丝读数,并作好记录,连续进行了5可控制点的测量,这样我们大约测量了一天半的时间,之后我们进行了四等水准测量,进行了水准仪的使用,进一步熟悉四等水准测量的过程,简单叙述为:整平、后前前后、黑黑红红,之后我们进行了内业的计算工作,进行角度的评差和距离的评差,在内业处理过程中,小组成员互相配合做完了内业的计算,计算时角度一律取至秒,边长,坐标增量和坐标一律取到毫米,并对所评差看是否超出角度的闭合差容许值超限,以及距离闭合差是否小于1/20xx,如果不符和要求,则应分析原因进行反工重测。
实习的第二步是进行碎部的测量,之后进行地形图的测绘工作,首先是准备工作,准备画图仪器和画图板。这时把第一步测得的控制点按照1:500的比例落在图纸上,并注意比例的安排和图幅的合理分配,以便下一步的碎部点的绘制。之后便开始了碎部的测量,碎部测量主要是角度的测量和距离的测量,从而进一步熟悉经纬仪的使用,采用视距测量测取距离和竖直角度,同时把每个测量数据记录在记录薄上,作为基本数据,之后对数据进行处理,并逐步的开始展绘控制点,根据控制点的坐标将其展绘于方格内(一张200m200m的图纸是进行展点),在可以观测到待测碎部点的控制点上架设经纬仪,在碎部点处设置对碎布点进行观测,然后利用视距测量测量两点之间的距离报给绘图员,由绘图员根据1:500的比例经过计算在瞄底方向在图纸上准确的绘出,如此进行直到所有碎部点测量直到所有碎步点测量完毕,并将每一个点都绘制在图纸上,对于观测困难的碎部点,采用支点线的方法进行测量,由两左右测回观测确定支导线线上支点的坐标后,将支点等同于控制点进行如前的观测与展绘,展绘好后进行角度和边长检查。最后进行地形图的整饰,一些标志性的地物标记在地形图上面,准确表达出彼此之间的关系。
在整个过程中,提前复习相关的知识,并做到准确熟悉的使用经纬仪和水准仪。每天手工后,回到寝室进行实习日志的书写。记录当天实习的内容和收获!
最后便是进行实习报告册撰写。
本次实习目的是熟练掌握常用测量仪器(水准仪、经纬仪)的使用以及掌握图根控制测量、导线测量、四等水准测量等外业测量的的方法步骤以及内业的计算方法。培养我们的实践动手能力,充分锻炼我们在测量工作中的各发面能力的培养,培养严谨的学习态度以及对课堂上所学知识进行进一步的深化和理解。通过本次土木工程测量实习,我有所收获,当染也发现了自己的很多不足。下面先谈一下我在本次实习过程中的收获。
第一,在专业知识掌握方面;
收获主要是对仪器的使用有了进一步熟练掌握和数据计算整理能力的进一步提高,特别是通过实际操作,平面控制测量的方法与步骤,通过这次实习能够在比较短的时间内完成对中整平,增强了自己的业务技能,这主要是因为在这次实习中通过对经纬仪的大量应用,熟练了经纬仪对中整平的步骤,对经纬仪整体有了进一步的熟练,比如在粗平过程中能比较够熟练地通过调整支架比较迅速地完成粗平,单这一个过程就比以前快了很多,从而大大减少了对中整平仪器所需时间。
第二,在数据计算处理整理方面的能力有所增长;
在这次实习中也得到了很大的提高,以前接触的数据都不是通过自己实际测量得到的结果,整理时往往误差都在允许范围内,这次通过自己的实际测量练习得到的数据由于种种问题有些是超出误差允许范围的,数据计算整理是一项很繁琐的工作,需要我们在整理计算的时候要格外认真小心,同时,也有很多方法和技巧也是可以用来避免因为整理计算而出现结果的错误。首先在数据记录中要做到清晰、清楚,因为我们数据的整理是在一天的工作完成后进行的,由于数据量很大,如果记得不够清晰往往找不到数据或者分辨不清楚记录的数字。
另外在记录数据的过程中要随时检核数据是否可用,免得再最后整理时发现误差过大而耽误工程进度。在计算数据时可以通过多种数学手段来边计算边检验结果的准确性,如果时间允许可以先由一个人计算数据再由另外一个人来检核。本次实习进行了大量基准测量,虽然仪器i角误差很小,但往往都存在,在进行前后视距读数时尽量要是前后视距基本相等,这样才能使数据更准确,然后再向整个区域进行扩展,在选点时要尽量找在各个方向通视效果好的点,特别是要注意建筑物周围植物的影响,进行每天的工作前要有详细的计划,对各个点进行有规律的编号,并对每个人的工作进行明确分工,在实际测量时要有一个顺序,切忌随意设站测量。
数据记录要清晰准确,每天都是固定的人来记录数据,这样能更好保证数据的清晰和记录格式的统一,数据记录人员要和读数人员有密切配合,相互提醒,每个数据各报一遍以确保无误通过这次实习,我有一个很大的感受就是团队合作的重要性。
第三,通过本次实习我的出许多的经验教训;
实习是大家共同合作完成的任务,光凭借一个人的力量是远远不够的,队员之间需要密切的配合,着样使我深深的意识到,团队精神的重要性,没有团队精神我们是不能成功的按时完成任务。
对数据的处理上使我体会到,在作数据处理时一定要本着严谨态度,其实在生活中和在其他科目的学习过程中,这种态度也是非常重要的。
大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇二
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大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇三
一、实习目的
1、巩固和加深课堂所学理论知识,培养学生理论联系实际的能力、动手能力、实事求是的科学态度、刻苦耐劳的工作作风和互相协作的团队精神;
2、进一步熟练掌握常规仪器的使用方法、提高野外测量、内业计算、地形绘图的技能,具备从事测绘工作的初步素质。
3、培养一丝不苟的测绘技术工作态度、培养吃苦耐劳、团结友爱、集体协作的精神。
二、实习要求
掌握测量仪器的使用,了解其检验和校正的方法;掌握测绘的基本方法,提高实际作业能力。
三、实习任务
1、小组上交成果及资料
①导线测量外业观测表格
②导线测量内业计算表格
③水准测量外业观测表格
④水准测量内业计算表格
⑤指定实习范围的一幅图幅为50*50,比例尺为1:500地形图。
2、个人上交成果及资料
①实习报告
第一章测区选
一、测区位置:河北工程大学主校区#1#2宿舍楼
二、选点要求:
安全性。便于安置仪器,考虑地面湿滑、来往车辆等对人身和仪器安全的影响。
实用性。点位间通视良好、便于测角量距。
便利性。导线点选好后须做好标记,便于寻找。
控制测量点已给出,碎步测量点自定。
第二章高程控制测量
一、仪器:水准仪
二、方法:变更仪器高法
三、水准仪的使用
①安置水准仪
打开三角架使其高度适中。目估使架头大致水平。取出仪器置于三角架头上,将其用连接螺旋固定。将仪器置于两点之间。
②粗略整平
先用双手同时内或外转动一对脚螺旋,这时气泡未居中而位于脚螺旋之间,再转动另一只脚螺旋使其居中。
③瞄准水准尺
a、在瞄准水准尺之前,先进行目镜对光,使十字丝成像清晰。
b、松开制动螺旋,转动望远镜,用望远镜筒上的照门和准星瞄准水准尺,拧紧制动螺旋。
c、转动物镜对光螺旋进行对光,使尺子的影像清晰,并转动微动螺旋,使竖丝对准水准尺。
d、消除视差为了检验对光质量,可用眼睛在目镜后上下微微晃动,若发现十字丝与目标影像有相对移动,则须重新进行对光,直到眼睛上下移动而水准尺上读数不变为止。
④精确整平、读数
眼睛通过位于目镜左方的符合气泡观测窗看水准管气泡,右手转动微倾螺旋,使气泡两端的像吻合,即表示水准仪的视准轴已精确水平。这时,即可用十字丝的中丝在尺上读数。
四、水准测量检核
本次测量采用变更仪器高法进行检核。在测站上按前述方法读取前后视读数,求出两点高差后,变更(升高或降低)仪器的高度再重复测量一次高差(仪器的变更高度应大于10cm),两次高度之差不应超过规定的容许值6mm。满足要求时则取平均值作为观测站高差。否则,需要检查原因,重新观测。
五、水准测量内业(见表格)
第三章平面控制测量
一、仪器工具
dj6经纬仪一台,脚架1个,测钎1副,皮尺1把
二、水平角测量
1经纬仪的安置
经纬仪的安置,包括对中和整平两个内容
安置方法:
①用三角架架腿对中
使架头大致水平,架头中心大致对准测站标志,先在适当位置踩实一条架腿,两手分别握另外两条架腿,在移动架腿的同时,从光学对中器的目镜中观察,使对中器的十字丝中心对准测站标志为止。
②用三角架腿粗平
伸缩三角架的架腿,在移动架腿的同时,使基座圆水准泡居中,使照准部大致水平。
③脚螺旋精平,平移基座精确对中
④照准部大体水平后,可旋动脚螺旋使照准部水准管气泡居中,使照准部精确水平,检查仪器是否对中,如不对中,则平移基座,精确对中,在调脚螺旋进行照准部精平,如此反复直到精确对中和照准部精确水平为止。
2、测回法测水平角
①经纬仪安置好后,先将经纬仪竖盘放在盘左位置,松开水平制动扳扭,转动照准部,使望远镜大致瞄准a点上的标杆,然后,拧紧水平制动扳扭,用微动螺旋使望远镜精确的瞄准a点(一般瞄准标杆的底部)读取水平读盘读书a1,记入水平角观测记录手簿内
②松开水平制动扳扭,按顺时针方向转动照准部,用上述方法精确瞄准b点,读取水平度盘读数b1,记录,即完成半个测回。
③倒转望远镜,使竖盘位于盘右位置,这次用望远镜先精确瞄准b点,读取水平度盘读数b2,记录
④松开水平制动扳扭,逆时针方向转动照准部。用望远镜精确瞄准a点,读取水平度盘读数a2,记录。完成一个测回。
⑤进行第二个测回,盘左,用望远镜瞄准a点后,转动水平度盘使读数比原来读数增加90度,再按上述方法再测一个测回。这样可以减小由于水平度盘不平整所造成的误差。
3、水平角作业要求
测回数两个,半侧回归零差18″,同一方向值各测回较差24″,盘左盘右较差不能超过40″导线方位角闭合差40(n为测站数),导线全长相对闭合差1/3000、测水平角的测角中误差不能超过40″,若不能满足精度要求则需重测。
4、注意:在进行水平角测量时,每个测站保证每个测站的精度,做到步步有检核,这是我们顺利一次测完达到要求的法宝。
三、距离测量
1、仪器:钢尺
2、直线定线:当两点间的距离大于钢尺长度时,需分段丈量,故量距时和水平角测量同时进行。
3、量距:丈量工作由三人完成,两人拉钢尺一人记录。往返丈量各两次,其相对误差1/20xx,互差3mm。
四、内业计算
一、导线点坐标计算
注意事项:在内业计算前,先进行角度闭合差检验,根据各测回成果计算的闭合导线角度闭合差不得超过40″
1、闭合导线角度闭合差:
2、计算角度改正数:
3、计算改正后的角度:
4、推算方位角:
5、计算坐标增量:
6、计算坐标增量闭合差:
7、计算全长闭合差及其相对误差:
8、精度满足后,计算坐标增量改正数:
9、计算改正后的坐标增量
10、计算导线点的坐标
五、注意
在进行内业计算时,角度的改正数往往不能整除,所以改正数就不能平均分配,我们遵守的原则是大角度配大改正数,小角度配小改正数。
内业计算一定要认真,我们在计算时就由于抄错一个数导致后面描图出现大的误差,检查了很久才检查出来,是前面一个数据错了,并导致后面全错了,浪费了很多时间,所以内业计算一定要认真,仔细。
第四章地形图测绘
一、仪器
经纬仪、小平板仪、半圆仪、皮尺等
二、方法
极坐标定点法施测碎部点
三、步骤
1、测图前先准备好图纸,将图纸固定在图板上,按本图幅西南角坐标值在图上标出各坐标格网线的坐标,并展绘控制点。
2、在测站(假定测站的高程)安置经纬仪,量取仪器高。选择起始方向(零方向),并将水平度盘配置为0°00′00″
3、在图纸上找出测站位置,确定方向线,用小针将半圆仪圆孔中心钉在该测站点。标尺员按一定路线选择地形特征点并竖立视距尺,观测员瞄准标尺读出视距、中丝读数、水平度盘读数和竖盘读数。距离测量时,比较近的距离直接用皮尺量取水平距离。记录员算出水平距离、高程并报告给绘图员。绘图员根据数据绘出碎部点位置。
地貌点的测定要求:点与点之间的间距约10米。
4、及时将所测碎部点,连接绘成地物,勾绘等高线。对照实地进行检查。
5、按地形图图式的要求,描绘地物和地貌,并进行图面整饰、清洁。
第五章实习感想
为期5天的测量学实习已经结束。回顾这一周的实习生活,虽然不得不感受精疲力竭的真谛,可是我们在收获一种技能的同时,也收获了一段值得回味的经历。由于测量学是一门实践性很强的学科,而测量实习对培养学生思维和动手能力、掌握具体工作程序和内容起着相当重要的作用。我们的目的在于在测量实习中巩固课本中所学的知识,解决遗留的问题,发现学习中的不足,弥补遗漏掉的知识点。
每天早晨,我们抗拒疲劳,披星戴月,踩着朝露,扛着仪器,大刀阔斧的走向我们的实习基地;烈日下,我们挑战极限,在酷暑中,我们挥洒我们的汗水,展示我们的风采,相互交流。我们的不怕苦、不怕累,团结协作的精神,来自与我们对知识的渴望,来自与我们对建设祖国的强烈愿望。
通过这次实习我充分理解理论联系实际的重要性,理解理论并不代表能充分使用,在实际操作过程中我们遇到了很多问题,但经过我们的摸索,很多都克服了,不能独自克服的,我们也通过寻求其他同学和但看到我们的收获我们大家还是很高兴的。我觉得自己学到了很多的东西。对以前零零碎碎学的测量知识有了综合应用的机会。控制测量和地形图测绘过程的整体概念有了一个良好的了解,我学会了更熟练的使用水准仪、经纬仪等测量仪器与工具,对较好的掌握图根控制测量、地形图测绘的基本理论与方法,很好的巩固了理论教学知识,提高了实际操作的技能。原先老师在课堂上讲解的测量知识也都在实践中得到应用,并发挥了重要的作用,从而相互对照将我的测量知识和水平提高了不少,现在想来这场痛苦的实习是必要的。
同时在这场实习中让我再次认识到实习的团队精神的重要性:每个人的一个粗心,一个大意,都可能直接影响工程的进度,甚至是带来一生都无法弥补的损失。一次测量实习要完整的做完,单靠一个人的力量和构思是远远不够的,只有小组的合作和团结才能让实习快速而高效的完成。这次测量实习培养了我们小组的分工协作的能力,增进了同学之间的感情。虽然有时间我们会因为一些实习中的自己的想法和大家吵的耳红面赤,但大家都想着这样把要完成的这次实习完成的更加完美。
在这次的实习中我们对以前的学习又有了更深刻的认识:
1、水准测量。在完成这第一次的任务中我们就遇到了很多的问题。比如在出学校的时候遇到的问题主要是过往的车辆和人都直接影响了我们测量的正常进行,但在进行测量的过程中我们保持那种平静的心态来寻找合适的机会,来完成精细的工程测量。在检验所测数据的时候,做到发现错误立即解决对读数超线的时候立即返工,同时还发现第三测量工作一般都在规定的记录表格上如实地反映出测、算过程和结果,表格中有计算校核,∑a一∑b=∑h,这只说明计算无误,但不能反映测量成果的优劣。外业结束后,进行高差闭合差的计算,在限差允许的范围内,即按水准路线长度或测站数进行调整,若超过限差,必须重测。只到合格为止。
2、角度测量。在角度测量对于我们学生来说要求非常高,用的是j-6的仪器。这就要求我们一直都秉着做事严谨的作风,对于每一个细节都不能马虎。在每一个间歇点上,检验如果超限则立即返工重测。在实习中为了避免大的误差我们也都总结了不少经验,例如我们采用盘左和盘右观测取平均数的方法,可消除照准部偏心误差、视准轴不垂直于横轴、横轴不垂直于竖轴的残余误差。但竖轴倾斜误差不能采用此法消除。竖直角观测时采用此法可消除指标差的影响。又如在短边上的端点观测角度时要特别注意对中,照准目标时要尽量瞄准目标的底部,因为它们对测角的影响与距离成正比。为了消除度盘的刻划误差,需要配置度盘的位置,每测回变换进行配置。在角度测量时我们遇到的主要问题是主要是仪器下沉和路边行人带来的影响。过往的车辆行人都是很大干扰,所以有时候必须在人少的时候抓紧时间干。角度测量过程中,让我们都看到了严谨作风在干活中的重要性,经过角度测量后我们更好的团结到一块。
最后经过每个组员的和谐工作我们也完成了图的工作,看到我们花好的图大家也都兴奋不已。如今的测量也算接近尾声了,感觉收获真的不少,当然其中不乏老师的教诲和同学的帮助。今天还于我们组的同学交流测量中的经验大家感觉收获都很多,有的说仪器的展点很重要关系到误差的大小,对于架仪器及测量的速度可以说是一次飞跃,在我们面临各种问题的同时我们也学会了解决问题的方法。对于以后踏入社会有了一个很好的的接轨。感谢学校给我们的这次机会,让我们能更好的迎合社会需求。
这次实习不仅锻炼了实际的动手能力巩固了所学的理论知识,还充分加强了同学与同学、同学与老师之间的感情。我相信这一次实习一定会成为我们大家在大学生活中难以忘怀的美好记忆!
大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇四
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大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇五
通过实地的测量实习,巩固课堂所学的理论知识,熟练掌握水准仪、经纬仪的基本操作,掌握导线测量、三角高程测量、四等水准测量的观测和计算方法,学习如何进行实地的地形控制测量和地形图的展绘、拼接,在实习的同时也体验一下实际测量工作的生活、培养团队协作能力。
实习时间:
实习地点:xx省蚕桑茶叶研究所
实习人员:xx水利水电工程专业全体学生及老师
实习仪器:经纬仪,水准仪,水准尺,尺垫,计算器,记录本,三角板等
实习计划:踏勘选点一天,控制测量三天,控制点坐标计算和展绘一天,地形测量四天,拼图一天(计划十天,实际实习时间为九天)。
实习经历及体会:
20xx年xx月xx日上午,带着愉快的心情,坐上一路向南的汽车,开始了我们本学期的工程测量实习,这也是我们专业第三次的实习!一个多小时之后,我们来到了我们实习的目的地——江西省桑蚕茶叶研究所!
在这里不得不介绍一下江西省蚕桑茶叶研究所了,xx省蚕桑茶叶研究所始建于1958年,经50年的建设,现已发展成集蚕桑、茶叶科学研究与科技服务,农业良种繁育与推广,园林设计与苗木栽培及现代农业展示为一体的科研事业单位。所内主要经营项目有:蚕种培育、茶叶加工、苗木种植、园林设计和果树栽培等。我们所住的招待所周围空气清新,树木繁茂,山塘众多,地貌丰富,植被覆盖率超高,而且民风淳朴,安居乐业,的确是旅游观光、休闲度假的理想之地,是人民居住的天堂啊!
当日下午,在招待所门前,我们的欧阳老师简单地开了个动员大会,他重申了我们此次实习的意义和要求,强调了应当遵守的一些纪隶和安全事项,还为我们打气,鼓励我们勇敢机智面对将要到来的困难!接着马上就是踏勘选点,围绕着招待所外面的“8”字圈,我们选取了a·b两条线路,每条12个点,就这样,我们10几个小组被分成4路!
接下来的头3天是平面控制测量!我们小组先是用了一天半的时间完成角度测量,然后用一天半来完成高程测量。
1、用经纬仪来测角度,架设仪器:将经纬仪放置在架头上,使架头大致水平,旋紧连接螺旋。
2、对中:目的是使仪器中心与测站点位于同一铅垂线上。可以移动脚架、旋转脚螺旋使对中标志准确对准测站点的中心。
3、整平:目的是使仪器竖轴铅垂,水平度盘水平。根据水平角的定义,是两条方向线的夹角在水平面上的投影,所以水平度盘一定要水平。粗平:伸缩脚架腿,使圆水准气泡居中。检查并精确对中:检查对中标志是否偏离地面点。如果偏离了,旋松三角架上的连接螺旋,平移仪器基座使对中标志准确对准测站点的中心,拧紧连接螺旋。精平:旋转脚螺旋,使管水准气泡居中。
4、瞄准与读数:①目镜对光:目镜调焦使十字丝清晰。②瞄准和物镜对光:粗瞄目标,物镜调焦使目标清晰。注意消除视差。精瞄目标。③读数:调整照明反光镜,使读数窗亮度适中,旋转读数显微镜的目镜使刻划线清晰,然后读数。
用水准仪来测高程时,先将仪器的三脚架张开,使其高度适中,架头大致水平,并将脚架踩实;再开箱取出仪器,将其固连在三脚架上。对照仪器,指出准星、缺口、目镜及其调焦螺旋、物镜、对光螺旋、管水准仪、圆水准仪、制动和微动螺旋、微倾螺旋、脚螺旋等,了解其作用并熟悉其使用方法。对照水准尺,熟悉其分划注记并练习读数。
(1)粗平:双手食指和拇指各拧一只脚螺旋,同时以相反的方向转动,使圆水准器气泡向中间移动;再拧另一只脚螺旋,使圆气泡居中。若一次不能居中,可反复进行(观察左手拇指转动脚螺旋的方向与气泡移动方向之间的关系)。
(2)瞄准:在离仪器不远处选一点a,并在其上立一根水准尺;转动目镜调焦螺旋使十字丝清晰;松开制动螺旋,转动仪器,用缺口和准星大致瞄准a点水准尺,拧紧制动螺旋;转动对光螺旋看清水准尺;转动微动螺旋使水准尺位于视线中央;再转动对光螺旋,使目标清晰并消除视差(观察视差现象,练习消除方法)。
(3)精平:转动微倾螺旋,使符合水准管气泡两端的半影像吻合(成圆弧状),即水准管气泡居中(观察微倾螺旋转动方向与气泡移动方向之间的关系)。
(4)读数:从望远镜中观察十字丝横丝在水准尺上的分划位置,读取4位数字,即直接读出米(m)、分米(dm)、厘米(cm)的数值,估读毫米(mm)的数值,记为后视读数a。注意读数完毕时水准管气泡仍需居中。若不居中,应再资助精平,重新读数。
(5)分别在b、c、d等点立尺按(2)~(4)步读取前视读数b,记录。
(6)计算高差,h=a–b
(7)改变仪器高度或搬站再次观测a与b、c、d等的高差,进行比较。
第五天的控制点坐标计算和展绘工作,前面三天的测量我们历经辛苦,一边测量,一边记录~计算~检查~校对误差,最终很好地控制了误差,因此利用老师给出了b9点的三维坐标,很快地完成了坐标计算和展绘的工作!
最后的四天是碎部测量和地形图的描绘。首先进行碎部测量前的准备工作,在各导线控制点上测定碎部点,同时描绘地物和地貌。
我们小组采用的是dj6的经纬仪,进行碎部测量。将经纬仪安置在控制点上,测绘板安置于测站旁,用经纬仪测出碎部点方向与已知方向之间的水平夹角;再用视距测量方法测出测站到碎部点的水平距离及碎部点的高程;然后根据测定的水平角和水平距离,用量角器和比例尺将碎部点展绘在图纸上,并在点的右侧注记其高程。然后对照实地情况,按照地形图图式规定的符号绘出地形图。
在这里向讲下地形图的检查和整饰
(1)地形图的检查
在测图中,测量人员应做到随测随检查。为了确保成图的质量,在地形图测完后,必须对完成的成果成图资料进行严格的自检和互检。图的检查可分为室内检查和室外检查两部分。
①室内检查的内容有图面地物、地貌是否清晰易读,各种符号、注记是否正确,等高线与地貌特征点的高程是否相符等。
②野外检查是在室内检查的基础上进行重点抽查。检查方法分巡视检查和仪器检查两种。巡视检查时应携带测图板,根据室内检查的重点,按预定的巡视检查路线,进行实地对照查看。主要查看地物、地貌各要素测绘是否正确、齐全,取舍是否恰当。等高线的勾绘是否逼真,图式符号运用是否正确等;仪器设站检查是在室内检查和野外巡视检查的基础上进行的。除对发现的问题进行补测和修正外,还要对本测站所测地形进行检查,看所测地形图是否符合要求,如果发现点位的误差超限,应按正确的观测结果修正。
(2)地形图的整饰
原图经过检查后,还应按规定的地形图图式符号对地物、地貌进行清绘和整饰,使图面更加合理、清晰、美观。整饰的顺序是先图内后图外,先注记后符号,先地物后地貌。最后写出图名、比例尺、坐标系统及高程系统、施测单位、测绘者及施测日期等。
在此次工程测量实习的过程中,我们也遇到了一些困难和问题。刚开始的时候,我们担心自己测不好,要是让我摆弄水准仪和经纬仪,没什么问题。但想到实习最后是要地形测量和地形图的绘制,心里就没底了,觉得我们好难完成任务。但还好,我们的团结、默契,克服了测量中的种种问题,终于按时完成了任务。
以下是其中一些实际测量工作中遇到的问题:
1、准仪和经纬仪测量的过程当中,偶尔出现比较大的误差,经过我们对误差来源的分析后,再进行重新的测量和计算,误差减小到了允许的范围。
2、标尺时,需要立直,尽量避免晃动,有晃动时,应该选择数据最小的时候进行读取外,还应该选在合适而且重要的点。因此,选点是很重要的。点一定要选在有代表性的地方,同时要注意并非点越多越好,相反选取的无用点过多不但会增加工作量,浪费宝贵的时间,而且会因点多而杂乱产生较大的误差。
3、计算问题。计算必须由包括初步的计算和校核。在此过程当中,也还是出现了计算错误的问题,我们在不断的重复校核计算后算出了正确的数值,让误差达到了允许范围。
4、团结协作。刚开始的时候,分工不是很明确,所以耽误了工作时间。后来,我们吸取教训,分工明确,精诚合作,使得我们的工作速度和质量都有所提升。
5、每次读数前,定将长水准管气泡调平,则造成的误差会很大。
6、使单线与目标重合,如果目标有一定宽度,可以用双丝夹住目标。
7、进行量仪器高时候一定要小心,因为稍微碰了一下仪器,就要重新调整对中水平,否则就会导致数据错误,也可能导致仪器的损坏。
8、记录数据时,每位成员都要细心,既要看得准,还要果断,不能犹豫不决,任何一个错误都有可能导致最终的成果的错误。
9、道路和主要建筑物确定下来,然后在添加其余次要方面,这样不但条理清楚,有利于作图的准确和随时进行实物和图形的对比从而检验测量数据的准确与否。我们还要对所测过得范围能够做到胸中有数,避免漏测、重测。
通过此次在省蚕茶所的测量实习,我们培养了理论联系实际、分析问题和解决问题的能力以及实际动手操作能力,并培养了严格认真的科学态度、实事求是的工作作风、吃苦耐劳的精神和团结协作的能力,为今后从事实际测绘工作打下良好的基础。
通过这次实习工作,我从中学到了很多实实在在的东西,很多在课本上不可能学到的知识。在实践操作中,巩固、扩大和加深我们从课堂上所学的理论知识。对水准仪、经纬仪的操作也更加熟练,并提高了快速处理数据的计算能力。这些知识往往是我们在课堂很少接触、注意的,但又是十分重要、十分基础的知识。
xx月xx日上午,我们依依不舍地结束了在这里的短暂的实习生活,但我们收获了好多,包括对仪器的操作,团队精神以及了解了那里人民的生活!
大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇六
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大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇七
在这1个月里,刚开始就是跟着师傅,看师傅做,师傅缺什么,就给他拿,就是完全当助理,因为初期阶段让我独立做,我也做不来,因为根本没有经验,再加上仪器操作不熟练,很多地方不懂,所以才跟着师傅学,后来师傅偶尔就让我自己来,他就在旁边看我做,做不对的地方他就及时指出,师傅还经常给我们讲解工地上各种工种的职责,还经常教导我们帮别人的同时,得把自己的事忙完,其次你想干什么就干什么去,还给我们说了在工地上生活应该注意哪些问题。哪些人值得注意。
每天跟着师傅在现场东奔西跑,经常是抱着仪器的。太阳不管有多烈,我们总是顶着太阳,在现场进行测量,定位,累那自然不用说了,不过在辛苦的同时,我们也学到了许多在学校没有学到的,每天具体所作的就是在现场进行选点,而选点的要求是:安全性。便于安置仪器,考虑各种因素例如:地面湿滑、地面障碍物、来往物体等对人身和仪器安全的影响。实用性。点位间通视情况良好、不至于测了一两个点就要进行转点,便于测角量距。便利性。导线点选好后须做好标记,便于寻找与方便日后进行复测或者闭合时导点。而进行选点时,必须事先准备好大锤,铁钉,木桩。选好点后须将木桩打入地下,然后用铁钉在中间钉上,再利用喷漆,进行做标记,便于寻找。最后才把棱镜立于铁钉之上,进行测量坐标点。以外轴线作为基本纵横线,以绝对标高作为±0。00标高,分别将基本轴线标高引到临近建筑物上。 建筑物的垂直测量。 建立辅助轴线控制网。 建立施工线控制网,根据辅助轴线控制网画定墙边线、柱边线等施工线。 建筑物水平标高测量。 建筑物的高程控制采用分层传递法,根据±0。00标高线,将建筑物的标高引至一层柱的竖向钢筋面上,并以此层向上传递测量。 根据图纸算出各建筑物特征点与红线控制点间的距离、角度、高差等放样数据。依据线控制点,确定并布设施工控制网。依据施工控制网,测设建筑物的主轴线。最后进行建筑物的细部放样。上楼层后的轴线投测方法:经纬仪投测法(建筑物的平面控制网和主轴线是根据复核后的红线桩或平面控制坐标点来测设的,平面网的控制轴线应包括建筑物的主要轴线,间距宜为30~50m,并组成封闭图形,其量距精度要求较高,且向上投测的次数愈多,对距离测设精度要求愈高,一般不得低于1/1000,测角精度不得低于20),采用经纬仪进行投测。其工艺流程是:延长建筑物四周轴线至建筑物总高度外或附近建筑物顶面上→将经纬仪安置在延长的轴线上→按正倒镜分中,投测轴线。重复上述过程即可向上逐层投测。建筑物的定位放线以总平面图、红线图为依据,采用网点控制。根据测绘院所给出的控制桩的坐标,利用经纬仪将坐标网引入现场围墙内,作四个坐标控制桩,并妥善保护。将建筑物控制轴线延伸至围墙或混凝土地面上,并作可靠保护。为避免交叉轴线产生误用,凡横向的轴线用红色标志,纵向轴线用蓝色标志,四角必须设有不会移动的后视点。
下面介绍下1个月里我所学的测量方法以及仪器的使用。
高程控制测量,测量所用仪器是水准仪、全站仪。方法是:变更仪器高法。下面我介绍下水准仪的使用方法①安置水准仪:打开三角架使其高度适中。目估使架头大致水平。取出仪器置于三角架头上,将其用连接螺旋固定。将仪器置于两点之间。②粗略整平:先用双手同时内或外转动一对脚螺旋,这时气泡未居中而位于脚螺旋之间,再转动另一只脚螺旋使其居中。③瞄准水准尺:a、在瞄准水准尺之前,先进行目镜对光,使十字丝成像清晰。b、松开制动螺旋,转动望远镜,用望远镜筒上的照门和准星瞄准水准尺,拧紧制动螺旋。c、转动物镜对光螺旋进行对光,使尺子的影像清晰,并转动微动螺旋,使竖丝对准水准尺。d、消除视差为了检验对光质量,可用眼睛在目镜后上下微微晃动,若发现十字丝与目标影像有相对移动,则须重新进行对光,直到眼睛上下移动而水准尺上读数不变为止。④精确整平、读数:眼睛通过位于目镜左方的符合气泡观测窗看水准管气泡,右手转动微倾螺旋,使气泡两端的像吻合,即表示水准仪的视准轴已精确水平。这时,即可用十字丝的中丝在尺上读数。读出来的数据就是高程数据了。
高程检核:检核使用的方法是变更仪器高进行检核。在测站上按前述方法读取前、后视读书,求出两点高差后,变更(升高或降低)仪器的高度再重复测量一次高差,两次高度只差不应超过规定的容许值6mm。满足要求时则取平均值作为观测站高差。否则,需要检查原因,重新观测。
水平角测量:经纬仪的安置,包括对中和调平两个内容:①用三角架架腿对中:使架头大致水平,架头中心大致对准测站标志,先在适当位置踩实一条架腿,两手分别握另外两条架腿,在移动架腿的同时,从光学对中器的目镜中观察,使对中器的十字丝中心对准测站标志为止。②用三角架腿粗平“伸缩三角架的架腿,在移动架腿的同时,使基座圆水准泡居中,使照准部大致水平。③脚螺旋精平,,平移基座精确对中④照准部大体水平后,可旋动脚螺旋使照准部水准管气泡居中,使照准部精确水平检查仪器是否对中,如不对中,则平移基座,精确对中,在调脚螺旋进行照准部精平,如此反复直到精确对中和照准部精确水平为止。
测回法测水平角:①经纬仪安置好后,先将经纬仪竖盘放在盘左位置,松开水平制动扳扭,转动照准部,使望远镜大致瞄准a点上的标杆,然后,拧紧水平制动扳扭,用微动螺旋使望远镜精确的瞄准a点(一般瞄准标杆的底部)读取水平读盘读书a1,记入水平角观测记录手簿内。②松开水平制动扳扭,按顺时针方向转动照准部,用上述方法精确瞄准b点,读取水平度盘读数b1,记录,即完成半个测回。
③倒转望远镜,使竖盘位于盘右位置,这次用望远镜先精确瞄准b点,读取水平度盘读数b2,记录④松开水平制动扳扭,逆时针方向转动照准部。用望远镜精确瞄准a点,读取水平度盘读数a2,记录。完成一个测回。⑤进行第二个测回,盘左,用望远镜瞄准a点后,转动水平度盘使读数比原来读数增加90度,再按上述方法再测一个测回。这样可以减小由于水平度盘不平整所造成的误差。
水平角作业的要求:测回数两个,半侧回归零差18′,同一方向值各测回较差24′,盘左盘右较差不能超过40′导线方位角闭合差40 (n为测站数),导线全长相对闭合差1/3000。测水平角的测角中误差不能超过40′,若不能满足精度要求则需重测。程师傅3天2头就要嘱咐我们一次在进行水平角测量时,每个测站保证每个测站的精度,做到步步有检核,不能心浮气躁。
施工放样是在施工承包合同生效后按设计图纸进行的,施工放样前,测量人员应全面的熟悉设计文件及监理细则,接受监理工程师或设计单位交给的控制桩、水准点和设计院逐桩坐标资料及其他桩志。在监理工程师的下,设计单位按照图纸资料在现场直接向承包人交桩。若发现连续两个以上控制桩点丢失、损坏时,应要求设计单位补定。承包人在接到设计单位发出的桩位图及坐标、标高等数据并现场交桩后,应在规定期限内(一般14天)自己进行复核检测,检测过程中应进行旁站监理。如果没有错误且精度符合设计及施工的要求,应书面表示正式接受桩位,并负责以后的维护和使用。如承包人对任一测量标志及数据持有异议时,应由监理工程师提交一份表格,列出认为有错误的桩点位置和修正数据。承包人的复核检测成果应上报监理工程师审核,在监理工程师确认以前,不得作为控制点使用。
控制点选取后,在地面上做好标记,对于需要长期保存的导线点,应埋入石桩或混凝土桩,刻凿十字作为标志,通过两个已知点测出该点的角度距离和高差,并闭合到另一个导线点。利用正倒镜的测法,算出平差,再确定该点的坐标,做好成果记录。以保证所移交的控制桩、点资料的正确。
控制网点的加密
设计单位提交的导线点、水准点是设计阶段为满足设计要求建立的,并不能完全保证施工现场测量施样的需要,且其中有些桩点在施工过程中会被覆盖、破坏而消失。因此,在开工前,测量人员开展好加密控制网点的工作,以保证路线及构造物各部位都能准确定位及施工过程个别桩位丢失后也能有足够的精度恢复桩位。测量人员正式接受导线点、水准点桩位后,应根据现场情况及施工技术规范要求,立即开展施工测量控制网点的加密工作。加密控制网点的埋桩、测量、建网和计算由测量人独立完成。完成此项工作的人员要有合格的资历和工作经验,使用的仪器必须经过检验标定,符合精度要求。拟定加密控制网点测设方安案。测量人完成加密控制网点工作后,应书面向监理工程师提交报告和计算资料。监理工程师复核检测结果进行审核,认为准确无误,精度符合要求后,可以使用。
施工放样复核
测量人员应按设计要求将公路线路、构造物的位置及高程正确地定到地面上。为防止施工放样测量发生错误,给工程带来损失,施工测量控制网点已完善并经监理工程师批准后,可以开始做具体分项工程的施工放样工作。在测量放样开始前,测量人应提交一份测量放样计划方案,测量放样过程中监理人员应旁站,以保证施工放样方法及测读无误。放样测量的报检表和原始记录应在施工开始前交监理工程师审核签认。首先,编制测量方案,在施工测量过程中均要按批准的方案实施,且先进行自检、互检,合格后再请监理人员复核。
大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇八
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大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇九
实习时间:11月2日
实习地点:东校区操场
实习目的:在管水准气泡居中时,水准轴和视准轴都应是水平的。当二者不平行时,存在一个很小的夹角i,显然,管水准器整平视,视准轴并未水平,而与水平线有一个很小的夹角i。所以由于i角的存在,所以在水准测量中会存在一定的误差,从而影响测量的精度。需要我们对水准仪的i角进行检核,掌握水准仪的安置、瞄准、精平、读数、记录和计算高差的方法。
实习任务:完成水准仪的常规检核项目
实习过程:1.选择场地架仪器。2.粗整平,先用双手按相对(或相反)方向旋转一对螺旋,观察圆水准气泡移动方向与左手拇指运动方向之间运行规律,再用左手旋转第三个脚螺旋,经过反复调整使圆水准气泡居中。3.瞄准,先将望远镜对准明亮背景,旋转目镜调焦螺旋,使十字丝清晰;再用望远镜瞄准器照准竖立于测点的水准尺,旋转对光螺旋进行对光;最后旋转微动螺旋,使十字丝竖丝位于水准尺中线位置上或尺边线上,完成对光。4.精平,旋转微倾螺旋,从符合式气泡观察气泡的移动,使两端气泡吻合。5.读数,用十字丝中丝读取米、分米、厘米、估读出毫米位数字,并用铅笔记录。8计算,读取立于两个或更多测点上的水准尺读数,并计算不同的高差。
实习时间:11月3日实习地点:
东校区实习目的:
1.根据测区情况和控制点状况进行合理的选点与导线布设。
2.掌握外业测量的方法资料的检查方法及过程。
3.掌握内业的成果的计算步骤和方法。
4.熟悉测量成果的质量分析喝和处理方法。
实习任务:完成外业观测并检查观测成果绘制计算草图,抄录控制点的已知数据,分别计算各导线边往、返测平距、闭合导线或附合导线方位角、坐标增量的闭合差的计算方法及概算。平差计算。实习过程:找到控制点,任取一点作为起始点按同一方向进行,根据测去的范围及测图要求确定布网方案,点位选好之后,应立即做好点的标记,若在水泥等较硬的地面上可用油漆“十字”标记。在点位旁边的固定地物上用油漆标明导线点的位置并编写点好。导线转折角的测量,导线转折角是由相邻边构成的水平角。一般测定导线推算方向的左角,闭合导线大多测内角。对中误差应不超过3毫米,水平角上下半侧回角值之差应不超过30〞,否则,应予以重新测量。导线角度闭合差应不超过±24〞 .。
实习时间:11月9日
实习地点:东校区
实习目的:
掌握水平角方向观测法的观测、记录和计算。了解方向观测法的精度要求及重测原则。
实习任务:在校园内选择一控制点做测站点,距测站点约80米长的的场地上选择另两点作为照准点,在照准点上分别架觇板,用dj11经纬仪按要求测量其水平角两测回。
实习过程:
1.在o点安置经纬仪,选取一方向作为起始零方向,如a方向。2.盘左位置照准a方向上的目标,拨动水平度盘变换手轮,将a方向的水平度盘读数设置在00 02左右,然后顺时针转动照准部2周,重新照准a方向并读取水平度盘读数,江都数值记入表中。 3.顺时针方向旋转照准部准确照准b方向上的目标,读取水平度盘读数,将读数值记入表中,至此完成了上半侧回。4.盘右位置逆时针旋转照准部照准b方向,读取水平度盘读数,将读数记入表中。5.逆时针方向旋转照准部照准a方向,读取水平度盘读数,将读数记入表中,至此完成下半测回,上下半侧回称为水平角的一个测回。
大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇十
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大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇十一
前言
测量学是一门实践性很强的技术课程,通过本课程的学习,学生应掌握测量学的基础理论知识,掌握大比例尺地形图的测绘方法,掌握地形图的识读和应用,能正确使用常规测量仪器(罗盘仪、经纬仪、水准仪、皮尺等)进行普通测量工作,并能对测量仪器进行基本的检验与校正,同时能熟练的应用地形图进行其他专业相关的规划、设计工作。测量学教学实习是课堂教学结束之后在实习场地集中进行的测绘生产实践性教学,是各项课间实验的综合应用,也是巩固和深化课堂所学知识的必要环节。
一、实习目的、要求、任务以及注意事项
1、目的
测量学教学实习的目的是使学生理论联系实际,获得实际测量工作的初步经验和基本技能,着重培养学生分析和解决问题和独立工作的能力,熟练掌握测量仪器的操作技能,提高计算和绘图能力,对测绘小区域大比例尺地形图、施工测量的全过程获得全面和系统的认识;同时培养学生团队协作的能力、训练和增强吃苦耐劳精神。
2、要求
(1)掌握全站仪、水准仪、罗盘仪的使用方法;掌握角度、距离及高程的测定和测设方法。
(2)掌握大比例尺地形图测绘的步骤和方法。
(3)掌握施工放样的基本方法。
3、任务
在实习过程中,所有外业观测的数据必须记在观测手薄(规定的表格)上,如遇测错、记错或超限应按规定的方法改正,内业计算也应在规定的表格上进行。全部实习结束时,应对成果资料进行编号。
(1)小组上交成果及资料:
①导线略图、平面和高程控制测量外业记录手薄、碎部测量记录、计算手薄;
②1:500比例尺的地形图一幅;
③平面和高程控制测量的平差计算表格和成果;
(2)个人应交资料:实习报告。
(3)成果提交方式
每个组的所有资料收齐后,集中在一起上交。
4、实习安全措施及注意事项
为使教学实习顺利进行,要求参加实习的学生做到以下几点:
(1)每个组的组员要团结协作,思想上高度重视,学好技术,保证质量,认真总结。
(2)严格服从老师的安排,严格遵守实习纪律,实习期间,不得随意缺勤,如若有急事,需向有关指导老师请假,病假需有医生证明,事假应经教师批准。
(3)安全第一,注意人身和仪器安全。保证人身安全,爱护仪器和工具,注意仪器的防雨、防晒,不坐仪器箱,搬站时仪器入箱、锁好。
(4)注意仪器箱、尺垫等小件不要丢失。
二、实习内容
(一)测区踏勘选点
在指定的测区进行踏勘,熟悉测区施测条件。根据测区范围和测图要求确定布网方案进行选点。选点的密度,应能覆盖整个测区,便于碎部测量,一般要求相邻点之间的距离在30~170m之间,相邻导线边长大致相等。控制点的位置应选在土质坚实便于保存标志和安置仪器,通视良好便于测角和测距,视野开阔便于施测碎部之处。如果测区内有已知点,则所选图根控制点应包括已知点。点位选定之后,用木桩标定下来,桩顶钉上小钉作出标记,并编号。
(二)平面控制测量
在测区实地踏勘、选点后,将控制点布设成闭会导线的形式。在控制点上进行观测,经过内业计算获得平面坐标。
1、水平角测量
在每个控制点上用南方nts362全站仪观测1测回,每测回的精度要求上下半测回互差小于40"。导线网角度闭合差的限差为,n为导线的测角
数。
2、边长测量
用南方nts362全站仪测量,要求往、返测量,在平坦地区边长相对误差的限差为1/3000,特殊困难地区限差可放宽为1/1000、导线全长相对闭合差的限差一般为1/20xx、
3、连测
当测区内有已知点时,应尽可能与所设图根控制点进行连测,这样可使图根控制网纳入统一的坐标系统。对于独立测区可用罗盘仪测定控制网一条边的磁方位角,并假定一个控制点的坐标作为起算数据。
4、平面坐标计算
首先校核外业观测数据,在观测成果合格的情况下进行闭合差平差,然后由起算数据推算各控制点的平面坐标。计算方法根据布网形式查阅教材有关章节。计算中角度取至秒,边长和坐标值取至厘米。
(三)高程控制测量1、水准测量
采用图根水准测量的方法(后-后-前-前)测定图根点的高程。
各站采用双面尺法或两次仪器高法进行观测,并取平均值作为该站的高差。
图根水准测量的技术指标为视线长度小于100m,同测站两次高差的差数不大于6mm,路线允许高差闭合差为(mm),式中n为测站数。
2、高程计算
对路线闭合差进行平差计算,由已知点高程推算各图根点高程。观测和计算单位取至毫米,最后成果取至厘米。
(四)大比例尺地形图的测绘
首先进行测图前的准备工作,按教师指导的方法在各图根点设站测定碎部点,同时展绘地形地物。
1、准备工作
在图纸上绘制坐标方格网,纵横线间隔为10cm,线粗为0、1mm;要求方格网实际长度与名义长度之差不超过0、2mm,图廓对角线长度与理论长度之差不超过0、3mm。
根据控制点的平面和高程成果,展绘到图上,要求控制点间的图上长度与坐标反算长度之差不超过0、3mm。
2、测绘方法
测绘方法采用全站仪极坐标法测图
(五)地形图的拼接、检查和整饰
1、拼接
每幅地形图应测出图廓外0、5~1、0cm。与相邻图幅接边时的容许误差:对一般地区而言,主要地物不应大于1、2mm,次要地物不应大于1、6mm,对丘陵地区或山区的等高线不应超过1~1、5根。如果这项实习属无图拼接,则可不进行此项工作。
2、检查
先进行图面检查。查看图面上接边是否正确、连线是否矛盾、符号是否搞错、名称注记有无遗漏、等高线与高程点有无矛盾,发现问题应记录,便于野外检查时核对。野外检查时应对照地形图如实地全面核对,例如图上地物形状与位置是否与实地一致,地物是否遗漏,名称、注记是否正确齐全,等高线的形状、走向是否正确,若发现问题,应设站检查或补测。
3、整饰
按照大比例尺地形图图式规定的符号,用铅笔对原图进行整饰,整饰的一般顺序为:内图廓线、控制点、独立地物、主要地物、次要地物、高程注记、等高线、植被、名称注记、外图廓线及图廓外注记等。要求达到真实、准确、清晰,美观。
图廓线外正上方写明测区名称和图幅号,正下方写明测图比例尺;在图廓线外右下方写明测图班组成员姓名及测图日期。
三、实习总结
在老师的指导下,我们完成了为期5天的《测量学》实习。在这5天里,我们顺利完成了实习的要求及任务。虽然,大家在实习过程中都曾感觉到累,但累并快乐着,我们享受着这个完整的实习过程,心里很充实。现将我个人总结如下:
(一)实习所做工作
实习中,我参与了整个实习过程。
1、踏勘选点,标注临时点;
2、高程测量记录计算;
3、碎部点测量数据记录、立花杆;
4、平差计算,展绘碎部点,绘制地形图,检查和整饰。
(二)实习中存在问题及解决办法
1、进行平面控制侧量时由于操作方法不当导致此步骤重复测量了两次。
由于大家开始时对平面控制测量方法理解模糊,导致测量人员也并没有按正确方法测量,第一次测量结果错误。第二次测量时,我们的边长测量和水平角测量都采用的是反光棱镜,致使测量误差过大,超出了限差范围。
在第一次测量错误过后,大家一起讨论并同时询问了老师,找出了正确的测量方法。由于第二次测量误差过大,为此大家一起总结出了问题的所在,决定将棱镜换成花干,再从新测量。最后结果终于达到要求。
2、在测量碎部点时,我们并没有搞清楚是否要测量碎部点的高程,导致棱镜的安放位置有所争论。
因为并没有弄清楚是否要测碎部点的高程,在开始准备测量碎部点时,大家的意见不合。在测与不测之间,我们就考虑的棱镜究竟该如何安放,比如在测花坛边角时是该放在角点还是放在花坛棱角上。
经过大家的争论后,决定记录数据时除了记录角度和平距外,再把h也记录下来,并把棱镜放棱角上。这样如果要测量高程,我们就采用h,如果不测,对我们的数据结果也没影响。当然,通过后面和其他组的交流,我们确定本组并不需要测量高程,于是后面工作顺利进行。
3、全站仪瞄对碎部点时,视线中有遮挡物。
在进行物镜与反光棱镜的对中瞄准时,视线中出现遮挡,遮挡物大部分是树、树枝或树叶。当然,解决的问题很笨拙也很简单,在瞄准时,只能让两个同学非力气把树枝拉开,如果实在不行,就只能放弃该碎部点的测量,继续进行下一个。当然,会出现这种状况,也是以为没有正确全面地选好碎部点。
4、碎部点展绘时较凌乱
在展绘碎部点时,为了尽量保持画面清洁、干净,我们在展绘碎部点时并没有把碎部点序号标上去,加上我们用量角器确定角度方向时也是用点作的记号,导致点号弄混。
因为我们所测的碎部点比较多,所以我们采用将碎部点分组的办法来进行展绘,将一个地物的碎部点分成一组或一个小区域分成一组,这样就可以避免混乱。
(三)个人心得
通过此次实习,我不仅巩固了以前学过的知识,而且还在实习中弄懂了以前不懂的知识,得到了新的体会。此次实习,让我更加熟悉了水准仪、全站仪等仪器的操作方法,数据的计算处理以及误差的检验等。
五天实习对于我们来说是一个漫长的过程,但同时也是我们成长收获的过程。我们既体会到了失败的痛苦,也体会到了成功的喜悦。第一次测量,我们没做好,第二次测量,我们依然没做好。但是,正是因为有了前两次的失败,第三次测量,我们获得了意想不到的结果,数据的精确度,是我们难以预料的准确。多次的反复操作,使我们熟悉掌握了仪器的操作过程,虽然前阶段我们的进度很慢,但到最后我们是最先一组完成测量任务的。付出了就一定会有收获。只要肯努力,肯付出,肯坚持,就一定能克服困难!
当然,这次实习的顺利完成,离不开组里的每一个人。有了大家的团结,我们才能顺利完成此次实习。虽然,在实习过程中我们有过争论,但我们都是朝着同一个方向、同一个目标的,我们都是为了做好实习工作。团结就是力量,我更加领悟到了团队精神的重要性。
总之,此次实习的顺利完成离不开同学间的合作,也离不开老师耐心的指导。实习是一个实践的过程,只有把理论正确地运用到实践中去,才能真正地掌握我们的所学。
大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇十二
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大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇十三
一.前言
20xx年12月19日至12月30日,学院组织了土木工程部分班级的实习工作。在实习老师的带领下,我们以测量员的身份,以x大学西校园靠大门西侧的商学院附近为实习场所,参加了地形图的测绘以及施工放样的实习工作。实习是土木工程的学习流程中必不可缺的环节,它让我们巩固了学习的内容,把理论投入到应用中,做到学习与实践的统一的同时,也为大学毕业后的工作打下了良好基础。经过两周的实习,我们顺利地完成了实习任务。
二.实习内容
12月19日,我们来到了土木试验楼底集合。在人员到齐后,领了本次实习工作中的全部仪器。之后来到了实习地点——商学院附近的草坪,在了解了第一个实习任务后,我们立马行动起来。
2.1控制测量
2.1.1踩点选点
在开展正式测量工作之前,我们跟着实习老师进行了踩点选点工作。通过参考往届学长学姐们画的地形图样图,我大致了解了测区范围,在心里留了个底。拿着铁锤和木桩,我们连同几名组员一起,首先把公共点b-1定了下来。在大致按照测区的外围,逆时针走了一圈后,控制点就基本定下来了,但是由于没有经验,我们组的点位没有选好,导致给后面的测量工作增添了一定的麻烦。
控制网大致示意图如下:
控制区面积约为62500m2
其中有两个已知控制点
一个公共控制点
地形图规格为50 x 50 cm
比例尺为1:500
2.1.2水准测量
根据事先安排好的顺序,第一天是第7组使用全站仪测控制点的坐标,所以我们组先开展了水准测量的工作。
使用到的仪器:水准仪,水准尺;测量方法:水准测量;测站检核方法:双面尺法;路线:附和;起点:a014,终点:a015;ao14到a015的高差h=-843mm;fh容=±29.4mm,fh=-17mm,成果合格;测量目的:测量出各控制点的高程。
因为之前做好了预习工作,所以在开始自由测量后,我们迅速进入了工作状态,开始回忆操作步骤,同时分配好组员的任务,依照实习要求,轮流负责立尺,仪器设置,读数,记录和计算。
测量的大致步骤为:
1、在已知高程点和未知点的连线的垂直平分线的一个位置上安置仪器;
2.由立尺的人员在后视点立尺,读数的人员瞄准后读数;
3.记录,翻转尺面,重复步骤2;
4.在前视点,重复步骤2、3;
5,计算,红黑面高差差不超过5mm即为该测站测量合格。
测量第一个任务过程比较顺利,没有出什么大差错,唯一的问题就是因为两点之间的遮挡物过多,影响了读数的速度。在整理并验算后,误差在容许范围之内,水准测量的工作顺利结束。
2.1.3水平角测量
本组开展水平角测量工作的时候已经是第三天早上,时间较紧,因为第二天早上全站仪的误差过大,接着下午考试,所以进度拖慢了一天(具体后述)。
使用到的仪器:经纬仪,铁钎,花杆;测量方法:测回法;路线:闭合(a014);σβ测=899°59′09″,σβ理=180(7-2)=900°;f=-51″,f容=±0°2′39″,
成果合格;测量目的:测量闭合路线各内角角值。
进度的滞后,使得组员都处于比较紧张的状态之中,担心角度测量再次出差错并返工重测。吸取了全站仪的教训,我在测量前做足了准备工作,将测回发的步骤熟记于心:
1、在测站上安置好仪器,包括对中整平;
2.盘左位置,精确瞄准左方目标a,配置水平读盘为0°00′00″或者稍大位置(置零);
3.松开水平制动,顺时针转动仪器,精确瞄准右方目标b,读数;
4.盘右位置,瞄准右方目标b,读数,松开水平制动,逆时针旋转仪器,瞄准左方目标a,读数;
5.验核计算β左-β右≤40″,取β=(β左+β右)。
在该项任务上,我们组出现了一点失误,具体为,在第一个角度测量的左方目标与最后一个角度测量的右方目标不同,导致最后在验算时差了测量值与理论值30多度,着实让我们士气低下,还好不久之后就发现了错误,验算后也在误差范围之内,算是虚惊一场,也让我们知道了在注重速度的同时要更加细心的道理。还有一个问题就是,a014这个已知控制点太热门,导致我们大组的三个组和其他班的一个组都想使用,效率变得很低。
2.2碎部测量
2.2.1控制点坐标测量
在第二天早上,轮到我们组使用全站仪测量控制点的坐标,因为在第一次使用时,事先复习不到位,所以效率比较低,并且最后出现了误差过大的错误而返工重测第二次。
使用到的仪器:全站仪,量衣尺,花杆,铁钎,棱镜;测量方法:极坐标发;路线:闭合(a014);相对中误差k=1/26896,容许误差k容=1/20xx,成果合格;测量目的:测量出各控制点的坐标,以供展点。
全站仪的大致使用步骤为:
1.在控制点上安置仪器,包括对中整平,量取并记录仪器高;
2.设置仪器,输入测站点坐标,后视点坐标,瞄准后视点定向;
3.将棱镜立在后视点,量取并记录棱镜高;
4.对准棱镜,测量,记录数据;
5.换下一站,重做步骤1~4;
6.结果检核,计算相对中误差。
第一次测量是,结果与已经坐标x数据相差3m之多,使得我们一个早上的工作化为浮云,经过回忆思考,总结出出错的原因:后视点的定向不准,因为控制点之间遮挡物(主要为汽车)太多,所以我们使用了花杆来定向,在瞄准的时候又只能瞄准花杆顶部,导致了定向误差,而误差的不断累积,就超出了容许范围。
第四天一早,(因为其中一组在第三天时全站仪返工了两次,所以第三天没能够使用)我们7点半不到就拿着器材来到了测区,为的是在汽车来到停车位挡住视线之前测完。第一次测量的熟练度加上更加细心的操作,第二次测量得到了一组令人满意的数据,并将控制点展绘到了图纸上,为接下来长达五天的碎步测量打下基础。
2.2.2碎部测量
我们组马不停蹄地开始了碎步测量的工作,之前所做的一切都是为了这项任务——绘制地形图。这是一项重复工作多,考验耐心和组员间的配合的工作,所以身为组长的我考虑好了组员间的分工,以求达到最高效率和最好质量。
使用到的仪器:经纬仪,量衣尺,水准尺;测量方法:极坐标法;测量目的:测绘地形图;图纸比例尺:1:500;个人主要负责工作:刺点、指挥。
主要步骤:
一、安置仪器,在选定的测站上对中整平仪器,并用量衣尺量取仪器高i;
二、定向,瞄准另一个控制点,配置水平度盘为0°00′00″;
三、跑尺,依次将尺子立于地物、地貌特征点上;
四、观测,依次瞄准立尺,读取:水平角β、视距kl、中丝读数v、竖盘读数l;
五、记录,依次记录以上数据;
六、计算,计算平距d=klcos2α,竖直角α=90°-l,高程h=h0+dtanα+i-v;
七、刺点,利用量角器,两脚规,根据d、β把立尺点的位置展绘到图纸上,并在点旁边标注高程,同时随手连线相关点而成地物轮廓。
测量的一开始,我们组内配合不够效率,集中表现为立尺读数的速度不够快,我刺点也刺错位置。但在磨合协调后,效率渐渐的有了提高,整个步骤下来如行云流水一般顺畅,也使得我们追上了其他组的进度。
到了12月26号,四个组之间的进度基本持平,就剩商学院旁边的绿地部分没画,因为地形复杂,所以第7组的组长提出再多设几个公共控制点。于是我们用26号下午把控制点找了出来,为最终阶段的测量做好准备。
在12月28号,我们组完成了全部的碎步测量工作,历时5天。
2.3施工放样
2.3.1建筑物轴线放样
结束了测绘工作,我们开始进行测设。因为之前的实验课我们班没有做过测设,所以在听老师讲的时候心里有点悬,不过理清之后觉得比碎步轻松得多。
设计图:
放样参数:
规格:20m x 30m
放样方法:通过已经测量控制点放样
使用器材:经纬仪,钢尺,铁锤,木桩
测量目的:把建筑物主要轴线在地面上标定出来
距离中误差k=1/6667<1/20xx,合格
大致步骤:1.在地形图上画好所需放样的主要轴线,计算出靠近控制点的两点的坐标和方位角,再根据控制点和一个已知方向,求出水平角;2.用经纬仪测设出角度,用钢尺和木桩测设出距离;3.测设完成后用经纬仪和钢尺检验角度和各边距离,求出相对中误差。
这个测设任务在检核的时候,我们组的误差过大,与理论值差了3厘米,不过当时因为知道理论值,所以很快找出了问题所在。
2.3.2圆曲线测设
圆曲线测设与轴线放样有异曲同工之处,所以上手比较快。
设计图:
放样参数:
偏角α=60°
设计半径r=20m
曲线长l=20.994m
切线长t=11.547m
外矢距e=3.094m
切曲差
q=2.15m
大致步骤:将经纬仪安置在交点处,从交点沿着两切线方向分别测设切线长t,可以定出zy和yz点,沿转向角α的内角平分线方向测设外矢距e定出qz点。
该项任务之中没出差错,顺利完成。
2.3.3高程测设
测量结束的倒数第二天,我们进行的是高程测设和土方量计算。
设计图:
设计参数:
已知高程点a014,h=77.380m
后视读数a=1.472m
测设高差+0.7m
设计高程h设=78.080
应读前视b=0.772m
大致步骤:
1、在已知点a与测设点b之间安置粗平仪器,并瞄准已知点立尺读取中丝读数a;
2.计算立尺立于h设=上时的应读前视读数b;
3.实地操作,将尺立于b点上的竖直面,在读数人的指挥下,上下移动立尺,知道尺子上读数为b为止,此时沿尺底用铅笔划线,即为h设。
在检核时,我们组的数据误差过大,因为每一条标高先都是不同同学测设的,所以比较容易找出问题所在,另外我们组犯的错误是用粉笔划线,导致不好量距检核。
2.3.4土方计算
因为场地不够,我们只能在纸上联系土方量的计算。
大致步骤:
1、计算设计标高,计算出各格的平均高程,再求出算数平均值,即为设计标高;
2.计算施工高度,施工高度=地面高程-设计标高;
3.绘出施工零线,不填不挖的边界线,称为施工零线;
4.计算各格土方,v=hxs;5.检核,填方量与挖方量之差<500m3。
具体见表格。
2.4仪器考核
实习最后一天的内容是仪器考核,8分钟内用经纬仪测角度一个测回。因为组长要第一个先考,所以不免有些紧张,导致选点错误,选了一个很难瞄准的铁钎,浪费了不少时间。还好最后在8分钟之内完成了考核。
至此,实习就算正式结束。
三.心得体会
每当到了测量实习期间,西大里面都会有一道独特的风景线,起早贪黑,背着器材,到处跑。现在化身为这道风景线,百感交集。
测量是一门综合性很强的学科,它不仅考验了一个人理论学习的能力,还需要很强的实践能力,可以说是理论结合实践的体现。
除去专业技能的锻炼和提高不说,这两周的实习给我最大的感觉是辛苦。这里的辛苦,不是指身体上的累,而是精神上的辛苦。因为在实习的同时还要参加期末考试,所以经常是天黑后迷迷糊糊地去吃饭然后马上直奔图书馆了。不知道学院能否调整一下实习时间,让考试和实习交错开来。
其次,我更加明白了无论是现在的学习还是以后的工作工程中,细心的重要性。因为粗心而犯的错,小则只用涂掉重写,大则返工重做。正所谓“态度决定一切。”
无论是作为一名组长还是一名测量人员,耐心也是一个必不可缺的素质。在实习过程中,重复工作较多(尤其是碎部测量),一直做下去会容易心烦,一心烦就容易出错,一出场又容易心烦这样的恶性循环。而与组员之间的交流也需要耐心,因为不能理解对方的真正想法而出现矛盾的情况也时有发生。
虽然很辛苦,但是这次实习机会对我们来说非常宝贵,也给我们尝到土木工作者的艰辛,为以后工作打下了良好基础并让我们做好心理准备。
大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇十四
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大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇十五
工程测量实习,作为土木工程专业一门基本的必修专业实践课,对我们学土木工程专业学生来说,它的重要性不言而喻。学测量不仅是获取书本的理论知识,更是培养我们的动手操作能力和对课本理论知识的深入理解总结,以及体会测量思想“从控制到碎部,从整体到局部,步步检核”等原则对工程测量的指导意义。这项技能的熟练掌握对将来走向工地有极大的帮助,毕竟国内高校给予学子实践的机会远不足以满足学生的需求,为此,我们必须在有限的机会创造的知识收益。当然我们还可以通过测量实习这个平台,改善我们的思维结构,培养合作精神和领导能力。
此次实习由院里统一组织,老师亲自带队指导,学生自主讨论交流操作完成定期下达的任务。吴祖海教授这次担任我们的指导老师,常来我们宿舍为我们解决实习过程中遇到的问题,并授以工作中的经验,激发我们的兴趣,使在实习过程中不再盲目。天气是一个重要影响因素,期间,有下雨和大晴天,我们都需要认真处理这些工地测量中经常遇到的气候条件变化。下雨时和大晴天日光较强烈时,撑伞的要求是仪器先于人;全站仪等仪器的参数设置应遵循规范中的规定;避免地基沉陷等问题的出现,确保测量任务高效高质完成。各周的任务在前周周五或周末安排,周末的时候检查资料,这样我们每个学生能够更好的充实自己的理论知识,检查在测量过程所出现的问题。虽然这一个月艰苦而有益的工程测量实习结束了,不过在这四个星期里对我们真的是一种考验,期间有苦有累,也有甜有快乐;期间有困难有障碍,也有极大的收获以及更多的理论知识联系实践能力的提高。苦中作乐形容毫不为过。
在测量实习开始之前,我把工程测量的课本从头至尾认真复习了一遍,以便于站在一个理论者的高度,去做生产实践。
野外实习采取的方式为模拟工地,野外即校园内西大门到世纪楼以及周边建筑物一大片区域。这种模拟也有模拟的优势,能全面地把现场工地的问题缩小到一个相对小的区域,可以节省时间并减少实习花费。不管如何,实习都是一项快乐的活,起码告别宿舍显示屏的强烈辐射,亲近自然,铁道校园在我眼里是愈来愈可爱。
第一周任务是高程测量及导线测量。高程测量简单而容易操作,方位角的确定我们采用坐标方位角,我们完成的快而顺利。导线测量由于精度要求高,要进行较繁杂的数据处理,但这些并不影响进度,用李小龙的名言是“快,准。”,没有狠字是因为对仪器必须温柔,要和仪器融为一体是测量的境界。任何时候都不要忘了课本知识,遇到问题可以参考课本,可以询问老师,可以与同学讨论。一系列的动作是高效完成任务的必要条件。在完成过程中借鉴课堂学习的知识,这项任务中前期我和一位组员进行高程测量配合其他组员参与导线测量,在全过程中计算各项数据,受益颇丰。
第二周任务是局部地形图测绘。地形图的测绘对跑尺员要求较高,跑尺的好坏直接关系到成果的好坏和进度,我毛遂自荐,挑起这个担子,另外还负责部分的一起操作。仪器的架设也是一门硬功夫,必须扎扎实实,如前所说,必须交好仪器这个朋友,和仪器换心,才能达到交融的极致。操作仪器,对中整平观测记录(手记与电脑存储)工作贯穿测量的始末,务必注重对细节的重视。这项任务需要我们小组每个人的积极配合才能完成的顺利快捷,小组成员积极合作最终快速完成任务。在这项任务中,我做过协调员、司镜员、跑尺员、检查员、绘图员即每项工作都参与其中,测量中辛劳难免,却不足以阻碍测量的步伐,周末由于天佑班课课程较多,有效工作时间短了,做好测量这份工作更需要默契配合。上周的任务是放控制点,这周虽对精度要求相对来说不是很高,由于任务量较大,工作马虎不得。完成之后,自然对地形图测绘的感性认识提高很大,选导线点的经验也有很大长进,地形图牵涉到cass软件的应用,主要绘图工作由另一组员负责,当然学到一个软件也是一个重要的收获。
第三周任务则是线路定测。我们小组先实地踏勘,选择线路顾及经济和含金量。选线完毕后,全体进行内页计算,内页计算量大,我们经过计算以及精心核对确认准确无误后才开始放样。外业工作两天内搞定,打桩是个苦活,为考虑行人,把桩往里敲费了不少功夫。最后一天的纵断面测量,横断面测量。对于这两项外页测量我们对仪器操作以及检查核对步骤进行了探索验证,随后开始开工测量,最后处理数据绘图。在这项任务中我积极全面参与,理解并加深了纵横断面的理论和实践各方面的知识。
第四周我们的实习内容是桥控网的测量,我们小组进行了三天就完成了任务。我们做的很快,完成的很轻松,同时,感觉实习增强了信心,感觉实习的作用很大。期间我们在角度估算、桥控网放样等方面做得很顺利,可是在用方向法观察角度精算的时候,由于读数时不够沉稳,导致我们的误差偏大,重复测量,不过,我认为实习阶段出现一些小的失误是正常的,它能够更好的促进我们完成任务。这项任务中的各项步骤我都积极参与其中,对仪器操作熟练程度有很大的提高,数据处理速度和质量增加不少。这四周全部任务的完成都倾注了我们小组五人的大量心血,一次测量实习做完整做好,单单靠一个人的力量和构思是远远不够的,只有小组的合作和团结才能让实习快速而高效的完成。实习过程中协同问题也常发,但我们有一个共同的目标,“更快,更强”,所以最终站在一条战线上破城斩将,得以全线突破。所以只要我们五人精诚合作,相互交流切磋以及相互配合理解,一切问题都将不是问题。测量期间有时候回来很晚,食堂吃饭赶不上,只有吃泡面等;白天外页测量劳累,晚上回来处理数据。累中有甜,苦中有乐,我们每个人每天都激情满怀,完成任务收获丰硕成果。
我深深体会到通过这次实际的测量实习,我学到了很多实实在在的东西,比如对实验仪器的操作更加熟练,学会了碎部的测量、导线的测量和地形图的绘制,桥控网的测量等课堂上无法学到的东西,很大程度上提高了动手和动脑的能力,同时也拓展了与同学的交际、合作的能力。
不过也有一些经验教训:展点很重要,展点的好坏决定了测量的速度;实验仪器的整平对实验数据的误差有很大的影响;水准测量和水平角测量均需检查闭合差,超过差限一定要重新测量;绘制格网铅笔的粗细要根据规定,反复检查以减小误差,网格对地形图影响很大;小组成员的合作很重要,实习小组的气氛很大程度上影响实验的进度。
总之,这次测量实习我深有感悟,不仅给我提供了一个提高各方面能力的平台,尤其是控制到碎部的观点,足以推广各个科学领域,如钱学森先生的系统科学,不正是强调这些结构框架的重要性,还牵涉到思维的习惯,由点连线,由线成面,再成立体。把握到关键因素,亦是优化的一种思维方式。实习让我获益匪浅,提高了团队合作协调,集体荣誉感,吃苦耐劳,艰苦奋斗的能力,还有注意要爱护公共财产,保管仪器,这些都为日后参加工作增加了一次实际经验,打下了基础,达到了预期的目的。学会了cass,逐步精通office,autocad,以及基于cad的cass软件。同时在进行计算时,对部分繁杂的计算我利用matlab软件编程,求解迅速且准确。特在此感谢吴老师不辞辛苦指导工作,对提出的问题的耐心解答。将来工作虽然可能不直接从事测量的工作,但是这些知识和经验基础都将服务于我将来的事业,为成为土木工程专业的杰出人才奋斗吧。
大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇十六
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大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇十七
实习时间:6月9日
实习地点:东校区
实习目的:
1.掌握水平角方向观测法的观测、记录和计算。
2.了解方向观测法的精度要求及重测原则。
实习任务:在校园内选择一控制点做测站点,距测站点约80米长的的场地上选择另两点作为照准点,在照准点上分别架觇板,用dj6经纬仪按要求测量其水平角两测回。
实习过程:
1.在o点安置经纬仪,选取一方向作为起始零方向,如a方向。
2.盘左位置照准a方向上的目标,拨动水平度盘变换手轮,将a方向的水平度盘读数设置在00 02左右,然后顺时针转动照准部2周,重新照准a方向并读取水平度盘读数,江都数值记入表中。
1.总结必须有情况的概述和叙述,有的比较简单,有的比较详细。这部分内容主要是对工作的主客观条件、有利和不利条件以及工作的环境和基础等进行分析。
2.成绩和缺点。这是总结的中心。总结的目的就是要肯定成绩,找出缺点。成绩有哪些,有多大,表现在哪些方面,是怎样取得的;缺点有多少,表现在哪些方面,是什么性质的,怎样产生的,都应讲清楚。
3.经验和教训。做过一件事,总会有经验和教训。为便于今后的工作,须对以往工作的经验和教训进行分析、研究、概括、集中,并上升到理论的高度来认识。
今后的打算。根据今后的工作任务和要求,吸取前一时期工作的经验和教训,明确努力方向,提出改进措施等。
大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇十八
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大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇十九
测量实习。主要任务是绘制实习位置的地形图。通过实习,巩固和加深测量基本知识,基本理论和基本方法的理解和运用。熟练掌握各种测量仪器的使用。培养学生能综合运用所学的测量知识去解决资源调查和矿业资源工程测量问题的能力,为今后从事相关专业工作奠定基础。
实习内容:
我们首先用的是水准仪测高程。开始的时候测量进展得很顺利,可是最后检验的时候发现误差整整差了十多厘米。我们开始反思是哪里出了问题,有可能是因为天色晚的时候,我把十字丝上下丝读成中丝了。因为结果误差不合格,我们在第二天早上重新测量过了一遍,对比前一次的读数,发现上次是十字丝的读数问题,有了这次失败的经验,我们都细心起来了。最后校合时fh=-28fh容=-31.75达到了标准。同天我们用了全站仪测了站点的坐标、方位角、边长和高程。因为开始还不熟悉操作程序,实习进展得很慢,测到后面校核时还发现了误差很大。为了得到比较标准的数据,我们组员决定重新测量过。第二次测量我们更加认真了,再三检验对中整平和所得的就据才记录下来。最后所得的数据在xy的坐标差还是差了1多cm,和2多cm,老师全程指导重测后的数据还是相差不大,也许是仪器比较陈旧的问题导至的误差大。经我们校核,f=0.167,k=1/3778;基本达到要求。因为全站仪测量我们花的时间比较多,经指导老师同意,我们留经纬仪的测量工作放到碎部测量中进行。
碎部测量:
我们采用了全站仪和经纬仪观测,现场展点绘图。测量中我主要负则的是观测,其他成员记录、立杆、绘图密切配合。开始我们用的是经纬仪测量。经纬仪测站的高程是要计算的,因此,除了操作规范外还要正确的读出水平角、竖直角、下下十字线距离和中丝读数。因为工作比较繁锁,一天下来才得四五十个点,绘图工作也基本跟得上。第二天我们用全站仪观测。因为全站仪只要在站点对中整平后,对准前视点安下程序就好了,因此测得很快,一天下来就测了两三百个观测点,绘图工作就相对跟不上了。而我们使用仪器的时间有限,因此我们就先把点位给测好,并在旁边标注点的性质,这些方面查找,又让画图者一目了然,知道该怎么画。部分测站上观测不到的区域,我们采了用角度交汇法和钢尺量距法测出数据把图画了出来。因为对测绘工作基本上手,所以在预定的时间内我们把测图任务完成了。
施工放样:
我们这次放样是将15*20m的建筑画在图上空闲处,以一定的精度标定到实地上。我们用的是经纬仪放样建筑物的轴线。我们先在图上测出要放样的一点的坐标,然后运用已知点的坐标和方位角算出该点与已知点的距离和方位角。以此类推,分别算出另外三点与已知点的距离和方位角。将经纬仪安置在已知点上,以控制点定向,定好方位,用钢尺量所需距离,在所算好的距离上定点。因为开始时我们计算我数据出了错误,所以在放样时校核不对,我们又重新计算过,用正确的数据放样。因为在最后一点实地有阻碍,我们用了角度放样得到了点。最后检测得到相对精度1/xx0达到了要求(数据和略图详见表6)。高程放样我们用的是水准仪,已知高程a与需要标定已知高程的待定点b之间安置水准仪,精平后读取a点的读数a,则仪器视线高程为hi=ha+a,则放样已知高程为h的点b前视读数为b=hi-h。组员每人操作一次。
心得体会:我们的实习正好是期末,很影响考试的心理。同时全站仪数量太少对我们的测量不免产生了不少感叹。要是这些方面能得到解决,我相信我们的实习会更加愉悦。
通过这次实习,我明白了组员团结一致,密切配合的可贵。这种测量是不能单靠个人能力所能完成的。同时我更加深刻体会到细心做事反复思考的重要性。这次实习很坚苦,天冷,而且还下着雨,给测量工作带来了很多不便。组员们早起不午休的测绘,我明白了只要努力,完成任务不是问题。在此过程中,老师也不分时段的来给我们耐心指导,感谢老师。
大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇二十
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大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇二十一
在20xx年学期末,自20xx年xx月xx日起,我们进行了为期xx天的工程测量实习。
这次实习的资料是对工程测量知识的实践化,实习的要求是让每个同学都对工程测量的实际操作能够到达基本掌握的程度。由于本次实习安排在了假期,实习时间较为紧迫,老师对实习资料进行了适当的压缩,将我们一个班xx名同学分组合作。
在实习的第一天,由xx老师给我们做了实习的动员。在动员会上,xx老师强调了本次实习的重要性,并分析了由于xx地理条件较恶劣及建筑物密集等因素给本次实习带来的困难。并鼓励同学们努力克服天气以及实习条件等困难,努力完成本次实习。同时,xx老师还讲解了仪器操作、搬迁中的注意事项,并要求在实习期间自行保管实习备品。本次实习中需要用到的仪器主要有水准仪、水准尺以及脚架。从当天下午开始,我们就正式开始了室外的测量工作。
本次实习资料包括四等水准测量.纵断面水准测量以及场地抄平测量。
1.四等水准测量
首先进行的是业外测量,在实习场地的周围选取大于1000米,小于1300米的五边形闭合导线,在每条边上至少选取一个转战。将水准仪架在两点连线的中垂线上并调平,在两点分别竖起两把水准尺,按照后视黑尺—前视黑尺—前视红尺—后视红尺的顺序,读出黑面尺的上.中.下丝以及红面尺的中丝读数,并记录每点以及转战的读数。业外测量工作结束后,我们又进行业内计算工作,业内计算的工作量是十分大。规定起始点的高程为30米。按照相关公式计算出每点的高程,并计算出各项限差:视线长度前后视距差前后视距累计差黑红面读数差黑红面高差之差高差闭合差并保证各项限差贴合国家四等水准测量的规范。
h视线高程=h已知高程+h视尺读数
2.纵断面水准测量
首先拟定施测路线。在指导教师的指导下,选一已知水准点作为高程起始点,记为bm1,选取有200米长度、必须高差的路线作为施测路线,每隔10米处标记庄点,再在地势起伏较大的点上另设庄点。1人观测、1人记录、2人立尺,施测1~2站后应轮换工种。施测第一站,以已知高程点bm1作后视,在其上立尺,在施测路线的前进方向上选取第一个庄点0+000立尺点,作为前视点,将水准仪安置在距后视点、前视点距离大致相等的位置,将高程引至0+000点。仪器迁至第二站,第一站0+000点的前视尺不动变为第二站的后视尺,第一站的后视尺移到庄点0+030上,变为第二站的前视尺,观测并记录黑尺读数再将尺立再0+010,0+020庄点并记录读数。5、按以上程序依选定4个转战测量所有庄点的黑尺读数。并计算每点的高程。
业外测量结束后,我们把每庄点以及的高程,按横向比例尺为1:1000。纵向比例尺为1:100画在坐标标准纸上,计算出坡度设计高程管底高程以及埋至深度后,我们将各个高程用曲线连接,并画出地下管线的纵断面图,就绘制好了管道纵断面图并在土下方注明所有数据。
坡度=起点与某点的高程差/起点到某点的距离
设计高程=起点高程±坡度×起点到某点距离
埋至深度=地面高程-管底高程
3.场地抄平测量
在实习基地选取一块面积为2500平方米正方形平地,每条边每隔10米选一点,用勾三股四弦五的方法检测正方形的直角,在0行选30米,在0列选40米,看30米和40米的点之间连线是否被分成5份(每10米为一份),若是则为直角。把每边的横纵点连接,构成36个点,其中4个角点,16个边点,16个中间点。将水准高程bm1点的高程引至第一点,在正方形的中间架起水准仪,在每一点处竖尺,观测并记录黑尺的中丝读数,并计算每点的高程。根据每点的高程计算出设计高程填挖高度以及填挖用量。
h设=(∑h角+2∑h边+4∑h中)/4n(n为方格总数)
h填挖高度=h顶点高程-h设计高程
v角=1/4hi×s(hi――方格角点填挖高度)
v边=2/4hj×s(hj――方格边点填挖高度)
v中=4/4hl×s(hl――方格中间点填挖高度)
s=方格的面积
在实习过程中,我从技术,团队合作,专业素质等方面都有了极大的收获。从技术方面来说,这次实习给了一次我将所学知识进行运用来解决实际问题的机会,在实习过程中,许多原先并不熟练的知识逐渐被清晰的理解,许多原先没有重视的方面也得到了巩固,更在发现及解决问题的过程中学习到了不少新东西,在课本中所提到的技术要求之外,我在以下几个方面我有了比较深的体会:
1由于是同组合作,所以在实习程中团队精神就尤为重要,首先要拟订准确的计划,分工明确,在测量过程中我们不但要做好自己的工作,还要思考同组人的工作,尽量要为别人带来便利。小组成员的合作很重要,实习小组的气氛很大程度上影响实验的进度。
2在实习前必须要及时预习测量方法以及相关的计算公式,在实习过程中要听指导教师的安排,避免由于测量方法错误而造成的错误和误差。熟悉了仪器的使用和明白了误差的来源和减少措施,还应掌握一套科学的测量方法,在测量中要遵循必须的测量原则,如:“从整体到局部”、“先控制后碎部“、”由高级到低级“的工作原则,并做到步步有检核”这样做不但能够防止误差的积累,及时发现错误,更能够提高测量的效率
3业内计算务必要十分仔细,因为没一个小错误都可能导致整体的错误,误差的检验也是很重要的,一切数据都务必控制在可允许的范围内。
四等水准测量和纵断面水准测量以及场地抄平均需检查限差,超过差限必须要重新测量。
由于天气不好,起初我对这次实习抱有排斥的态度,但是当我看到同组同学都在认真的测量,认真的实习的时候,我就被感染了,跟随他们一齐加入到测量中,争着抢着操作仪器,把握每一个提高成长的机会。尽管天气十分不好,但是透过大家的团结努力,我们还是十分顺利地完成了测量。多天的合作下来,每个同学的脸都亲切了许多。当所有工作做完的时候,大家一齐回顾最初的苦,才发现其实并没有什么,坚持走过来了,成果拿出来了,大家的心里比什么都甜,
透过实际的测量实习,让我学到了很多实实在在的东西,比如对实习仪器的操作更加熟练,学会了地形图的绘制和碎部的测量等课堂上无法做到的东西,很大程度上提高了动手和动脑的潜力,同时也拓展了与同学的交际、合作的潜力。一次测量实习要完整的做完,单单靠一个人的力量和构思是远远不够的,只有小组的合作和团结才能让实习快速而高效的完成。
实践是大学生活的第二课堂,是知识常新和发展的源泉,是检验真理的试金石,也是大学生锻炼成长的有效途径。一个人的知识和潜力只有在实践中才能发挥作用,才能得到丰富、完善和发展。大学生成长,就要勤于实践,将所学的理论知识与实践相结合一齐,在实践中继续学习,不断总结,逐步完善,有所创新,并在实践中提高自己由知识、潜力、智慧等因素融合成的综合素质和潜力,为自己事业的成功打下良好的基础。
大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇二十二
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大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇二十四
时间流逝,本次实习就要结束了。此次毕业实习是我真正进入社会的一个过渡期,是学完专业知识后的一次较全面而又深入的现场专业实践。在实习期间受到了矿山各部室、学校领导的关怀和帮助,即将圆满顺利地完成毕业实习的各项任务。现在,我就把我在实习期间,所学到的一些知识归和感想纳总结如下:
在安全工程师和技术人员的指导与帮助下巩固了矿山测量的相关知识;了解了全站仪在井下的使用;全面复习和亲自实践了测量成果(数据)的整理和计算;熟悉和实践了把测量成果(数据)绘到采掘工程平面图或立面图上;知道在井下是如何放中线、腰线、定方位;检查巷道的质量是否符合设计的要求;阅读熟悉采煤、掘进工作面作业规程;阅读收集到矿井地质、生产技术等相关资料。
大量阅读了煤矿五大灾害的相关知识;了解到煤矿特种作业工种的培训、考试与发证;了解阅读了一些煤矿安全生产的法律法规;阅读《xxx煤矿20xx年灾害预防与处理计划和事故应急救援预案》;了解矿山各部室的工作职责;了解矿井的通风情况、反风计划与措施等。
三、在跟领导技术员下井的期间我有了进一步的体验:采煤掘进工作面的灰尘大、噪音大;由于矿山开采年限长,矿山水平多巷道长,走到最低开采水平的工作面差不多要1个多小时比较累;迎头的狭窄施工条件恶劣。从我们走过的巷道中我们学习到了很多知识,例如在课本上看到的采掘工作面是那么的光滑顺畅那么宽敞清楚,但是现场的情况绝对不是那么的清晰没有空间思维能力的人根本搞不清楚方向……
在xx煤矿各部室领导的在大力支持与帮助指导下,这次毕业实习即将圆满地结束了,我清楚地认识到自己以前在学习中的不足。通过这次毕业实习,我学到了以前所没有学到的许多知识,我深刻的认识到今天作为一个采矿专业的学生,就应该为国家贡献自己的一分力量,应该为自己的专业贡献力量。虽然我们即将走向社会,但作为一个刚踏入社会的年轻人,几乎没有任何社会经验。可在实习期间的每一件小事中,我们能够体会到人际关系、机会、评价、竞争、成功、失败等各种我们在今后经常会遇到的事件,相信这些宝贵的经验会成为我今后成功的重要基石。在人身的漫漫长路之中,我要再学些什么,再做些什么,这短短的两个月给予我很好的启示。
对于我来说:毕业实习是将来工作的一个缩影,我即将离开学校,走向社会,面对工作,面对新的挑战,我希望我能用这么一句话提醒自己:“不说我不会,而是我行,要敢于迎接挑战、抓住每次学习机会!
在这短暂的实习时间里,我受益匪浅。只是没有必要将它一一列出,因为我知道实习期间的收获将在今后工作中有更好的体现。总之要感谢各位领导的培养,我将以更积极主动的工作态度,更扎实牢固的操作技能,更丰富深厚的理论知识,走上自己的工作岗位,提高工作能力。我坚信通过这一段时间的实习,从中获得的实践经验使我终身受益,并会在我毕业后的实际工作中不断地得到印证,我会持续地理解和体会实习中所学到的知识,期望在未来的工作中把学到的理论知识和实践经验不断的应用到实际工作中来,充分展示我的个人价值和人生价值,为实现自我的理想和光明的前程而努力。
人身的任何工作都不是轻而易举的,总有一些艰难困苦,每经历一次都需要很多的勇气,也不是每一次都能度过苦难,失败是不可避免的,主要的是要敢于承认失败,面对失败,努力去做,解决它,有这个决心,我想人生会成功的,至少可以无憾!这次实习对我们很重要。这次实习是我的一个转折点:标致着我在学校学习的终结,要逐渐改变我的学习方式;要求我具有独立工作,独立思考,独立获取新知识的能力。
以上是我对毕业实习以来的总结,总结是为了寻找差距、修订目标,是为了今后更好的提高。通过不断的总结,不断的提高,我有信心在未来的工作中更好的完成任务。
大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇二十五
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大学生测量实训报告总结字 大学生测量实训报告记录篇二十六
回想这一段时间的实习,在磨砺自己的同时,我对自己的能力有了更深的了解,使自己的专业理论知识和实践充分地结合起来。我深切意识到,生活在象牙塔里的大学生不要以单纯的想法去理解和认识社会,只纸上谈兵是远远不及的,而是要步入社会,进行深入地探索。在学校学会更多得书面知识,在实践中好好利用知识进行运作。接触、了解社会,从实践中检验自我。
实习的第一天,由贺跃光教授给我们做了实习的动员大会。在动员会上,贺教授强调了本次实习的重要性,因为我们是工程管理专业,在专业要求上我们要通过工程测量实习的过程,认真对待怎样从选点,到实测再到碎部控制,最后到放样等等,做到能够看得懂工程图纸并会基本的测绘,以便更好的掌控施工过程。 贺教授还给大家分析了十三号教学楼地理条件较复杂及建筑物密集等因素给本次实习带来的困难。并鼓励同学们努力克服困难,努力完成本次实习。还讲解了仪器操作、搬迁中的注意事项,并要求在实习期间自行保管实习备品。本次实习中需要用到的仪器主要有水准仪、水准尺、脚架、经纬仪,以及全站仪。当天我们就正式开始了室外的测量工作。
在这里得感谢和我同组的赵健,张瑶,邓强,熊子才。测量工作的成功完成和大家的密切合作分不开。还要感谢贺跃光教授,他在我们实习过程中提供了宝贵的指导意见,以及研究生小吴老师。
实习目的:
(1)巩固课堂教学知识,加深对控制测量学的基本理论的理解,能够用有关理论指导作业实践,重点掌握内业外业,做到理论与实践相统一,提高分析问题、解决问题的能力,从而对控制测量学的基本内容得到一次实际应用,使所学知识进一步巩固、深化。
(2)通过实习,熟悉并掌握三、四等控制测量,角度测量包括水平角,竖直角。高程测量,虽不测量等等的作业程序及施测方法。掌握角度计算,坐标计算,导线计算等。
(3)掌握用测量平差理论处理控制测量成果的基本技能。
(4)掌握熟悉正经-反经折中法。
(5)通过完成控制测量实际任务的锻炼,提高独立从事测绘工作、施工放样工作的能力,以及组织与管理能力,培养良好的品质和职业道德。
(6)熟悉水准仪、经纬仪、全站仪的工作原理。
实习内容:
然后在各控制点进行碎部测量。得到原始数据算出各被测点的高程,坐标并在图上画出。通过这些测点绘制图纸。特别要提到的是在k4点进行碎部是,由于控制范围较广,地形地物较为丰富,必须加上k7,k8两个控制点才能清楚地测得所需的数据。
实习心得:
现在,为期两周的实习已经结束了,通过这次实习,让我深刻的明白了理论联系实际的重要性。由于是在夏季,又加上这些天刚好赶上高温天气,烈日当头,但在实习过程中,同学们都表现出了较高的工作热情和协作精神。不畏酷暑,甚至废寝忘食。白天测数据,晚上加紧描点等。密切合作,互相互学。很认真地进行了测绘工作,并较好地完成了实习任务。
通过测量实习,也有一些心得体会。首先测量学是一项精确的工作,通过在学习工程测量这一门课程的过程中,使我在脑海中形成了一个基本的、理论的测量学轮廓,而实习的目的,就在于要将这些理论与实际工程联系起来。测量学是研究地球的形状和大小以及地面点位的科学,从本质上讲,测量学主要完成的任务就是确定地面目标在三维空间的位置以及随时间的变化。在信息社会里,测量学的作用日益重要,测量成果做为地球信息系统的基础,提供了最基本的空间位置信息。构建信息高速公路、基础地理信息系统及各种专题的和专业的地理信息系统,均迫切要求建立具有统一标准,可共享的测量数据库和测量成果信息系统。因此测量成为获取和更新基础地理信息最可靠,最准确的手段。测量学的分类有很多种,如普通测量学、大地测量学、摄影测量学、工程测量学。作为建筑工程系的学生,我们要学习测量的各个方面。测绘学基础就是这些专业知识的基础。
通过这次实习,学到了测量的实际能力,更有面对困难的忍耐力;为了尽快尽质的完成任务,我们每一天都在加班的努力,尽管很累,很辛苦,可我们还是克服了种种困难,同时我们也在实习中感觉到了充实,也学到了小组之间的团结、默契,更锻炼了自己很多测绘的能力。首先,是熟悉了水准仪、经纬仪的用途,熟练了水准仪、经纬仪的各种使用方法,掌握了仪器的检验和校正方法。其次,在对数据的检查和矫正的过程中,明白了各种测量误差的来源,其主要有三个方面:仪器误差(仪器本身所决定,属客观误差来源)、观测误差(由于人员的技术水平而造成,属于主观误差来源)、外界影响误差(受到如温度、大气折射等外界因素的影响而这些因素又时时处于变动中而难以控制,属于可变动误差来源)。这样更好了解了如何避免测量结果错误,最大限度的减少测量误差的方法,即要作到:
(1)在仪器选择上要选择精度较高的合适仪器。在仪器精度有限的前提下通过机械回转等方法消除误差。
(2)提高自身的工程测量水平,掌握正确的方法,规范操作。降低误差水平。
(3)通过各种处理数据的数学方法如:距离测量中的温度改正、尺长改正,多次测量取平均值,校正数值等来减少误差。第三,除了熟悉了仪器的使用和明白了其原理掌握误差的来源和减少措施,还应掌握一套科学的测量方法,在测量中要遵循一定的测量原则,如:"从整体到局部"、"先控制后碎部"、"由高级到低级"的工作原则,并做到"步步有检核".这样做不但可以防止误差的积累,及时发现错误,更可以提高测量的效率及精确度。通过实践,真正学到了很多实实在在的东西,比如对测量仪器的操作、整平,对中更加熟练,学会了数字化地形图的绘制和碎部的测量等课堂上无法学到且做到的东西,但在实习过程中,我做到了,虽说并不完美,在曲折失败中还是取得了成功。在很大程度上提高了动手和动脑以及处理各种情况的能力。
一周多以来,我们都坚守在自己的"阵地",观测、记录、计算、描点……我们分工合作,力求更好地完成任务。在测量过程中,我们也有遇到了很多问题,疑难以及困难。通过老师的提点以及我们的认真地对待还是很好的克服了。非常感谢这一次实习,为我们提供了一个共同学习,共同进步,团结合作完成一项项目的机会,我从中受益颇多。
在实习过程中,也发现实习的普及非常重要。我国政府为推进经济建设而进行的多年的教育活动,取得了很大成就。人们的观念、意识都有了很大的提高。但是在经济发展的深度与广度上还有一些不足。我们的活动不能只做表面文章,要深入实际,真真正正的让人们了解含义。并在这个基础上,逐步确立人们对经济发展的信仰,确立经济发展神圣地位,只有这样我们国家的经济建设才有希望。