三年级上册数学说课稿人教版 七年级上册数学课本(14篇)
人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退,写作可以弥补记忆的不足,将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来,也便于保存一份美好的回忆。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写?下面我给大家整理了一些优秀范文,希望能够帮助到大家,我们一起来看一看吧。
三年级上册数学说课稿人教版 七年级上册数学课本篇一
这一单元的教学是使学生经历实际测量的过程,认识长度单位毫米、分米和千米,建立1毫米、1分米和1千米的长度观念。在此之前,学生已经学习了长度单位中的米与厘米,已经了解了一些有关测量的知识和方法,加之在生活中常常遇到测量问题。因此,学生还是具有一定的认知基础的。教材提供的教学内容充分考虑到这一点,通过情境图,将学生引入熟悉的生活情境中,引出千米,图中的道路指示牌表明了主题。接着,展示学生比较熟悉的运动场400米跑道上运动的场景,目的是让学生感受1千米,知道1千米=1000米。创设生活中的情境,目的在于唤起学生对所学内容的直接经验,增强学生学习的积极性。
依据课标要求和具体的教学内容,体现三维目标的整体落实,我把本节课的教学目标定位于:
1、 认识千米,初步建立1千米的长度观念 。
2、 使学生知道1千米=1000米,学会千米和米之间的简单换算。
3、 识千米的过程中,培养学生观察能力、估算能力和实际测量能力。同时培养学生一定的合作意识和探究意识,发展学生空间想象能力。
学生学习重点是建立1千米的长度观念,而整个学习活动也都是围绕这个重点展开的。
义务教育阶段的数学课程,其基本出发点是促进学生全面、持续、和谐的发展。为了实现:人人学有价值的数学;人人都能获得必需的数学;不同的人在数学上得到不同的发展。
在设计《千米的认识》的教学时,我力求体现以下几个方面:
1、活化教材,体现数学思想。
教材通过一个标准跑道来认识1千米(400米一圈,2圈半就是1千米),备课时,我问自己:如果我这样讲了,学生是不是就认识了1千米?答案肯定是否定的。而看见教材后面的做一做安排学生在学校操场上走一走去实际体验1千米的时候,我决定把这一部分糅合到新知识的教学中,分三阶段进行,使学生对千米的认识丰富立体化。同时使学生在解决旧问题中不断生成新问题,而就在新旧问题交织的过程中渗透实践是检验真理的唯一标准的辨证思想,学会解决问题的数学解决方法。
三年级上册数学说课稿人教版 七年级上册数学课本篇二
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三年级上册数学说课稿人教版 七年级上册数学课本篇三
人教版课标实验教材三年级上册第104—105页,学习时间在12月中旬。
在现实世界中,有些事件的结果在一定的条件下可以预知,即确定现象;有些事件的结果在一定的条件下无法事先预知,即随机现象(不确定现象)。为了帮助学生认识现实生活中的确定现象和随机现象,《课程标准》第一学段新增了属于概率知识范畴的内容《可能性》。旨在引导学生观察分析生活中的现象,初步体验现实世界中存在着不确定现象,认识事件发生的确定性和不确定性。教材选取了“新年联欢会上抽签表演节目”的现实情境,引入本单元的学习内容。通过主题图及例1、例2的教学,使学生初步体验在现实世界中有些事件的发生是确定的,有些则是不确定的。
1.用学生熟悉的生活情境及感兴趣的游戏活动作为教学素材,帮助学生理解数学知识。
2.引导学生经历做数学的过程,让学生在数学活动中体验不确定现象和可能性。
1.学生初步体验生活中有些事件的发生是确定的,有些则是不确定的;
2.学生了解一定、不可能、可能的意义,能够用“一定”、“不可能”、“可能”描述生活中的现象;
3.学生感受“一定”、“不可能”、“可能”在一定条件下可以互相转化。
教学重难点:理解可能性,建立正确的随机的概念。
元旦节快到了,东方超市为了吸引顾客,准备举行一次摸奖活动。摸奖的规则是:在一个盒子里放一些球,凡是一次购物满50元的顾客,都有一次摸奖机会。摸到红球有奖,摸到白球没有奖。如果请你设计,你能想出几种放球的方案?
板书学生的方案:全放红球全放白球既放红球又放白球
[设计意图]把教材中呈现的“新年联欢会上抽签表演节目”的情境改变为更贴近学生、学生更熟悉、更现实的摸奖的情境,为更好的引导学生经历将现实问题抽象成数学模型并进行解释与应用作好心理上的准备。
㈠学生小组合作摸球,感受事件发生的确定性与可能性。
提问:根据你们的方案,会出现什么结果呢?
小组合作,用老师提供的学习材料(摸球用的盒子、5个红球、5个白球、试验结果记录单)依次进行摸球试验,并把试验的结果记录下来。
小组合作要求:1.小组长组织,确定记录人和汇报人;2.摸前搅和一下,摸时不能看,按一定顺序来摸,次数不定;3.每摸一次,就把结果记录下来;4.摸完后,观察记录单,能发现什么。
试验结果记录单:
⑴全放红球
摸球次数
第1次
第2次
第3次
第4次
第5次
第6次
第7次
第8次
……
球的颜色
⑵全放白球
摸球次数
第1次
第2次
第3次
第4次
第5次
第6次
第7次
第8次
……
球的颜色
⑶既放红球又放白球
摸球次数
第1次
第2次
第3次
第4次
第5次
第6次
第7次
第8次
……
球的颜色
㈡组织学生交流,认识“一定”、“不可能”、“可能”。
学生汇报试验结论,并说一说你们是怎样试验的。如,汇报全放红球试验时,说一说放了几个红球,摸了几次,每次摸到的是什么颜色的球,能摸到其它颜色的球吗?为什么?
根据学生的汇报完成板书:
可能性
一定
结果确定{
不可能
结果不一定─可能
㈢用“一定”、“不可能”、“可能”描述摸球试验的结论。
[设计意图]为学生创设了开放的学习空间,学生没有老师的限制,只有根据学习目标的自主学习活动,盒子里放多少个球,摸多少次……一切都由学生做主。教师的作用发挥在汇报过程中的引导学生反思上,让学生通过第一次摸球活动,深深地感受到不管盒子里放几个球,也不管摸几次,在不看的前提下,如果只放红球,就一定只能摸到红球,不可能摸到其它颜色的球;如果既放红球,又放白球,就既可能摸到红球,又可能摸到白球。在对比中更好地体会确定事件和不确定事件。
用“一定”、“不可能”、“可能”不仅可以描述摸球试验的结论,还可以描述现实世界中的自然想象和社会现象。
三年级上册数学说课稿人教版 七年级上册数学课本篇四
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三年级上册数学说课稿人教版 七年级上册数学课本篇五
翻开《数学课程标准》,在第三部分的具体目标中赫然呈现着对计算教学的要求,这些目标是分学段来制定的,但具体到每一节课的目标,还需要我们来理解细化。
我在参加希望杯比赛的时候,选择了北师大版小学数学三年级上册第六单元的第一节起始课——《分桃子》,本课属于“数与代数”领域“数的运算”范畴,主要内容是两(三)位数除以一位数商是两(三)位数的笔算方法。选择这样一节有挑战性的计算课,源于自己的好奇和好胜,都说计算课难讲,都说算理讲不清,我就是要试一试。热情是有的,但接下来的探寻之路却让我感慨万千却也收获颇丰。
教材旨在引导学生探索理解一位数除两位数的算理、基本的运算思路掌握其竖式的写法。“例1”中被除数各个数位上的数都能被整除,主要解决除的顺序和竖式写法的问题;之后“试一试”中的3道竖式除法题目旨在对“例1”的内容特别是竖式的写法进行巩固练习;“例2”中除到被除数十位上时有余数,主要解决除法的基本运算思路问题;之后的“试一试”中首先呈现了4道竖式题目且要求估算,前两道是对例题的巩固练习,后两道则是要求学生在探索学习两位数除以一位数的基础上对知识进行迁移,独立尝试解决三位数除以一位数;“试一试第2题”重在应用,发展学生提出问题、解决问题的能力。
学生虽然已有除法竖式的基础,但现状是他们对一位数除两位数的算理、基本的运算思路和竖式写法存在很大困难,不可避免地会出现“一层楼”的形式,那其实并不是笔算,而是在口算出结果后改写成笔算的一种形式,在运算思路上与笔算完全脱离。
因此教学时重在从笔算除法的运算思路上入手,让学生在观察、思考、动手操作、语言表述、课件演示等充分的感官体验基础上建立表象,并逐步抽象成笔算除法的模型,从而达到理解算理,掌握基本的运算思路和竖式写法的目的。
基于以上的两个“读懂”,结合课标中的要求,我制订了以下的教学目标:
知识与技能——①探索并掌握用竖式计算两位数除以一位数(商是两位数)的方法,能正确地进行计算;
②结合情境,发展应用数学的意识和能力。
过程与方法——①通过分一分等活动,亲历两位数除以一位数算理的探索发现过程;
②将具体的实践操作和抽象的算式结合起来,理解算理,初步建立解决问题的数学模型。
情感态度与价值观——学生通过观察、操作、推理等活动发展合作交流的能力。
教学重点是探索掌握用竖式计算两位数除以一位数(商是两位数);难点是理解算理,正确规范地书写竖式。
总的来说,关键在“算理”,这是计算教学的本质,也是大家都众所周知的。
但却总是在实践中很迷茫,很困惑。
在我自己试讲这节课前,先听其它老师讲了一节,她的整个课堂是这样的:“复习口算——出示情境图——引导学生呈现数学问题——列出算式——学生思考计算方法——展示计算方法——教师讲解算理——学生练习计算并演板——再次讲解算理——再次练习反馈”。
我注意到学生们都准备了小棒,看来老师是有意识让学生动手实践的,但整节课中小棒形同虚设,学生根本没有碰一下。在课后研讨的时候,该教师的解释是由于一名学生出现的错误算法超出了自己的预设,所以打乱了自己的教学思路,结果教学效果大打折扣。这样一节较为失败的课让我对自己来讲这节课有了更大的心理负担,眼见为实,原来算理这么难讲啊。
之后就是我自己的第一次试讲,我很重视学生动手实践,旨在让他们在实践的过程中理解算理,但课上起来也并不顺利,操作浪费了很多时间,在练习时发现有学生不理解算理,教师便开始“走回头路”,结果整节课结束教学内容只进行了60%多,这让我很是郁闷,曾一度想放弃“分小棒”的环节。有这样的想法是因为听了师兄的这节课,他的课堂就没有让学生“分小棒”,而是利用口算的“算理”来迁移讲解了笔算的“算理”,这样的计算教学节省了时间,学生似乎也理解了。还有一位师姐是这样讲的,她在学生动手“分小棒”之后,并没有让学生汇报展示,而是用电脑操作演示了“分小棒”的过程,然后让学生列竖式。和我的不太一样,我是在学生动手“分小棒”之后请了一名学生到前面演示分的过程,让下面的学生说过程,同时教师板演竖式的呈现过程。我这样的方法给人的感觉就是比较乱。课后研讨时我们总结了3种帮助学生理解算理的方法:①师兄的方法——结合口算;②师姐的方法——先分再列竖式;③我的方法——动手实践、语言描述、抽象竖式三者相结合。从大家的反应来看,我的方法似乎支持者甚少,但是没有做课堂后测,我无法看到到底哪种方法对学生的理解最有帮助,但是在我的内心还是倾向于自己“三结合”的方法。
之后我又进行了一次校内的试讲,虽然很不情愿,但还是学习了师姐的方法,也就是先分再列竖式,因为这样课堂看起来不乱,但课后研讨时同事们的批评之词铺天盖地。为此我翻阅了人教版的相关教学内容,也是借助“分小棒”来帮助学生理解算理,而且每一步都呈现的很清楚,这让我对自己的方法又有了信心。恰好中心组又组织了两位师姐再来讲这节课,她们俩的方法正好一个是“借助口算”,一个是“先分再计算”。课后我们进行了后测,结果是触目惊心的,完全正确率还不到30%,这让我们陷入了深思:究竟什么是“算理”,怎么这么难讲?
通过研讨和寻找理论帮助,我知道:掌握算法和探究算理是计算教学的两大任务,算法是解决问题的操作程序,算理是算法赖于成立的数学原理。算理的缺失,难以支撑算法的牢固。《课标》在计算教学上提出了“计算教学时,应通过解决问题进一步培养学生的数感,增进理解算法的理解。”由此可见,计算教学只有在感悟算理的基础上掌握算法,才能形成真正的计算技能,不明白算理的算法是机械的算法,对计算技能的形成是不牢固的、脆弱的。
因此在我的第三次试讲中,我大胆的在多媒体技术的支撑下又一次尝试了“分、说、写”三合一的方法,效果显示学生对算理的理解是有所进步的。但又出现了新的问题:算法要总结吗?大家的意见不太统一。又要再次寻求帮助:轻算理重算法会使教学失去计算所赋予的教学功能,重算理轻算法又无法达成扎实的计算技能。《课标》将课程目标分成了知识技能目标与过程性目标两大类,如果片面理解课程目标,那必定是在两个误区间来回走动。因此,算理与算法两者不可偏颇。
有位心理学家曾说过:初次感知知识时,进入大脑的信息可以不受干扰,能在学生的大脑皮层留下深刻的印象。如果首次感知不准确,那么造成的不良后果在短期内是难以清除的。在计算教学时,只有让学生清晰地理解计算的算理,揭示不同知识背景下的本质联系(算理就是计算教学的本质联系),才能真正掌握计算的算法。因此,不可偏颇,但要先算理后算法。
有了这样的理论引领,我的第四次、第五次试讲,以及最后的现场比赛,就越来越得心应手,虽然还不够完美,但是我目前为止所行走的最远的地方。
回想和学生一起研究算理的过程,我深感:计算教学,特别是算理的理解,需要学生的切身体验。因为算理本身所具有的抽象性、逻辑性导致计算教学的枯燥与乏味,学生学起来枯燥必将引发学生失去可持续学习发展的张力。这就要求计算教学须结合学生的实际,构建有利于揭示理解算理的途径,帮助学生在愉悦的环境中经历计算过程、体验算理、感悟算法。
1、在语言描述中体验算理
“数学是思维的体操”,“语言是思维的外壳”。在具体的问题解决过程中理解抽象的算理,确实具有一定的难度。不妨让学生对解决问题的具体过程用数学语言综合描述,把具体的感知通过语言的加工描述最后概括形成算法。这个抽象描述的过程就是学生体验算理的过程,从而达到感悟算法。
2、在动手操作中体验算理
数学的抽象性和学生以具体形象思维为主的认知水平之间存在着一定的矛盾,动手操作是解决这一矛盾的重要手段,可以使学生在较短的时间内理解较抽象的数学概念。在计算教学中,可根据教师创设的问题情境与提供的定向指导,通过动手操作活动来探究数学问题的内在联系、理解算理。现代教学论的认为,数学教学不仅要使学生掌握数学知识的结论,还要让学生了解知识的发生过程。新课标虽对计算教学的要求和训练强度相对降低,但重视学生的数感发展,计算教学时须注重学生的动手操作,以动促思,自主体验算理、理解算法。
“儿童的智慧在他手指尖上” (苏霍姆林基语)阐明了操作是智力的起源,是思维的起点。“磨刀不误砍柴工”,教师不能怕操作费时,只有让学生 “做数学”,动手摆一摆、拼一拼,量一量,在做一做、看一看、想一想的活动中,亲身体验,才能理解新知识,提高数学能力。动手操作可以帮助学生把抽象的数学思维外显为直观的活动,同时在活动中体验、感悟、发现,最终达到真正的理解和掌握,是帮助学生探索算法,抽象算法的重要手段。
“智慧自动作发端”(皮亚杰),动手操作是最易于激发学生的思维和想象的一种活动,在这一过程中,把学生的外部操作与内部的数学思维紧密结合起来,加深了学生对所学知识的理解。教师所要做的只有一件事:站在学生的角度,安排操作的最佳时机。
这就是我的计算教学之路,基于自己的实践、思考、学习、反思的过程,在过程中成长进步,我永远不会停下脚步。
三年级上册数学说课稿人教版 七年级上册数学课本篇六
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三年级上册数学说课稿人教版 七年级上册数学课本篇七
尊敬的各位评委、老师们:
大家好!我今天的说课题目是有除法的四则混合运算
1. 教材所处的地位和作用:
本节课是义务教育课程标准实验教科书青岛版小学数学三年级上册第四单元第三个信息窗的内容。本节课的内容是在学生已经在一二年级学习了整数的加减乘的混合运算的基础上进行教学的,本册教学有除法的的混合运算,为以后解决更复杂的实际问题打下基础。本课情境图呈现的是两位小记者在果品包装车间,了解包装情况的场面。两幅图分别呈现了果冻和梨糕的包装流水线,通过对话提供数学信息。拟引导学生提出两步计算的问题,引入对连除和先加再除(包括带括号的)四则混合运算的学习。引导学生先想,在有两级运算的四则混合运算中。应先算什么、再算什么;在含有括号的算式中,应该怎样计算,并让学生自己计算出结果。
2. 教育教学目标:
根据上述教材分析,考虑到学生已有的认知结构心理特征,制定如下教学目标:
(1)知识目标: 结合现实情景,掌握有除法的四则混合运算顺序,在解决问题的过程中,初步学会分析问题的方法,体验解决问题策略的多样化。
(2)能力目标:通过教学初步培养学生分析问题,解决实际问题,读图分析,收集处理信息,团结协作,语言表达能力以及通过师生双边活动,初步培养学生运用知识的能力,培养学生加强理论联系实际的能力。
(3)情感目标:通过活动,使学生亲身经历探究知识的过程,使学生的探究意识和创新意识得到发展。发展“用数学”的意识和能力,培养学生公平、公正的态度,激发对数学的学习兴趣。
3. 教学重点,难点:本节课的教学重点是掌握并理解有除法的混合运算的运算顺序。
难点是运用有除法的混合算式解决实际问题。
这节课面对的是小学低年级的学生,思维方式是以具体的、详细的形象思维为主,有意注意时间短,一些生活活泼、色彩鲜艳的刺激容易引起他们的无意注意,成为他们的注意对象。性格上好动爱玩,赋予想象,表现欲强是他们显著的特点。因此在教学过程中积极采用形象生动,形式多样的教学方法和学生广泛的积极主动参与的学习方式,激发学生兴趣,有效地培养学生能力,促进学生个性发展。
《数学新课程标准》指出:数学教学活动必须建立在学生的.认知发展水平和已有知识经验的基础上,教师应激发学生的学习积极性,向学生提供充分的从事数学活动的机会,帮助他们在自主探究和合作交流的过程中真正理解和掌握基本的数学知识和技能,数学思想和方法,或得广泛的数学活动经验。
因此我坚持“以学生为主体,以教师为主导”的原则,根据学生的心理发展规律,采用学生参与程度高的学导式讨论教学法。在学生看书,讨论的基础上,在老师启发引导下,运用问题解决式教法,师生交谈法,图像信号法,问答式,课堂讨论法。在采用问答法时,特别注重不同难度的问题,提问不同层次的学生,面向全体,使基础差的学生也能有表现机会,培养其自信心,激发其学习热情。有效的开发各层次学生的潜在智能,力求使学生能在原有的基础上得到发展。同时通过课堂练习和课后作业,启发学生从书本知识回到社会实践。提供给学生与其生活和周围世界密切相关的数学知识,学习基础性的知识和技能,在教学中积极培养学生学习兴趣和动机,明确的学习目的,老师应在课堂上充分调动学生的学习积极性,激发来自学生主体的最有力的动力。
因此我希望引导学生用自主学习和交流互补法进行学习。
(1)自主学习法:让学生亲身经历知识的产生过程,使学生的认识不仅仅停留在表面,组织学生人人参与,结合教材,紧密生活,让学生带着数学走入生活,突出学生的主题地位,提高学生的分析、判断能力,为终身学习发下基础。
(2)交流互补法:通过学生之间的相互讲解、演示操作,让学生开动脑筋,互相讨论,培养合作意识和语言表达能力。
最后我来具体谈谈这一堂课的教学过程:
(一)、创设情境,提出问题。
谈话:上一节课我们一起去做了采访,这是小记者在采访的过程中记录下的一段画面(两幅图分别呈现了果冻和梨糕的包装流水线),本节课我们就一起来看看果冻和梨糕的制作过程,好吗?请你仔细观察,他们都带来了那些信息呢?
让学生观察进入情境图,搜集信息,提出数学问题。(学生各抒己见,合理性的数学问题都给出鼓励性评价,教师有选择的记录信息)
意图:把教学内容和实际生活相联系,调动学生的学习热情,让学生产生强烈的问题意识,使学生的整个学习过程成为“猜想”继而紧张的沉思,期待录找理由和证明过程,激发学生的探究欲望。体现数学从生活中来,激发学习兴趣。
(二)、解决问题,探索新知。
1.解决第一个教学红点:自主探究,合作交流
(1)有960个果冻,2个果冻装一包,4包装一盒,可以装多少盒?
你想怎样做?先在小组内说说自己的想法?再全班交流:
(2)教师:引导学生寻找解决问题的策略,通过交流理清思路,学生列出算式。学生可以列出分布算式,也可以列出综合算式。
先算装多少包,再算装多少盒。960÷2=480(包)
480÷4=120(盒)
(3)引出连除算式后,重点引导学生明确每一步的意义。结合分布算式理解综合算式的运算顺序。
960÷2÷4
(4)也可先算一盒装多少个,再算可以装多少盒。
960÷(2×4)
引导学生重点说算式每步的意义,明确运算顺序
意图:通过学生的自主探究和合作学习,使他们亲身体验知识的产生过程,满足学生内心的探究感和成就感。在次过程中体会与他人交流的快乐感。让学生在宽松的氛围中质疑、解疑,真正把学习主动权交给学生。
2、解决第二教学红点:
一堆梨糕有320片,另一堆有520片,4片梨糕装一包,一共可以装多少包?
请学生列式,独立算出结果,小组交流说说自己的想法。
3.合作探究有除法的混合运算顺序,先分组讨论,全班汇报。老师实时总结。连初的混合算式从左向右算,有括号的要先算括号里的。
意图:学生通过第一个问题,经历了探究知识的过程,初步掌握了用混合算式解决问题的办法,自主解决第二个问题可以让学生在运用知识的过程中进一步体验混合运算顺序,在不断运用中发现规律,使运算规则的产生满足探究的自然需求。深化对知识的理解,使数学知识与解决实际问题紧密相连,提高学生对数学的运用意识。
(三)、巩固练习,拓展应用。
1.自主练习1
学生独立审题,弄清题目意思,让学生明白每一步计算的含义,做后集体订正。
2. 自主练习2
(1)指名读题,说说你从图上知道了什么?
(2)你想怎样做?
(3)指名说说表格中的每个数字的含义后,学生独立完成表格,
(4)全班集体订正
培养学生的良好做题习惯
3、自主练习3:
先说运算顺序,再计算 ,集体订正
意图:通过由易到难的练习,使学生加深对知识的掌握,升华知识,使知识得到延伸,并且运用与生活实际,体会学习数学的重要性。
(四)、课堂总结,反思升华。
谈话:今天你有什么收获?你认为生活中哪些地方可以用到今天所学知识?
意图:引导学生总结反思,掌握本节课的知识要点,养成良好的学习习惯。体现课内向课外的延伸,让数学回到生活。让学生体会数学从生活中来到是生活中去的奥妙。
最后,请允许我以几句在实际教学中感悟颇深的话语来作为我今天说课的结束语:教育是探究和启蒙,不是宣传和灌输
教育是平等对话和自由交流,不是指示和命令
教育是丰富知识,而不是同意思想
教育是信任而不是防范。
我的说课完毕,谢谢各位评委和老师!
三年级上册数学说课稿人教版 七年级上册数学课本篇八
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三年级上册数学说课稿人教版 七年级上册数学课本篇九
1、说课的内容:
义务教育课程标准实验教科书(人教版)小学数学课本第五册第七单元“分数的初步认识”第一教时“认识分数”及93页做一做。
2、教学内容的地位作用和意义:
这部分内容是在学生掌握了一些整数知识的基础上初步认识分数的含义。从整数到分数是数概念的一次扩展。无论在意义上、读写方法上以及计算方法上,分数和整数都有很大差异。学生初次学习分数会感到困难。分数对学生来说是陌生的,但“物体和图形的一半”却是学生所熟悉的,因此,本节课主要从学生所熟悉并感兴趣的现实经验出发,并通过动手操作,帮助学生理解一些简单的分数的具体含义,让学生体会到分数来源于生活,而且是在“平均分”的情况下才能产生分数,给学生建立初步的分数概念,为进一步学习分数和小数打下初步的基础。
3、教学目标:
(1)、在具体情境中初步认识几分之一,建立分数的初步概念。
(2)、能直观地比较分子是“1”的分数的大小。
(3)、沟通生活和数学的联系,感知生活中的数学。
4、教学内容的编排特点:
(1)、教材以“游乐园”的形式,呈现了本单元的基本学习内容,体现了在玩中认识数学以及人与生活、自然的有机联系。
(2)、“认识几分之一”通过两个学生分月饼的情境引入分数,使学生知道把一块月饼平均分成两份,每份是这块月饼的一半,也就是它的二分之一,写作 。利用迁移推想平均分成几份,每份就是它的几分之一
(3)、学生通过动手折出之分几一、创设学习情境,重视教学知识的操作性,让学生充分感知分数,并比较分子是“1”的分数的大小。
5、教学重点、难点及关键
理解只有平均分才能产生分数和认识几分之一是教学重点;感知分数的意义和分子是“1”的分数大小比较是教学难点;教学的关键是提供学生尽可能多的材料,通过学生折、玩、涂等活动让学生充分感知分数的意义和分子是“1”的分数大小比较,重视学生的思维发展。
设计这节课主导思想是加强直观教学,降低认知难度,让学生在折一折、涂一涂、玩一玩中探索分数的意义,亲自经历数学知识的形成过程。符合《新课标》中提出的:“有效的数学学习活动不能单纯地依赖模仿与记忆,动手实践自主探索与合作交流是学生学习数学的重要方式。”
1、 通过直观形象的图形、实物中认识“平均分”、进而感知分数的意义。
2、 进行比较、动手实践中学习数学,学会用数学的眼光去观察生活。
1、 活动引入,体会平均分。
2、 主动探索,感悟新知。(从面到点)
(1)认识几分之一:平均分——分母的意义——几分之一的意义——揭示课题。
(2)认识1/2 :不同的图形用相同的分数表示。
3、 利用学生资源(动手操作)比较分数的大小。
4、 在生活中找分数,让学生体验分数来源与生活。
三年级上册数学说课稿人教版 七年级上册数学课本篇十
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三年级上册数学说课稿人教版 七年级上册数学课本篇十二
本课内容是实验教科书《数学》三年级上册第十单元的第一课时《认识分数》。分数的认识是数概念的一次拓展,在数学基础理论中,分数的形式定义相当抽象,现有的小学数学教材中对分数的理解仅突出它在现实生活中测量与均分的含义。本册“认识分数”这一单元教材是在学生已经掌握一些整数知识的基础上进行教学的,主要是使学生初步认识分数的含义。这是学生第一次接触分数,从整数到分数是学生认识数的概念的扩展,是一次质的飞跃,因为无论在意义,读、写方法、还是在计数单位以及计算法则上,它们都有很大的差别,并且学生在生活经验中又接触得较少,接受起来比较困难。因此,本单元只是“初步”,对分数概念的教学仅定位于结合具体情境初步认识分数,知道把一个物体或一个图形平均分成若干份,其中的一份或几份可以用分数表示,初步认识和理解几分之一和几分之几。本课时认识几分之一又是认识几分之几的第一阶段,是单元的"核心",是整个单元的起始课,对以后继续学习分数和学习小数的有关知识打下坚实的基础。
1.知识与技能:使学生初步认识几分之一,会读会写几分之一,能比较分子是1的分数大小。
2.过程与方法:通过小组合作学习活动,培养学生合作意识,数学思考与语言表达能力。
3.情感态度价值观:在动手操作、观察比较中,培养学生勇于探索和自主学习的精神,使之获得运用知识解决问题的成功体验。
重点:使学生初步认识几分之一,会读会写几分之一,能比较分子是1的分数大小。
难点:理解分数的意义,并能正确地表达。
1.认识1/2
“分数的初步认识”必须在“平均分”的概念上建立。所以教学第一个环节是根据学生的年龄特点引入郊游时分食品的情境,把4个苹果2瓶矿泉水和1个蛋糕都平均分成2份。当分到一个蛋糕时,学生发现不能用以前学过的整数来表示,这时,已有的知识经验和现实问题发生了认知冲突,使学生产生了求知的欲望。然后给出分数的概念,揭示课题(认识分数)然后让学生回想,我们是如何得到这个蛋糕的二分之一的,让学生理解只要“把一个蛋糕平均分成2份,每一份就是它的二分之一”这个分数的定义。这一环节以后,我让学生说说其他物体的二分之一,从而把分数的定义上升到“把一个物体平均分成2份,每份就是它的二分之一”。接着出示长方形,让学生表示出这张长方形纸的二分之一,这一环节主要是让学生加深对二分之一的认识,以及学会操作,如何来得到一个图形的二分之一,这里还是重点强调二分之一的定义,然后我设计了一个练习,判断涂色部分是不是这个图形的二分之一,更加巩固了学生的新知的理解。
2.认识几分之一
在认识了二分之一的基础上,我进一步提出还想认识几分之一,让学生说说,并用圆形纸片表示出他想认识的分数,并且让学生说说,他是如何得到这个图形的几分之一的。从而上升到更高的层次“把一个物体平均分成几分,每份是它的几分之一”。然后进行练习,完成书上想想做做1,学生填出分数以后让学生说说怎么看出来的?认识了几分之一以后,我再利用学生表示出的同样大小的圆片的几分之一,让学生观察涂色部分,比较一下二分之一和四分之一的大小关系,再让学生猜想如果有个相同大小的圆片,表示出它的八分之一,那八分之一应该排在哪个位置?如果再分下去十六分之一,一百分之一呢?教师小结:当我们把同样大小的物体,平均分的份数越来越多的时候,表示其中的一份就越来越小。让学生了解到如何比较几分之一的大小关系。然后进行练习,书上想想做做3,最后进行练习,想想做做6
三年级上册数学说课稿人教版 七年级上册数学课本篇十三
《认识几分之一》是人教版小学数学三年级上册第七单元分数的初步认识第一课时的内容。这部分内容是建立在学生掌握了一些整数知识的基础上初步认识分数的含义的,在这之前,学生在学习数学的过程中,还没有接触过分数,从整数到现在的分数,对学生来说不仅是知识面的扩展,更是数概念的一次拓展。同时,它有着一个非常重要的作用,就是要为今后进一步学习分数知识打下初步的基础,也为今后学习小数提供必要的条件。如何让学生能尽快地建立分数初步的概念和意识,在这里显得尤为重要。
1、使学生初步认识几分之一,会读写几分之一,能比较分子是一的分数大小。
2、通过小组合作学习,培养学生合作意识、数学思考与语言表达能力。
3、通过练习,使学生在动手操作、观察比较中、培养勇于探索和自主学习的精神,并让学生在经历数学的过程中,获得运用知识解决问题的成功体验。
教学重点:正确认识几分之一的含义。
教学难点:比较几分之一的大小
1、力求体现以学生发展为本的教学理念。努力做到使一切教学活动都围绕学生展开。
2、以活动为主线,以动促思。
针对儿童好奇,好动的特点,教学中让学生折一折、看一看、涂一涂、议一议,使学生以多种感官参与学习的全过程;鼓励学生多做、多想、多说,同时努力使整堂课顺着学生的思路不断地进行调整,使学生在动手实践、自主探索、合作交流的活动过程中完善自己的想法,体验乐趣,发展创造性。,
3、从生活出发,为学生创设探究学习的情景,并使学生的自主探索在时空上都得到保证。让每一位学生都能尽情地表现自我,发现自我,发展自我。
苹果,相同大小的正方形、圆形、长方形纸片,彩笔、绳子、课件。
(一)创设情境,引入课题。
首先,把4个苹果分给2人,可以怎样分?如果分得较公平,每人分几个?(老师要强调平均分),接着再把2个苹果平均分给2人。每人分几个?最后把一个苹果平均分给2人,每人分几个?教师演示后,提问那半个苹果怎样表示呢?这样自然而然的引入课题认识几分之一
(二)动手操作,探索交流,获取新知。
1、认识二分之一
(1)找生活中物体的一半,用自己准备的圆形纸片、正方形纸片、绳子、长方形纸片找一找,说说是怎么找的。(小组合作交流)
(2)演示汇报,并介绍二分之一的写法和含义。
(3)在自己折的图形中找到二分之一,写一写,再说一说它表示什么?
激活学生的生活经验,从物体的一半出发,沟通一半与新知1/2的联系,有助于学生初步理解分数,从而为进一步学习打下良好的基础。
2、认识四分之一。
(1)把一个苹果平均分给4人,每人又分到几分之一呢?用小组里的圆形平均分给本组4个同学,并将名字写在自己的一份上。(动手操作)
给学生营造一种民主、和谐的学习氛围,让他们自己动手分圆形,体验自己分到了多少,在相互合作中去感悟、去比较、去解决新问题。将学生提升为学习的主人,促进学生的参与意识,强化学生的思维。
(2)实践活动。拿出准备的正方形,折出它的四分之一,并涂上颜色,看谁的折法多。(展示成果)
展示小组合作的作品,为学生提供展示自我、体现个性的良好时机,使学生的观察、思考、语言表达能力得以发展。
(3)出示主题图,请同学们仔细观察,游乐园的小朋友们都在干什么?你发现哪里有几分之一?(指明回答)
3、比较分数的大小
(1)老师可充分利用例3的直观图,制成课件,引导学生说出比较的过程,同时让学生准备两个大小相同的圆片,先用一个圆表示出二分之一,再用另一个圆表示出四分之一,随后进行比较。
(2)在学生的动手操作过程中,引导学生通过比较,直观观察,体会到:同样大的图形分的分数越多,每一份反而越小这样的规律,从而到几分之一与几分之一它的大小比较的方法。
(三)综合实践,巩固运用
1、做一做第一题,可让学生独立完成,在进行交流。
2、做一做第二题,共安排了两组几分之一的分数进行大小比较,巩固了例3的知识。
3、用长方形或绳子折一个喜欢的分数,介绍给本组同学。
这一环节我紧紧围绕本课重点,分层练习,这些不同层次不同类型的练习既有知识性,有趣味性,又有创造性,还呼应前面的看图写数预赛,达到了理解教学内容,真正认识几分之一的目的。特别是开放练习,思维空间大,为学有余力的小学生提供了一个施展才华的机会。
(四)总结评价
通过这节课的学习,你又学会了什么知识?有什么收获?
这一环节既是对学习内容的回顾,又让学生进行了反思与评价,获得了情感上的满足。
三年级上册数学说课稿人教版 七年级上册数学课本篇十四
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