2023年高中物理电场强度说课稿(8篇)
范文为教学中作为模范的文章,也常常用来指写作的模板。常常用于文秘写作的参考,也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。那么我们该如何写一篇较为完美的范文呢?这里我整理了一些优秀的范文,希望对大家有所帮助,下面我们就来了解一下吧。
高中物理电场强度说课稿篇一
本节课是沪科版九年级物理第十四章的第五节:家庭用电
李节内容涉及到家庭电路的组成和安全用电知识 ,既是上节知识 的延伸又与实际生活相联系,充分体现“从生活走向物理,从物理走向社会”的理念,并且贯彻以人为本,动手探究的教学思想。
本课时的教学目标是:
1.知识与技能
①了解家庭电路的组成和连接方法。
②知道火线、零线,会正确使用测电笔。
③会组装简单家庭电路。
2.过程与方法
①培养学生善于观察与分析的能力
②培养学生动手探究、交流合作的能力。
3.情感态度与价值观
①善于观察生活现象,乐于提出问题。
②共同合作的团体意识。
③渗透“sts”教育。
重点难点:
家庭电路的组成及各部分的作用是本课时的教学重点。
难点内容是三孔插座的接线方法和对电路故障的分析。
本课时内容有两大部分:家庭电路的组成和模拟安装家庭电路,根据每部分知识的不同侧面,设计不同的教学方法,渗透不同层面的课改理念,本节课将用到下列几种教学方法。
观察法、实物模型展示法、交流与合作、实验探究、多媒体展示等。
本节课内容渗透在学生的生活经历中,大多数学生虽然经历过,但不一定思考过,不一定提出过可探究的问题,所以要求引导学生从生活走向物理,从观察到思考,从理论到实践操作,从提出问题到合作探究等多层面多形式的学习方法。
1.创设情景激发兴趣
周末一家人正在看世界杯足球赛的实况转播,一位运动员在球门前飞起一脚将足球向球门踢去,眼见得此球将进入球门可惜停电了,而邻居家里灯火辉煌,并传来喝彩声??。
大家猜想一下,家庭电路里哪一部分出了故障?应该如何检查呢?
2.动手动脑,共同学习
①家庭电路
教师展示家庭电路挂图,引导学生观察,并把教室的电路与挂图相对照,让学生提出自己的凝惑。然后参照课文认识家庭电路的组成。
问题:a.电能表如何接?接在哪里?有何作用?
b.闸刀开关如何使用?有何作用?
c.熔断器有何作用?
d.开关与电灯如何连接?
师生共同交流,并逐一出示实物,并介绍各自作用。
问题:a.双孔插座与三孔插座有何区别?
b.双脚插头与三脚插头有何区别?
活动:出示实物,发言讨论
问题:a.如何辨别火线、零线?
b.怎样正确使用测电笔?
活动:拆开测电笔,认识测电笔的结构,注意高电阻,氖管连接方式,练习测电笔的正确使用。
②电灯及其安装
问题:a.你家的电灯娥几种?
b.电灯的工作原理是什么?
c.螺口灯的连结娥何要求?
师生活动:讨论后归纳
白炽灯的工作原理是电流的热效应,螺口灯的螺旋套一定要接在零线上。 问题:如何安装简单的照明电路?
你能按照下面四句口诀安装简单的照明电路吗?
火线、零线并排走
零线直接进灯座
火线接进熔断器
再过开关进灯座
学生活动:每6人一组,安装模拟 电路
操作程序
a.画电路图b.摆放器材c.连接电路d.检查电路e.通电试验
③归纳小结,畅谈收获
a.本节课我们有哪些收获和提高?
b.你在活动中,印象最深的是什么?
c.你在解决实际问题的体验中感受到哪些成功的喜悦?
④作业训练,课处延伸
a.你家的电路组成与本节课所学的电路有何不同?
b.完成练习册p69t1~4。
⑤板书设计家庭电路的组成
正确使用测电笔
电灯的种类与原理
简单家庭电路和安装
高中物理电场强度说课稿篇二
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高中物理电场强度说课稿篇三
1、 教材内容要点:
第一、 安全电压 第二、用测电笔辨别火线 第三、安全用电常识
2、 教材的地位和作用:
安全用电的知识具有较强的实践性和社会性,也是作为现代公民所必需的知识,让学生掌握安全用电常识,提高安全用电的意识,具有实际意义,体现了“从生活走向物理,从物理走向社会”的课程理念。本节的内容不同于前面规律性知识的学习,注重的是科学技术在生活中的应用。
3、 教学目标
(1) 知识目标
知道安全电压
知道测电笔的构造,学习使用测电笔辨别家庭电路的火线和零线
知道安全用电的常识
(2) 技能目标
通过学习用测电笔辨别家庭电路的火线和零线,培养学生的操作技能
通过学习安全用电常识,培养学生理论联系实际的能力
(3) 情感目标
通过学习,使学生体会物理与生活密切相关
通过学习,提高学生安全用电的意识,能自觉地执行和宣传安全用电
4、 教学重点与难点:
重点:安全用电的原则是学生今后生产、生活中保障自身安全的准则之一,因此是
本节内容的重点。
难点:对于触电事故的发生,无论是高压触电还是低压触电都具有不可实验与体验
性,要求学生具有较强的理解能力和分析能力,对于学生有一定的难度,所
以是本节的难点。
教法:依据本节教材的内容,采用师生互动启发式教学方法。充分利用实例、图片,利用多媒体的直观动态教学手段,通过讨论、问答、练习等一系列的师生活动展开教学。 学法:引导学生采用讨论法、问答法、练习法、记忆法等学习方法,培养学生的动口、动手、动脑的能力,发挥学生的主观能动性,激发学生的学习兴趣,活跃课堂气氛。
(一)事例引课(2')
首先通过多媒体播放一段人体触电事故发生的视频,这样做可以达到两个目的:(1)兴趣是最好的老师,具体事例引课比语言引课更具有吸引力,激发学生的学习兴趣。(2)以真实的事例教育学生安全用电的重要性,导出课题。
(二)师生互动——知识的学习
1、安全电压(5')
人体也是导体,对于人体的触电现象学生较易理解。基于这一点对本知识我设计下面的师生互动过程:
(1)教师提供通过人体电流的大小对人体的影响(危害)和通常情况下人体电阻值的大小两方面数据材料,引导学生运用公式u=ir推导出一般情况下对人体的安全电压。既应用巩固了旧知识又培养了学生分析、推理的能力。
(2)教师向学生介绍不是每个人的电阻都一样大,而且同一个人的电阻也不是固定不变的,从而着重指出:一般情况下,36伏以下的电压对人体才是安全的。培养学生严谨的求知态度,感受科学的辨证关系。
2、用测电笔辨别火线(5')
出示教材中的图13-17在教师的指导下认识它的各部分名称,接着教师用测电笔演示教材图13-18的测电笔的正确和错误的使用方法。教师要告诉学生:在使用测电笔时,应先在有电的地方试一下,检查测电笔是否正常,防止造成误判,发生触电事故;在正确使用测电笔下,若测电笔的金属笔尖接触火线,则氖管发光;若金属笔尖接触零线,则则氖管不发光。测电笔只能在对地电压250v以下使用。不可用它碰高压带电设备。
3、安全用电常识(10')
触电事故的发生是学生学习的难点,为了突破这一难点,采取下面的具体做法:
(1)学生阅读课文,对触电事故有一个初步认识。
(2)通过媒体展示触电的类别的图片和视频让学生观察、分析,然后进行小组讨论、相互交流、充分利用群体的思维讨论得出触电类别及其触电原因,培养学生分析能力和合作精神。采取讨论这种学习方式也符合初中阶段学生的身心特点,使学生有张有弛。 教师可以出示以下问题引导学生观察、思考、讨论;
①图中哪些是低压触电?哪些是高压触电?理由是什么?(引导学生从架线杆、标志等方面分析)
②由图中看出低压触电是接触零线还是火线造成的?
③由图看出高压触电是接触高压带电体造成的,还是靠近高压带电体造成的?
(3)引导学生小结低压触电和高压触电发生的情况及发生的原因。
(4)练习:
①出示:跨步电压“图片,人遇到“跨步电压”时该怎么做?(讨论回答后,出示一个人单脚跳着通过跨步电压圈的图片)
②出示图片,让学生判断是否触电?
通过以上习题让学生巩固所学知识,也让学生感受到知识源于实践而又作用于实践的辨证关系。
通过学习低压触电和高压触电的原因,教师引导学生总结安全用电的原则:不接触低压带电体,不靠近高压带电体,不弄湿用电器,不损坏绝缘层。从而完成本节教材的重点。
(1)应立即断开电源开关,切断电路 或用绝缘体将电线挑开,并现场抢救 (练习)你会处理吗?
①如果有人触电,应该怎么办?
②当家庭失电着火时,应该怎么办?
)
针对九年级学生的认识、能力水平,结合本节教材与现实生活紧密联系的特点,
我给学生布置以下研究性作业,让学生通过亲身实践获取直接经验,培养学生的实践能力,养成科学精神和科学态度。
1、自己家里的用电器怎样防止触电?
2、 钳子、螺丝刀等工具采取怎样防止触电得措施?
3、电工防止触电是如何工作的.
4、工业上、生活中有哪些防止触电的用具.
五、板书设计
六 安全用电
1、安全电压
低于36v的电压
2、用测电笔辨别火线
构造、使用方法
3、安全用电常识:“四不”
不接触低压带电体,不靠近高压带电体,不弄湿用电器,不损坏绝缘层。
4、发生触电时的措施
应立即断开电源开关,切断电路 或用绝缘体将电线挑开,并现场抢救
高中物理电场强度说课稿篇四
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高中物理电场强度说课稿篇六
本节课是人教版版九年级物理第十九章的第一节:<家庭电路>是将之前所学电学知识用于实际生活的教学案例,充分体现了物理知识与生活实践的完美结合。面对电气化普及的社会,安全用电知识的学习在以后的生产、生活实践中显得十分重要。通过学习本节教材的知识,学生能了解日常安全用电常识,规范日常用电行动,提高学生利用知识解决实际问题的能力。因此这一节课无论在知识学习上还是培育学生的能力上都有着十分重要的作用。如:家庭电路的组成,保险丝的选择,三线插头和插座的作用等内容都是有趣而有用的;虽然没有较艰深的知识点,但是内容琐碎、繁杂,有许多潜知识包含在其中。并且本节课主要是介绍生活用电常识,大多数知识学生常识性了解即可。
1、知识与技能
(1)知道家庭电路的组成和各部分电路元件的作用。
(2)知道家庭电路的火线、零线,它们之间的电压220v。
(3)能根据电能表上所标的允许通过的最大电流值,确定接入的家用电器的最大总功率。
(4)知道保险丝的作用,开关与灯接法
(5)了解三线插头。三线开关为什么安全、漏电保护器作用
2、过程与方法
(1)、通过观察和讨论家庭电路的组成和各部分电路元件的作用,培养学生分析问题的能力。
(2)、通过学习保险丝的作用,培养学生理论联系实际的能力。
3、情感、态度与价值观
通过学习,使学生体会物理与生活的密切相关,培养学生的学习兴趣
:
家庭电路的组成及各部分的作用是本课时的教学重点。
难点内容是三孔插座的接线方法和对电路故障的分析。
九年级学生心理和认知发展,他们往往不爱发言,不主动表现自我,课堂气氛比起八年级的学生沉闷。需要教师的积极、灵活的调动他们的激情。他们不喜欢枯燥的理论分析和教条式的计算,但乐于参与动手实验、观察现象,同时在玩中学更能激发学生的情感。他们喜欢探索自己熟悉的或与所学知识有关的生活现象、科学事件。这样才更能激发和培养他们的创造性。针对这一现象,在教学过程中注重直观教学。让学生接触实物,这样更利于学生对本节课的学习。
1、教法:《新课程标准》指出,义务教育阶段的物理课程的基本理念要求:从生活走向物理,从物理走向社会。物理课程应改变过分强调知识传承的倾向,让学生经历科学探究过程,学习科学研究方法,培养学生的探索精神、实践能力以及创新意识。改革以书本为主、实验为辅的教学模式,提倡多样化的教学方式。本课的重点是家庭电路的认识和各元件的作用,所以本课让学生在教师引导下观察实物,理论联系实际,通过合作交流来完成本节课的学习。
2、学法:根据以上教法及学情分析,本节课主要采用的学法为:观察法、合作交流法、实例分析法。学会把探索到的知识加以应用,力求解决实际问题,从物理走向生活。
1.创设情景激发兴趣
周末一家人正在看春节晚会的实况转播,一位小品演员正在演出,眼见得如此精彩,可惜停电了,而邻居家里灯火辉煌,并传来喝彩声……。大家猜想一下,家庭电路里哪一部分出了
故障?应该如何检查呢? 活动一:1.问题导学:家庭电路的组成和各部分功能是什么?
互动探究一:
同学们观察电路板上的各元件,同时阅读课本关于家庭电路的组成一段,找出组成家庭电路的主要部分。哪一位同学说一下家庭电路由哪几部分组成?
学生交流展示1:家庭电路由电能表、总开关、保险装置、插座、用电器和导线组成。 学生交流展示2:家庭电路各部分功能.
活动二2、问题导学:保险丝原理,作用是什么?
互动探究二:学生观察保险丝,保险丝材料是什么?
交流展示:讲解保险丝作用,材料。
活动三3、问题导学:怎样辨别火线和零线,怎样使用试电笔?
互动探究三:学生讨论试电笔使用,辨别零线和火线
交流展示:学生使用试电笔,讲解试电笔使用方法,辨别零线火线
活动四4、问题导学:电灯及其开关的接法
互动探究四:学生看书了解电灯与开关连接
交流展示;控制电灯的开关应与电灯串联,并且要接在火线上
活动五5、问题导学:三孔插座、三脚插头的接法和漏电保护器的作用
互动探究五
学生讨论三孔插座、三脚插头的接法和漏电保护器的作用
交流展示:
学生介绍三孔插座和三孔插头,讲解三孔插头的好处,、三脚插头的接法和漏电保护器的作用
6、达标检测
1、请用笔画线表示导线,将它们连入电路
2、关于家庭电路,下列说法中不正确的是( )
a、电能表用来显示用户所用的电能,应安装在干路上
b、保险丝安装在总开关后,当电路中有大电流通过时会熔断
c、开关与用电器并联
d、总开关千万不能倒装,其静触头应在上面
3、小强同学在学习安装照明电路时,由于操作不规范,导致开关中两个接线柱接到了一起,这样产生的后果是( )
a、灯不能正常发光b、保险丝迅速熔断c、开关依然起作用d、灯总是亮着
4、家庭电路里的用电器都是并联的,其原因是( )
a、为了获得相同的电压 b、获得相同的电流c、获得相同的功率 d、可以单独工作
七、教学小结
八、板书设计 家庭电路
(1)知道家庭电路的组成和各部分电路元件的作用。
(2)知道家庭电路的火线、零线,它们之间的电压220v。
(3)能根据电能表上所标的允许通过的最大电流值,确定接入的家用电器的最大总功率。
(4)知道保险丝的作用。试电笔使用,开关与灯接法
(5)了解三线插座,三线插头为什么安全。漏电保护器作用
成功点:
一、学生对家庭电路的构成和测电笔的使用掌握不错,能理论应用于实践。
二、学生对保险丝的工作原理掌握不错。
三、学生对安全用电常识掌握深刻。
不足之处: 一、学生对电功率和电流的关系掌握不透彻
高中物理电场强度说课稿篇七
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高中物理电场强度说课稿篇八
各位评委、各位老师:大家好
我说课的题目是“电场强度”,下面我对这节课分以下几个方面进行说明,具体内容如下:
本章是选修3系列的第一章,是高中阶段电学内容的开始,也是高中阶段基础的内容之一。电场强度描述了电场的力的性质,是电学中最基本的概念。学好电场强度和电场力,才可拓展延伸至电场力做功、电势差、电势能、电流的形成、带电粒子的运动等一系列的新概念。所以电场强度是掌握电学其他许多概念的基础。因此电场强度概念不仅是本章的重点、难点,也是整个高中电学,乃至整个电磁学的重点之一。要让理解电场强度的概念,首先要建立电场的概念,这是学生在学习本节感到最困难的地方。
统观教学指导意见和教材,不难发现本课的教学有如下的特点:
1.知识点多:电场,电场强度,电场线,检验电荷,点电荷的电场,场源电荷,矢量运算等
2.教学内容抽象:电场看不见模不着,学生对于场的感性认识少,电场线是一个理想的模型
3.学生的知识体系不完备:关于场没有完整的知识网络,在教学中必须重新构建
1、知道电场是电荷周围存在的一种特殊物质,知道电荷间的相互作用是通过电场发生的。
2、了解试探电荷的作用,理解对试探电荷量和试探电荷的尺寸的要求。
3、理解电场强度,知道它的单位和定义式及方向的规定。
4、了解点电荷周围的电场分布和电场的叠加,会用点电荷的场强公式和电场叠加进行有关计算。
1、培养学生在通过实验及类比的方法、提高发现问题、提出问题和解决问题的能力及知识的迁移能力。
2、在理论和实验论证、猜想环节中培养学生科学论证能力和推理能力。
3、通过电场强度定义式的得出,让学生体会到用比值法定义物理量的方法和重要性。
1、通过对于“超距作用”的观点到场的提出的物理学史的回顾,使学生认识到科学探究的协作性和继承性,法拉弟在电磁学中的重要性。
2、通过电场强度的研究,培养学生探究的精神以及对于自然、生活中物理现象的好奇性。
3、通过学习电荷的电场分布,认识到对称和科学美感
确定依据为本节课的中心是让学生认识到场的客观存在,及场的力的性质。由此引入一个物理量并恰当地定义它成为本节课的核心问题,因此将它定为重点。
本节课的难点有三个:一场强的定义方法;二场强和电场力的区别和联系;三几种典型电场线的分布。确定的依据有三个方面:一电场强度的引入过程需要较强的抽象思维能力,二电场强度与电场力容易发生混淆,三学生对电场线的分布往往只识其形而不解其质。
教法:根据本节课内容较抽象、理性思维较强的特点,教学中要综合运用多种教学方法来启发学生思维,如:启发式教学法、 “发现学习”教学法。
学法:让学生独立思考,协商讨论,突出主体性。因为学生不是被动接受知识的容器,而是学习的主人。促进学生自主学习,合作探究,形成个性化的知识结构同时变学会为会学,是改革传统教学的重大课题。
据以上的分析,教学中以现代教学理论为指导,以掌握知识为主线,以培养能力为中心,突出重点,突破难点,设计如下教学程序:
首先提出问题(看幻灯片1)学生解答,之后我这样导言:力不能脱离施力、受力物理而独立存在,即力具有物质性,由此可知在电荷的周围存在着一种特殊的物质。这节课我们从两个方面去认识它,一是定量描述,二是形象化描述。由此引出课题“电场强度”
意图:这样处理抓住要害,让学生在原有的知识结构的基础上发现矛盾,使学生不知不觉开始新的认知体系的建构。
首先电场的教学:(看幻灯片2)
让学生认识到电场是一种特殊的物质,并通过类比的方式,克服学生陌生心理。之后强调本节课的知识主线:电场对放入其中的电荷有力作用。
然后进入电场强度的教学(大约需要17分钟)
创设问题情景:(幻灯片3)
1)两点电荷间静电力的产生用场的观点怎样解释?进一步说明场具有何性质?
2)电场看不见、摸不着,我们如何来认识它?
3)引入的试探电荷应具有什么特点才能真正反映原电场的性质?
4)同一试探电荷在某一电荷形成的电场中的不同位置受力的大小方向一般不同,这说明了什么问题?
通过前四个问题,以电荷在电场中受力为主线,引出电场力的性质:即电场有强弱又有方向
(看幻灯片4)
1)能否任意选取一个电荷,用它在电场中某位置受到的电场力表示该点的电场的强弱和方向?为什么?
2)同一试探电荷在电场中的不同位置受力不同,不同试探电荷在电场中同一位置受力不同,说明什么问题?
3)电场力即与试探电荷电量有关,又与电荷在电场中的位置有关,据此试问:f/q是反映了谁的量?
显然我们应引入一个物理量,并对它恰当的定义,使其充分反映场的强弱和方向,引入的物理量就叫场强吧,该如何定义它呢?
意图:通过以上合理设问,明确思维轨迹。让学生清晰地掌握场强引入的思路及其物理意义,即突出了重点,又突破了教学难点一。而在下面的问题中又顺理成章出开始了对场强的进一步的认识。(看幻灯片5)
1) 前面用比值法定义了场强的大小,场强的方向又如何定义呢?
2)由定义式e=f/q和力学单位制确定e的单位和其单位在数值上含义。
让学生思考在e=f/q中q是什么电荷的电量?能否推出e∝f、e∝1/q
而场强e的决定因素又是什么?
最后让学生在上述思考的基础上归纳电场强度物理意义、定义及其特点
电场强度是对电场的定量描述。但电场看不见、摸不着,为便于我们的研究,需要把它形象化的表达出来,物理学中用一系列的曲线来代表电场。
⑶由此引出电场线教学(大约需要12分钟)
幻灯片7
在这部分教学中我类比学生认知结构中已有的知识,首先复习初中所学的磁感线的定义,并通过条形磁铁磁感线的分布引导学生进一步认识到:磁感线的疏密同时反映了磁场的强弱。在此基础上引导学生认识到画电场线也需要以一个恰当的规定为前提,经过这样处理使已有知识对新知识的学习发生影响,从而使学习形成最大的正迁移。
在类比基础上解决下列问题(幻灯片8)
①让学生总结出画电场线的两个规定
②在了解了匀强电场定义的前提下,画出它的电场线?
③在做完教材41页例二后,画出孤立正电荷、负电荷电场的电场线
④不要求画出等量同号、等量异号点电荷电场的电场线,让学生观察教材图12-7, 找出:
电场线的方向特点
电场线在空间上的分布特点
之后观看图片和动画:(幻灯片8、9)
最后学生注意观察几种典型电场的电场线分布,总结电场线全部特点
意图:通过恰当的类比,潜移默化、突破难点教学难点三。正所谓“随风潜入夜,润物细无声”,在使学生获得创造体验的同时把握根本。
为巩固所学知识,并使知识顺利迁移,将安排如下练习:
1)在电场强度教学结束时,练习教材例题一,巩固f=eq表达式的应用。
2)在引导学生画孤立点电荷电场线之前,练习教材例题二,即巩固定义e=f/q,又为下一步教学做铺垫。
3)通过让学生填写场强与电场力的区别与联系的表格,即考查、反馈了知识的掌握情况,又突破了此教学难点二。
在这部分教学活动中,让学生畅谈对本节课知识上的收获,思想方法上的领悟,教师在评价的同时加以补充。意图是帮助学生梳理全节知识,培养学生归纳总结能力。
为使学生巩固所学知识、领会研究方法,特布置作业如下:
1)课后练习⑴⑵⑶
2)阅读课后的阅读材料“用比值定义物理量”
以上即是我的说课的全部内容,谢谢大家。