安培力说课稿(二十八篇)
在日常学习、工作或生活中,大家总少不了接触作文或者范文吧,通过文章可以把我们那些零零散散的思想,聚集在一块。相信许多人会觉得范文很难写?下面我给大家整理了一些优秀范文,希望能够帮助到大家,我们一起来看一看吧。
安培力说课稿篇一
1、说教材的地位和作用
本节出自人教版八年级《物理》第八章《运动和力》中的第2节《二力平衡》。主要涉及到的内容有三个方面:即力的平衡概念、二力平衡条件及其应用。二力平衡是物体受两个力作用而保持的平衡状态,是物体受力平衡问题中最简单的一种情况,在力学中的地位十分重要。它既是牛顿第一定律的延续,又是今后进一步学习其它力学知识的基础,所以二力平衡知识是联系新旧知识的一个纽带。这部分内容和方法的学习,关系到学生以后会不会进行受力问题的分析问题。因此,学习这部分知识具有十分重要的意义。
2、说教学目标
知识与技能:
(1)知道什么是力的平衡和二力平衡的条件。
(2)知道二力平衡时物体的运动状态。
(3)会应用二力平衡条件去分析、解决简单的问题。
过程与方法:
(1)通过实验探究二力平衡条件。
(2)学会分析一个物体受几个力及这几个力的平衡关系。
情感态度与价值观:
由于二力平衡条件是从实验中总结出来的,能够培养学生实事求是的科学态度、树立乐于探索日常生活中物理道理的意识。
3、说教学的重难点
(1)重点:二力平衡条件是学生进行力与运动关系分析的基础,所以二力平衡条件是重点。
(2)难点:力的平衡概念的建立是难点;由于初中学生虽然具有一定的抽象思维能力但还处于萌芽状态,对物体受平衡力作用的分析、判断能力比较弱,所以运用二力平衡条件解决实际问题也是本节的难点。区别一对平衡力与一对相互作用力也是一个小的难点。
4、说教学器材
教师演示:(1)自制二力平衡演示器 (2)有关多媒体课件
(1)学生已有的有关力及运动方面的知识为本节内容的学习提供了知识基础。
(2)学生经过一年多的物理学习已经基本掌握了探究这种方法,这为本节课的学习提供了有利的方法保证。
(3)学生还存在着一定的思维障碍。例如:电梯停止在三楼,要使它匀速上升到四楼,所用的拉力必定大于电梯静止时受到的力;当我们推讲桌而推不动的时候,学生往往会认为这是推力小于阻力的原因等。这样就会造成学生对一个物体在平衡状态下,对平衡力的理解和应用产生思维障碍。
根据本节内容的特点,结合学生的实际情况,为了更好地突出重点、突破难点,我主要采用以下几种教法:①先演示;②安排学生“探究二力平衡条件”的实验活动,在教师指导下,学生对实验进行实验设计、操作、观察、思考;③学生相互交流讨论自己得出结论,教师再适时地进行点拨,体现出“以教师为主导,学生为主体”的教学原则。
新课程要求学生“会学”而不仅仅是“学会”,因此要教给学生正确的学习方法。通过探究实验,充分发挥实验的直观作用,以激发学生的学习兴趣,这是其它任何学习手段都不能代替的。在实验中,指导学生学会“实验探索—思考深入—归纳总结”的实验探究问题的方法,符合学生的认知规律。另外,为了让学生能够达到学以致用,真正掌握二力平衡知识,安排了几个随堂练习。
复习提问:第一步:导入
为了顺利实施目标做好知识上的铺垫,提出已学问题:牛顿第一定律的内容是什么?能不能反过来说:保持静止状态或匀速直线运动状态的物体,不受力的作用?
学生明确回答后,列举常见的例子。
(一)创设情境引入:(1)找一个成绩相对较差的学生上台即可,能够激起学生的注意力和学习兴趣。同时提出问题让学生思考:这位同学站在这里静止不动,虽然只受两个力的作用为什么会保持静止呢?
(2)教师边手拿粉笔盒上下做匀速直线运动,边问学生粉笔盒所处的状态、受到几个力的作用?
(上述两个问题的设置是为了让学生能把当前的问题同牛顿第一定律联系起来:物体没有受到外力作用保持静止状态或匀速直线运动状态,那么处于这两种状态下的物体是不是就没有受到力的作用呢?实际生活生产中,不受力的物体是不存在的。这时物体所受的力就是平衡力,当物体虽然受力但是保持静止状态或匀速直线运动状态,此时称为力的平衡。从而自然而然地引出二力平衡内容。用多媒体投影:“力的平衡”,进一步激起学生的学习兴趣。)
(二) 探究二力平衡条件
由于在初中阶段学生学习的是最基本、最简单的二力平衡,我们就从这开始。有的同学会从日常生活中体会到物体的其它状态:例如,火车刚出站或将要进站的时候处于平衡状态吗?显然不是!那么处于平衡状态的物体应该具备什么条件呢?(设置这样的过度语能够为学生探究新知留下悬念,激发其解决问题的。)
1、教师首先演示一下课本中的实验。(在这里教师做演示,目的是能给学生一个示范;有很多的问题是看起来简单做起来难,我们也知道学生的探究活动大多是已知结论的探究,并不是科学家们的那种未知结论的研究。所以演示还是有必要的,也可以改成边演示边探究实验。)
实验步骤:
①硬纸板受到大小不相等、方向相反、在同一直线上的力,运动状态如何;
②硬纸板受到大小相等、方向相同、在同一直线上的力,运动状态如何;
③硬纸板受到大小相等、方向相反、不在同一直线上的力,运动状态如何;
④硬纸板受到大小相等、方向相反、在同一直线上的力,运动状态如何;
开始第五步前,提出问题:是不是硬纸板受到大小相等、方向相反、在同一直线上的力,就一定位于平衡状态。
⑤将两钩码系在硬纸板上使两小车受到大小相等、方向相反、在同一直线上的力,用剪刀将硬纸板剪断,观察硬纸板的运动状态。
按照探究实验的常规分几步进行,重点放在学生实验方案的设计上,等到学生完成后,先找几个成绩好一点的同学向全班同学展示一下(讨论交流),然后我用多媒体向学生展示我的设计方案以及空的记录表格,再由学生进行具体地实验(教师巡回指导,发现问题及时解决)。
针对投影上提出的观察问题,请学习成绩中等的同学来回答。同时启发学生思考二力平衡的条件。最后归纳、总结并投影出二力平衡的条件。
⑵在整个学生的探究实验中,教师的及时引导再加上前面演示,体现了教师的主导作用;同时,学生的设计、操作、观察、思考和总结也充分体现了学生的主体地位;由于每个学生都积极参与到实验中来了,也反映了面向全体的素质教育的基本要求。
(3)在得到二力平衡条件的基础上,教师再进一步引导学生对结论进行提炼处理,使学生易记、易用。教师最后总结成八个字:同体、等大、反向、共线。这样不仅能够加深对条件的记忆和理解,也能培养学生的概括思维能力。
(三)二力平衡条件的应用
对所学知识作小结后,出示实例:吊着的电灯保持静止,灯受重力20牛,则此灯受拉力大小为多少?
先由灯处于静止得到它受平衡力;然后分析灯受哪两个力,即重力和拉力,最后根据二力平衡条件,已知重力20牛,确定出灯受拉力20牛。
最后再以提问的方式向学生强调一下一对平衡力与一对作用力与反作用力的区别。目的是让学生能够正确地应用二力平衡知识来解决实际问题。
趁热打铁,用多媒体向学生出示随堂练习(能够起到紧扣重点、越过难点的作用),进一步巩固所学的内容、培养解决问题的能力。
作业要尽量少而精,以切实减轻学生的课业负担。学习指导与联系的基础梳理。
本节课的重点是二力平衡的条件,为了能使学生对这个重要的内容深刻理解,一方面要认真做好演示实验,起到积极引导的作用;另一方面,要求学生做好探究实验,主动地探求二力平衡条件,这是关键之所在!还要注意引导学生学会正确地分析物体的受力情况。
安培力说课稿篇二
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安培力说课稿篇三
今天我说课的课题是八年级物理第八章运动和力中的第3节摩擦力。
这是我说课的流程,共六部分,分别是教材分析、学情分析、教学目标、教法学法、教学流程和设计思路。
20xx年审定的人教版新教材,本节与以往教材不同之处有两点,一是从学生们的亲身体验入手感知物理知识,二是增加了一些更直观的有关摩擦力的彩色插图,更多的从生活中理解摩擦力。这是本节的知识体系,包括认识摩擦力、影响摩擦力大小的因素和生活中的摩擦力三部分。
教材的地位和作用:
(1)摩擦力是学习了弹力、重力后的又一种重要而常见的力,是力学的基础。
(2)这不仅是二力平衡的应用,而且为后面的功和简单机械的学习,甚至高中学习做好铺垫,在力学中具有承上启下的作用。
(3)不但使学生们学习到摩擦力的有关知识,而且是学生们对探究、分析和解决问题能力的升华,同时也逐渐培养学生们养成科学探究和重视知识应用的好习惯。
初二学生们虽具备了初步的归纳能力,但探究能力有差异,知识应用能力有待提高,在探索过程中乐学、会学,提高能力是关键。
1、知识与技能:
(1)知道什么是摩擦力 。
(2)知道滑动摩擦力大小与什么因素有关。
(3)能运用所学知识解决增大和减小摩擦的具体问题。
2、过程与方法:
感受体验实验探究、归纳总结定义结论、巩固应用解决问题。
3、情感态度和价值观:
激发学习兴趣、增强学习信心、加强团队合作、培养创新精神。
重点:(1)影响摩擦力大小的因素;
(2)解释生活中摩擦现象。
难点:探究影响摩擦力大小的因素。
难点突破的措施:激趣诱导,以多种方式指导教学,把时间教给学生们,发现问题,解决问题。
教师是课堂的主导者。通过游戏引入、激发兴趣;创设情境,形成新知;设疑启发,引导探究;辩论比赛,巩固新知,对学生们进行适时正确的引导。
学生们是课堂的主体。学生们利用对教材的预习,通过师生合作,生生合作,最终形成物理知识、技能和方法。
教学流程分六个环节,分别是游戏引入、感受体验、科学探究、知识应用、回顾反思、作业布置。
初二学生们活泼好动,对知识的渴求欲强,在新课开始我采用游戏引入,男生用一个涂油的碗,女生用一个干净的碗,在学生们都不知情的情况下,比赛抓碗游戏,而力气小的女生却出乎意料的赢了。创设情境教学,引人入胜,引出新课,为这节课顺利的进行打下基础。
问题是知识的产生点,通过自己的亲身感受体验,教师用拟人的口吻,类比拔河,提出问题,贴近学生们的生活实际,便于学生们接受,使师生间的距离拉近。
生生合作,说出摩擦力的定义,培养学生们的归纳总结能力。
然后采用抢答的方式说出作用点和方向,不仅巩固新知,还活跃了课堂气氛。
摩擦力的方向是理解摩擦力的一个难点,学生们对运动方向和相对运动方向混为一谈,而且生活中的一些经验使学生们总认为摩擦力就是阻力,教师通过引导学生们分析人走路,同时解决了上面两个问题。而采用举手指的形式增加学生们的参与度。
我设计了摩擦力大搜索这一环节,把学生们分成两大组进行举例比赛,在这种交流中学生们的表现欲被调动,使两个知识点顺利衔接,为突破难点做好铺垫。
根据学习金字塔的理论,只有让学生们动手操作,甚至是教别人或马上应用才是最高效的学习方法。在本环节学生们说出自己想探究的问题,从生活经验进行多方位的猜想,拓展学习思路,小组自行合作设计实验方案,特别是如何探究影响摩擦力的因素,通过生生交流学会,通过我设计的火眼金睛环节等多种方式,真正学会控制变量法这一科学的探究问题的方法,学生们在尝试成功的喜悦之后,信心更足了,而教师此时及时肯定他们的猜想,,鼓励他们合理分工后动手去验证,引导他们进行数据分析,而对于学生们的其他猜想,也广泛讨论实验,本实验根据学生们的猜想变量太多,小组合作分两个阶段有秩序的进行实验,使课堂活而不乱,得出规范的结论,最后交流与评估。教师不仅仅关注学生们学习的结果,而且还重视学生们的学习过程,即使是失败了,反思后再实践验证,这也是一种收获。本环节,我采用小组实验比赛的方式,选出几个优胜小组来。
目的一是学会科学的探究问题的方法,增强学习信心;二是培养学生们的主动性、创造性、合作意识和团队精神;三是突破了本节课的难点。
为了让学生们多角度、多方法解决问题,开拓学生们的思维,我设计了通过手和桌子探究摩擦力的方法,简单且可操作性强,有利于学生们对影响摩擦力的这两个因素的进一步理解。
根据学生们学习注意力不持久的现象,在此掀起课堂的高潮,我设计了辩论赛这一环节,主要有四个目的,一是在课堂中引用竞争机制,以新颖的形式激发学生们的学习兴趣,调动学习积极性;二是增强学生们的应用物理知识的能力;三是培养学生们的语言表达能力;四是顺利的进行知识点间的过渡。
再薄的一张纸也有它的两面性,通过上面的辩论我们知道了生活中的摩擦力的两面性,所以要增大有益摩擦,减小有害摩擦,通过实例说出了具体的方法,从系鞋带到磁悬浮列车,加上老师展示的一些图片,使学生们大开眼界。这样不仅教会学生们辩证的看问题,同时也培养了学生们的发散思维,激发了对知识的渴求和对科学的热情。通过聪明屋的这一环节,,等到知识的升华。
达标测试环节,检验学生们在本节课的学习效果。
小结部分,先让学生们主动总结,学生们交流,看谁的收获多,查漏补缺,让学生们学会知识的梳理,形成系统的知识体系。
作业题设计注重知识的应用和创新,简单而新颖,让不同层次的学生们都有所收获。
这时我的板书设计,一目了然。
七、设计思路
我们学校一直推行“1525高效生命课堂”教学模式,目的是把更多的时间交给学生们。在这节课中,教师激趣诱导,情景教学;学生们探索发现,合作探究,同时加强合作交流,打造高效而有生命力的课堂。
以上是我对这一节课的看法,非常希望得到各位专家、同仁们的指点、帮助,进一步提升自己的专业素养。
5
安培力说课稿篇四
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安培力说课稿篇五
各位评委老师,您们好!我是伽师县六乡中学物理教师努尔斯曼姑丽·图尔逊,今天我说课的题目是:人教版八年级物理教材第四章《光现象》中第二节《光的反射》
《光的反射》是八年级物理,第四章第二节的内容,也是本章的教学重点内容,它与日常生活。生产。军事。航天技术有着密切的联系,属于理解的知识。本单元包括光的反射定律和平面镜成像两小节,本节说课我们只谈光的反射定律。光的反射定律是初中光学的核心内容之一,是光沿直线传播的引申,通过这节课的学习,可以为学习《平面镜成像》这一节铺平道路,同时也为学习光的折射奠定了基础,还可为高中进一步学习奠定基础。通过这节学习,可培养学生学习物理的兴趣,培养学生的观察能力。实验能力和分析归纳的能力。
根据全面提高学生素质的总体目标与《物理新课标》要求和本节教材内容及学生已有的认识基础,我确定本节的学习目标如下:
①知道光的反射现象
②理解光的反射定律,并用来解决一些简单问题。
③知道镜面反射和漫反射,都遵循光的反射定律。
④了解物理的研究方法:从实验中分析现象,归纳总结规律,培养学生观察分
析概括能力
①激发学生对自然现象学习、研究的兴趣。
②培养学生的观察、实验能力和应用知识解决问题的能力。
③经历探究"光反射时的规律",获得比较全面探究活动的体验。
①通过探究、实验,培养学生严谨的科学态度和与人合作的良好品质。 ②密切联系实际,增强学生将物理知识应用与日常生活和社会的意识。
(1)重点:通过实验探究光的反射定律,并且能够区分镜面反射和漫反射
(2)难点:理解光的反射定律。(教学过程中通过探究实验增强学生感性认识,从而加强对光的反射定律的理解。)
多方面,多角度为学生搭建学习的平台。体现学生为主题,教师为主导的地位。学生通过教师的指导结合自身的积极探索,用自己的实践去亲自感悟。教学过程体现师生交往、积极互动。
丰富的教学用具及设备提高了训练密度及广度,使教学过程从枯燥到有趣,从抽到形象。进行课堂演示实验并利用计算机多媒体辅助教学,不仅提供了大量的教学信息,使学生在生动形象的环境中,得以迅速理解和掌握物理规律。激发学生们的学习兴趣,调动他们的主动性、积极性、创造性。从而达到提高课堂教学效率的目的。
激光器、硬纸板、大头针、平面镜、量角器、计算机多媒体
教师提问:光源发出的光进入了人眼,人便看见了光源,那么人为什么能看见不发光的物体?从而引出课题
演示:光射到平面镜上的反射现象
概括:光射到物体表面上时,一部分光被反射回去的现叫光的反射
教师边演示边画图,并强调平面镜的光学符号的画法
一"点":入射点o
入射光线ao(强调:字母顺序,画实线,箭头及方向) 三"线" 反射光线ob (同上)
法线on 过入射点与镜面垂直的直线(画虚线)
两"角" 入射角i:入射光线与法线的夹角
反射角r:反射光线与法线的夹角
1、教师的演示,引导学生观察、分析、归纳
①当e、f屏在同一平面上时,可看到入射光和反射光,不在同一平面时,不能同时看到入射光和反射光,引导学生此现象说明:"三线共面".
②让学生观察:反射光、入射光和法线的位置关系。引导学生分析此现象说明:
"两线分居".
③让学生根据现象和测量填充表格,引导学生发现现象规律:入射角增大时,反射角也增大;反之亦然。反射角总等于入射角。
2、概括出光的反射定律。
3引申:法线既是镜面的垂线,又是反射光线与入射光线的夹角的角平分线
4、应用: ①求角(随堂教师举例) ②作图
1、对照课本4——16中的a、c两图分析说明特点:
镜面反射: ①反射面平滑②入射光平行,则反射光平行。
漫反射: ①反射面粗糙②入射光平行,反射光向各个方向。
2、强调二者都遵行光的反射定律
3、列举日常生活中两种反射的事例,并加以解释。
①看电影
②黑板反光
③雨后夜晚走路
引导学生小结知识要点:
(1)光线传播到两种不同物质界面时,发生反射现象。
(2)反射定律:反射光线,入射光线和法线在同一平面;反射光线和入射光线分居在法线的两侧:反射角等于入射角。
(3)光的反射分两种:镜面反射和漫反射。
课本76页练习1和学习达标训练
安培力说课稿篇六
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安培力说课稿篇七
1、知识与技能
知道二力平衡
2、过程与方法
通过探究了解二力平衡的条件、
3、情感态度与价值观
通过活动和阅读感受科学就在身边、
教学重点:二力平衡、
教学难点:二力平衡、
教学方法:实验探究法、练习法
教学用具:水平桌面、木板、滑轮两个、细线、钩码若干
一、新课引入
复习提问引入
牛顿一定律的内容是什么?
是不是只有不受力的物体才能保持静止、才能做匀速直线运动?请同学们举例说明。
引导:物体受外力作用时,也可能会保持静止状态或做匀速直线运动。引出平衡态的概念,进行新课教学。
二、新课教学
平衡状态
由上面学生举出的例子定义平衡状态。指出这时作用该物体上的几个力改变物体运动状态的效果互相平衡,或者说几个力互相平衡。物体受力平衡时最简单的情况是受两个力作用。
过渡:物体受力作用时满足什么条件才能保持平衡?
二力平衡条件
通过演示实验得出二力平衡的条件。
介绍实验装置如图12.6-1所示,用细线系住木板上的任意两个孔,细线的两端跨过桌边的滑轮各悬挂一个相同质量的钩码。
引导学生观察与思考下面问题。
木板是否静止?木板静止时受到的两个拉力的大小有什么关系?方向有什么关系?
把木板扭转一下,使两个力的作用线不在同一直线上,木板还能静止吗?重新平衡后,两个力的方向有什么特点?
在细线的两端悬挂质量不相同的钩码,木板还能静止吗?
任选其它两个孔重复上述实验。
引导学生根据观察结果自己得出结论。可在教师引导下由多名同学互相补充使其完善。
通过练习使学生掌握二力平衡条件的应用
请学生画出图中物体受力的示意图,并分析物体是否受到平衡力,哪一对力是二力平衡。
静止悬挂的电灯。
静止在桌面上的茶杯。
匀速运动的拖车。
巩固练习
1.放在水平桌面上的书所受力中,属于平衡力的是[]
a、书对桌面的压力与书所受的重力;
b、书对桌面的压力与桌面对书的支持力;
c、书所受的重力与桌面对书的支持力;
d、书对桌面的压力加上书的重力与桌面对书的支持力、
2、起重机的钢丝绳吊着重物,比较在重物静止时,重物匀速上升时,重物匀速下降时钢丝绳对重物的拉力大小,则()
a.重物匀速上升时,拉力最大
b.重物静止时,拉力最大
c.重物匀速下降时,拉力最大
d.上述三种情况,拉力一样大
三、总结、扩展
让学生讨论课本“想想议议”中的问题,总结力和运动的关系,使学生进一步理解保持静止或匀速直线运动的条件。
四、布置作业:课后“动手动脑学物理”。
安培力说课稿篇八
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安培力说课稿篇九
高中物理第一章第六节“力的分解”是在前五节学习了力的初步概念,常见力和力的合成的基础上,研究力的分解问题。它是前几节知识内容的深化,依据可逆性原理和等效思想强化矢量运算法则,同时矢量运算始终贯穿在高中物理知识内容的全过程,具有基础性和预备性,为以后学习位移、速度、加速度等矢量奠定基础。因此,本节内容具有承上启下的作用。
矢量概念是高中物理引进的重要概念之一,是初中知识的`扩展和深化。在初中物理中,学生只学习了同一直线上的力的合成,“代数和”的运算在学生头脑中已成定势,造成了学生的认知断层,因此本节教学的重点是:理解力的分解是力的合成的逆运算,在具体情况中运用平行四边形定则。教学难点是:力的分解中如何判断力的作用效果以及分力的方向。
以学生的发展为本,面向全体,全面发展,提高科学素养为指导思想,按教学大纲要求,结合新课程标准理念,提出三维教学目标:①知识目标:理解分力的概念及力的分解的含义,知道力的分解遵守平行四边形定则,理解力的分解的方法。②能力目标:强化“等效代替”的物理思维方法,培养观察、实验能力,培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。③德育目标:力的合成和分解符合对立统一规律,联系实际培养研究周围事物的习惯。
针对本节课的特点,采用实验体验、问题解决式教学法。其指导思想是请“学生主体,教师主导”观在教学中得以体现,从理论深入到实际。其操作策略是:①问题学生提。学生通过提出问题,体现了学生自主学习的主动性,有利于发展学生思维。②认知准备。注重学生认知准备,提高课堂教学的达成度,这堂课前的认知准备分两个层次,一是浅加工阶段的认知准备,如分力、力的分解概念等;二是深加工阶段的认知准备,学生提出的问题,能击中要害,抓住关键。③学生体验、感受,形成直觉思维,能突破难点,同时留下深刻印象。④巧用评价,激活学生内动力。采用师生情感共鸣、配合默契、体验成功的内在激励方式,从深层、长久、公平的角度,请评价内化为学生内动力。
①引导学生质疑。质疑在不好理解处,质疑在不好分析处,质疑在不好掌握处。②提供思维策略。用实际效果确定分力方向;用平行四边形定则确定分力大小。③教给分析方法。实际效果分析法,等效代替法。
1、课前预习,自主探索
①课前一天晚自习,引领学生学会预习,给足他们自主探索的时空,请学生带着一定的知识储备走进课堂,提高合作、探索学习的有效性。②提出问题(书面)教师汇集、列序。
2、创设情境,引入新课
这里有一个钩码,可用一根细线提起,可用两根细线提起,哪种情况细线容易被拉断。演示用一根细线提起来,再把此细线穿过钩码,两端上提分开,细线断了。以此激活课堂。
3、共识目标,质疑问难
同学们预习后提出了有价值、有水平的问题,解决这些问题,就能达到本节的教学目标。展示教学目标、展示经教师筛选、排序的问题,体现了教师的主导作用,真正做到了以学定教。
4、循疑而进,问题解决
①什么是分力?什么是力的分解?属表征问题,学生在书上勾画(多媒体展示)。
②为什么说力的分解是力的合成的逆运算?
请学生回答:合力可等效代替两分力,那么两分力就可等效代替合力?因为分力的合力就是原来被分解的那个力(语言加工)。从而领会分力与合力的关系:等效代替不能共存。”
③什么情况下力的分解有确定的解?
请学生画,同桌讨论,看教材上图1—29。引导学生总结:已知两个分力的方向或已知一个分力的大小和方向,两种情况有确定的解。(这不是重点,欲放即收,决不越俎代疱)。
④在具体问题中怎样进行力的分解?
通过实例分析说明:为什么要分解?实际效果怎样定?分力方向如何找?分力大小如何求?
例1 放在水平面上的物体受一个斜向上方的拉力f,请把f分解。
长胶板两端搁置,中间放一木块,用斜向上的力拖木块。运动一段位移,请学生观察此力的效果:长胶板弯曲程度减小,木块水平起动(可多媒体展示)。
讲清三个层面:①没有沿f的方向起动,说明没有沿f方向的效果,因为有两个效果,所以要分解。②胶板弯曲程度减小,即“垂直上提”和“水平起动”两个效果确定两个分力的方向。③平行四边形定则确定两个分力的大小,接着计算求解(以上用动画展示,绝不在数学上花功夫)。
例2 物体静止在倾角为θ的斜面上,其重力产生的效果怎样?
先请学生把教材放在手掌上,手掌斜向下,有何感觉?再请学生分析、作图、计算,教师巡视、纠编,找出做得好的通过实物展台请学生观看,作出评价。最后,实验验证:橡皮绳一端系方木块,另一端固定在倾斜的胶板上。
观察重力的效果。抬高胶板,使倾斜角增大,观察重力的两个效果的变化情况并与求解的分力表达式对照。请思考:斜面上的情况,重力一定沿斜面分解吗?怎样分解?如图2,把重力g分解为垂直档板的f1和垂直斜面的f2。
5、联系实际,实践探索
学生阅读教材,第一段和最后一段(拖拉机拉耙来耙地,车辆上桥、下桥),深挖教材的编写规律。讨论:为什么公园滑梯倾角大而大桥要修很长的引桥来减小倾角?
6、回顾反思,学有所得
同学们,依据上例的解题过程,请你总结力的分解的方法:①根据实例效果确定分力的方向;②由平行四边形定则确定分力大小。
7、思维策略,巩固训练
①如图3支架,绳子对o点的拉力产生什么效果。
请一名学生上讲台,手伸直拿住竹杆的一端,另一端插在腰上,在手握处挂上适当重量(50n)的水桶,请他谈谈感受。同桌的同学,一人手叉腰,另一人使劲压,互相交换做,这种自我感受、合作学习,使课堂气氛热烈、活跃,学生印象深刻。
教师展示分解过程,讲解分解方法。创设问题,不知δabo的角度,怎样计算分力大小呢?造成认知冲突,提出作图法求解,教师讲解此法,使本节课有整体建构。
②同学们,一根线和两根线悬挂同一砝码,两根线的张角较大时,易断!知道为什么吗?多媒体展示画好了的几幅力的分解力,可得出结论。
8、总结扩展,突出重点
①力的分解是力的合成的逆运算,同样遵守平行四边形定则;②在具体情境中用实际效果去分解力;③分力的大小可计算、可作图。
9、作业布置,开放练习
①观察身边的力的分解实例;②书面作业。
安培力说课稿篇十
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安培力说课稿篇十一
《力在哪里》选自苏教版小学《科学》四年级下册第四单元《无处不在的力》。本单元属于“物质世界”板块中“运动与力”的范畴,《力在哪里》是本单元的起始课,着重指导同学在对日常生活中力的经验与体验的基础上,初步认识和发现有关力的科学规律,突出“力对物体运动状态和形状的影响”以和“力有大小和方向”这两个基本要素,为后面的各种力的研究打好基础。
力是无形的,对于四年级的同学来说有些笼统,根据同学的实际情况和对教材编写意图的分析,我调整了教学内容,首先引导同学对生活中与力有关的各种现象进行观察、描述,从而发现力的存在,然后组织同学运用一组资料进行有关力的实验,并通过对实验现象的整理和分析认识到“力对物体的运动状态和形状的影响”以和“力有大小和方向”这两个基本要素。这局部是引导同学开展科学探究活动的重要内容,是本课的重点,对这个实验的设计与控制是本课的难点。接着,再引导同学通过科学游戏加深对力的了解,体验力的基本要素在生活中的应用,最后是课外延伸,拓展对力的认识。
小学科学课的总目标是培养同学的科学素养,它包括,培养同学初步的科学探究能力,培养同学对待自然、社会和个人的正确情感、态度、价值观,并获得一些基本的科学知识。根据本课的知识结构,我制定的教学目标是:
1、同学能够收集事例,通过物体的运动状态、形状的变化和人的感受说明生活中力的存在。
2、同学能够通过实验探究力对物体运动状态、形状的影响,体验力有大小和方向。
3、让同学关注生活中的科学,喜欢进行科学探究活动,并从中体验和感受到乐趣。
为了配合本课的教学,我制作了多媒体课件,采用的分组实验资料有:篮球、弹珠、磁铁小车、气球,棋子和打靶纸,实验记录卡。
这些资料看似杂乱无章,但却与本课的知识点有着密切的联系。在整个探究过程中,这四种资料都能协助同学体会到各种力的存在、力发生的效果和力的要素。其中,同学可通过拍、踢、滚、推、抛、压等方式来玩篮球,从中发现力对物体运动状态和形状的影响,体验力的大小和方向,同时也渗透了推力、弹力、和重力的知识;在玩弹珠和磁铁小车的过程中同学能体会到力是物体间的相互作用,所不同的是弹珠间的碰撞是一种外力,而磁铁间的吸引则是一种内力;气球可吹、可拉、可拍,能很好地协助同学体会力对物体形状的影响,同时也渗透了压力、弹力和反冲力。
《科学课程规范》强调:亲身经历以探究为主的学习活动是同学学习科学的主要途径。科学课程应向同学提供充沛的探究的机会。教师是科学学习的组织者、引领者和亲密的伙伴。遵循这些理念,我为本课设计了这样的三个环节:
(一)激发兴趣,游戏导入
游戏是同学喜闻乐见的一种学习方式,因此,本课开课时,我就组织同学两人一组,玩顶腰游戏,然后谈一谈游戏感受,让同学体会到力是物体之间的相互作用,从而引出并板书课题——力在哪里。
紧接着,请同学说一说:生活中哪里还有力的存在?同学可联系生活实际各抒已见。
(二)实验探究,寻找秘密
1、分组实验。
“爱玩”是小朋友的天性。因此,在同学结合生活经验找到力之后,我出示了一组实验资料,并组织同学以四人小组为单位进行分组实验,从实验中发现力的有关信息。各小组依照这样几个步骤来探究:
(1)选出小小记录员;
(2)商量玩法,提出探究活动的大致思路;
(3)动手实验,收集信息;
(4)用自身善长的方式填写实验记录单。
2、分组收拾资料,整理信息。
在同学完成实验后,我先要求同学30秒迅速收拾资料,注意培养同学良好的实验习惯。然后给时间同学在组内进一步整理和完善实验记录单,回顾游戏过程,梳理实验现象,最后将记录单张贴到黑板上。
3、全班交流,收集整理信息。
贴完后,再请各组代表根据实验记录单来汇报交流。
在同学汇报时,我注意了以下几个方面的指导:
战略一:一开始,同学一般会按自身的思路无序地描述实验现象,那么我会引导同学依照玩资料的顺序来依次描述,先完整地描述完一种资料的玩法和看到的现象,再介绍第二种,这样就能有序地,不重复,不遗漏地描述各种实验现象了。
战略二:同学对实验现象的描述经常带有自身生活化的语言,而不能科学地表达,这就需要教师和时对发言准确、有条理的同学进行鼓励,适时点拨、提炼新知,激励其他人认真倾听“取人之长”,逐步培养同学良好的倾听习惯和口头表达能力。
4、归纳概括,得出结论。
在充沛收集信息的基础上,我引导同学以小组为单位开展研究讨论,对组内收集到的信息进行分析、归类,找出各种实验现象中的一起点,然后在空白实验单上记录分类情况,并展示出来。在同学汇报分类结果时,我会请同学说一说你的分类依据是什么,假如同学归类正确,就可能通过分析自身组的分类依据,从而得出这两个的结论,教师有序板书。
力能改变物体的运动状态。
力能改变物体的形状。
由于探究能力有限,同学往往不能有准确的表述,那么此时教师的主导作用就显得尤为重要,巧妙引导,协助同学跳一跳摘到桃子。
同学可以比较轻松地得出力能让物体运动起来或是停下来,此时同学需要教师协助其认识到:运动和静止都是物体的一种运动状态,从而得出准确的结论:力能改变物体的运动状态。
对于力有大小和方向这个结论的归纳,我们可以请两个同学在同一个地方拍同一个篮球,引导同学仔细观察,想一想为什么这个人拍篮球弹得高些,那个人拍篮球弹得低些,那是因为他们用力的大小不同,还可以从同学的实验记录单中列举几种物体滚动方向不同的情况,从而认识到力有方向,能改变物体的运动方向。同学通过观察、类推可以认识到其实众多实验现象中都渗透着力有大小和方向。
5、科学游戏——打靶。
在归纳出力的相关知识后,我设计了一个打靶游戏,让同学在游戏过程中进一步体会力的大小和方向在实际生活中的应用。
(三)联系实际,解决问题。
在课的最后,我设计了一个生活情境,组织同学研讨:如何轻松地移动一个大箱子?目的是为了让同学联系生活实际,发生新的问题,并运用所学的科学知识去发明性地解决问题,为后面各种力的同学作铺垫。
以上就是我的优秀教案,通过教学,让同学亲历知识发生、发展、形成的全过程,使他们像科学家那样进行科学探究,体验学习科学的乐趣。
安培力说课稿篇十二
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安培力说课稿篇十三
《二力平衡》一课是苏科版八年级下第九章第一节,是学生在第八章已经建立了力的概念的基础上进行学习的,二力平衡是物体受力平衡最简单的情况,体现了由简单到复杂的认知规律,为后面研究牛顿第一定律、分析力与运动的关系、压强、浮力的学习等设下伏笔。起到了承上启下的作用,所以学习这节课有重要的意义。
根据学科、教材的特点、课程标准及新课程改革教学理念。在教学中应重视学生的观察和实验,从具体到抽象的认知规律,重视学生的逻辑思维,分析能力的培养,对本节课制定了以下目标:
(1)、对于平衡态的物体进行受力分析,认识平衡力的概念
(2)、知道二力平衡的条件
(3)、知道二力平衡时物体的运动状态
(4)、会用二力平衡条件解决简单的平衡问题
通过观察演示实验得出二力平衡条件,进一步体会控制变量法的应用,通过分析实例加深对知识的理解
通过对实验的观察、分析、探索、领略科学探究方法,养成实事求是尊重自然规律的科学态度,体会自然现象中的美妙与和谐,培养学生对自然的热爱,加强学生之间的交流与合作。
二力平衡是本章的重点,是今后对物体进行受力分析,学习压强和浮力,分析力与运动的基础,所以二力平衡条件是本节的重点。初中学生的推断能力普遍停留在经验的水平上,抽象思维能力还没有完善,对物体受平衡力都的分析判断比较盲目,因此运用平衡条件解决实际问题是本节的难点。
1.学生已有的知识基础
学生在第八章已经建立了力的概念,学习了弹力、重力、摩擦力,会画力的示意图,知道了物体间力的作用是相互的。这些为本节课提供了必要的知识基础。
2.学生已有的科学探究方法基础
学生在学习速度、密度知识时,对控制变量法有了一定的认识和应用,可以迁移类推到本课,并通过比较、概括、归纳得出结论。这些都为本节课的学习提供了有利的方法基础。
3.学生的思维障碍
学生现有的经验认识存在一定的错误性。如物体静止在空中要使它匀速上升或下降,所用的拉力必然大于或小于物体受到的重力。这一错误的认识造成学生对物体在平衡状态下,对平衡力大小的理解产生思维障碍;学生已学习了相互作用力,相互作用力与平衡力在大小方向上有共同的特点,学生很容易混淆,对物体受力分析方面有思维障碍。
依据教材内容、学科特点、学生认知规律结合我校的实际情况,在教学过程中采用观察法、演示法、探究法、讨论法、分析归纳法、练习法等多种教学方法,激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学生认识的深度和广度。
利用多媒体图片、列举生活中的实例,提出问题:这些物体处于什么状态?它们受力作用吗?分别受哪几个力的作用?讨论总结出几个力平衡和平衡状态、二力平衡等概念。
引导学生从两个力的三要素去探究;启发学生用控制变量的方法
演示探究二力平衡的条件:介绍实验装置,讨论操作方法。
归纳总结二力平衡条件:
为了方便学生记忆,把实验结论概括为:同体、等大、反向、共线。这样更为清晰明确,方便学生记忆运用。
(1)物体受平衡力作用时,能保持静止或匀速直线运动;物体受非平衡力作用,运动状态发生改变。
(2)比较平衡力与相互作用力的异同
大小相等、方向相反、作用在同一直线作用在不同物体上作用在同一物体上以便学生建立准确的概念,正确的进行受力分析。
学以致用,物理课来源于生活应用与实际,关键在于培养学生解决实际问题的能力,我从平衡力的判断、方向大小应用等方面设置了练习题,以便学生牢固掌握所学知识并灵活运用。
1、平衡状态、平衡力、二力平衡
2、二力平衡条件
3、平衡力和相互作用力的异同
4、二力平衡条件的应用
对所学内容进行归纳小结,培养的学生分析归纳的能力,去粗取精,条理清晰,加深学生对各个知识点逻辑关系理解,形成知识网络,帮助学生更好的掌握所学内容。
课堂时间有限,学生程度参差不齐,一定数量的作业,有利于知识内化、能力的提升。
以上是我根据课标、学情、学科特点谈的我的教学设计,请各位老师批评指正。
安培力说课稿篇十四
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安培力说课稿篇十五
“二力平衡”这节的内容涉及到最简单的受力分析和最基本的运动状态分析,它也是将来学习多力平衡的基础,因此它是初中物理的学习重点之一。
二力平衡这一节内容安排在第三章《运动和力》的第五节,它的前面是力、力的测量、重力和同一直线的二力合成,后面是摩擦力、力和运动的关系。本节内容需要以机械运动、物体运动状态的改变、力、力的作用效果和重力等知识为基础。
关于平衡状态的概念,教材是直接给出。但是生活经验和直觉告诉学生:静止的物体是平衡状态,而对于做匀速直线运动的物体也是平衡状态却没有这种认知。为此,在教学过程中,先由学生根据运动状态是否改变将运动状态进行分类,通过老师引导,得出静止和匀速直线运动都是平衡状态。
探究二力平衡条件的实验,根据教材要求,要分别探究静止物体和匀速直线运动物体的二力平衡条件。对于静止物体的平衡条件比较容易探究,采用学生实验寻找结论;对于做匀速直线运动物体的二力平衡条件探究,由于匀速直线运动不好控制,因此本节课采用dis探究实验进行研究,学生通过观察图像,分析匀速上升的钩码受到的拉力和重力之间的关系,得出平衡条件。
根据课程标准的要求,本节的三维教学目标制定如下:
【知识与技能】①知道物体的平衡状态。②掌握二力平衡的条件。③会用二力平衡的条件判断一对平衡力。
【过程与方法】①经历探究二力平衡条件的过程,感受实验观察、分析、归纳的科学方法。
②通过dis实验探究做匀速直线运动物体的二力平衡条件的过程,感受用图像来分析物理问题的方法,体验信息技术的发展给学习带来的变革。
【情感态度与价值观】①在新课引入时,通过直升机空投救灾物资的情景,感受生命的重要性。②在探究二力平衡条件的实验中,分工合作做实验,交流、归纳结论,养成合作学习的习惯。③通过了解二力平衡在生活中的实际应用,感悟生活中处处有物理,激发用所学知识解释生活现象的兴趣。
本节的重点是二力平衡的条件。难点是二力平衡条件的探究过程。
为突破本节的重点和难点,本节按照以下思路进行教学:以实验和实例分析为基础,以学生分组讨论、教师点拨为基本方法。通过学生探究静止小车所受的拉力关系和老师演示用传感器探究做匀速直线运动物体拉力与重力的关系的实验,归纳得出二力平衡条件;通过对实例的分析,加深对二力平衡条件的理解。
要突出的重点是:二力平衡条件。方法是:通过实验,观察、分析、归纳得出二力平衡条件;通过对实例的分析、讨论,加深理解二力平衡的条件。
要突破的难点是:探究做匀速直线运动物体的二力平衡条件;本节课就是通过dis演示实验突破难点,通过dis演示实验,得到物体做匀速直线运动时的f—t图像,组织学生对图像进行讨论、分析,逐步归纳得出物体做匀速直线运动时的二力平衡条件。
学生是课堂教学的主体,本节课的教学过程中,通过设问,猜想,实验的基本步骤,引导学生逐步得出静止物体的二力平衡所要满足的四个要素,即:同体、等大、反向、共线。进而演示实验,通过问题引导,学生分析匀速直线运动物体的f-t图像,进一步得出匀速直线运动物体的二力平衡条件。整个过程中,学生在问题的引导下一步步的找到结论。运用学生对问题的好奇心,以及喜欢动手的特点,让学生亲身经历实验探究,感悟科学研究中实验探究的重要性和作用。让学生在轻松、自主、讨论的学习环境下完成学习任务。最后让学生列举生活中二力平衡的实例。感受所学知识在生活中的运用。
依据教学目标,我把本节课设计为以下五个环节:
环节一:情景引入:
从学生已有的知识,对运动状态的分析,提出平衡状态的概念。
环节二:认识平衡与平衡力
要求学生对所列举的几个物体进行受力分析,对平衡物体的受力有个全面地认识,进一步指出一个物体如果只受两个力的作用而平衡叫二力平衡,既澄清了概念,又明确了本节课的主要任务。
环节三:实验探究
活动一:学生探究实验
设问:物体受两个力要处于静止状态,两力满足怎样的条件?
猜想:引导学生从力的三要素来考虑。
在猜想的基础上,以小组形式,结合老师提供的实验器材进行设计实验,并合理的完成实验:交流实验结论,得到静止物体的二力平衡条件。
活动二:演示实验
设问:用绳拉着物体匀速上升,物体受到的拉力和重力又满足怎样的条件呢?
演示:分析f-t 图像,得到匀速直线运动物体的二力平衡条件。
归纳两个实验得出二力平衡的条件
环节四:实际应用,巩固提高
利用二力平衡知识,联想生活中二力平衡的实例.解释杂技表演中的平衡道理。提高应用意识。
环节五: 归纳总结
总之,这节课学生从已有认知出发,以实验探究为主线,通过分析、归纳等一系列活动得出结论,整个学习过程,学生不仅学到了知识,发展了能力,而且还提升了情感。
本节课为了探究二力平衡的条件,设置了两个实验,分别探究物体静止和做匀速直线运动时二力平衡条件,课堂实验气氛较活跃,教学内容能够顺利的完成。
对于学生实验:通过问题情境的设置,引导学生猜想两个水平方向上的拉力应满足的条件,学生基本能够猜想正确,并且能够根据提供的实验器材设计实验,对猜想加以探究,在老师的引导下,逐步找到了静止物体的二力平衡条件。
对于演示实验:基本达到了预期的设计要求。
关于这节课,有以下不足之处:
1、新课引入时,分析匀速吊起的货物受力情况时,没有很好引导,以致学生分析时有点偏离主题。
2、在用所学知识举出生活中的二力平衡实例时,学生举到了教室中的电灯,此时电灯受到了两个拉力作用,涉及到了多力平衡。而此时我为了把学生引入到上课的主题,也没有很好的扩展。使得教学过程流于完成教学任务的形式。
本节课完全是以学生自主探究获得物理规律的探究课,上完这节课,我感到了要上好这节课的难度。因为要把握好此类课堂,教师不再仅仅是知识的传授者而是需要教师是学生的引导者、组织者和帮助者,需要教师转变观念,用新的思想和理念引导学生进行探究实验,同时对学生提出的问题要有正确的引导与分析,这样才能上好一堂有质量的好课。
安培力说课稿篇十六
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安培力说课稿篇十七
通过本课劳动作品的欣赏使学生体会到劳动的伟大。知道和理解美术作品所表现的劳动性质和劳动情节并有所体会。感受作品中的劳动场景和人物的劳动心情和态度,从中得到审美的体验。
首先让学生观看一些劳动的场景片段或图片提问:这些人们在做什么?他们的表情和动态表现出什么样的心情?等等学生回答:某某劳动的场景。让学生交流片段中劳动的体会和认识。
教师总结引入:劳动是艺术创作经常表现的题材之一。劳动创造世界。
1、 思考:这些作品表现什么样的劳动场景?(捣练是什么意思?)这些美术作品所表现的劳动性质和情节是什么?(结合时代的特点)对作品中人物的劳动心情和态度有什么感受?
(提醒学生进行换位思考)
2、师生共同分析范画:(学生可根据前面的问题作为切入点进行深入分析)
如:《粮食》表现的是什么场景?人物的劳动心情和态度是什么样的?总结:劳动、丰收的喜悦。
如:《牛耕》表现的是什么劳动?
《纺织女》表现的是什么情节?人物的动态表现了什么样的心情?
《播种者》表达的是什么样的希望? 等等。
3、 学生分组讨论:
(分小组讨论):在你的成长过程中经历过什么劳动让你最难忘,通过这节课的欣赏,你对你所经历过的劳动有什么新的感受?你认为劳动是一种美吗?
(可以让学生进行角色转换,可以让学生描述或模仿某幅作品中的人物,体验劳动者的动态、心情,从中体会劳动者的美好创造,感受人类劳动的意义,结合时代的特点让学生在欣赏中体会劳动的伟大。)
4、 教师总结:
肯定学生的讨论成果,鼓励学生的创新思维。
可结合学生自身的某些体会,给予提示,体会动手劳动后的喜悦,进而认识劳动和我们的生活是紧密联系的。劳动是人类创造力的源泉。
根据我们的欣赏我们体会到,不同时代的作品表现的劳动题材的主题是不同的,例如:
1、《夯歌》、《捣练》里面表现的劳动场景我们现在还能不能见到?他们有什么样的时代和社会特点呢?
2、《清明上河图》所选的是局部,那么他的全景又是什么样的?
3、《戈射收获图》是汉代的画像砖,那么画像砖是用来干什么的,你还能找到什么样的画像砖或画像石的作品?
这些问题我们同学们可以课下查阅相关资料,看谁能把资料搜集的最全面,下节课我们共同来讨论、学习。
安培力说课稿篇十八
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安培力说课稿篇十九
1.具有对科学的求知欲,乐于探索日常生活中的物理现象和规律;
2.经历观察物理现象的过程,能简单描述所观察到的物理现象的主要特征,有初步的观察能力;能在观察物理现象的过程中发现一些问题,有初步提出问题的能力。
以新课标要求为理念,教学过程以学生为主体,主要通过问题引导和实验探究指导学生认识静摩擦力和滑动摩擦力的规律,培养学生的实验探究能力和物理思维方式。
1.知识技能
(1) 认识静摩擦力的规律;知道最大静摩擦力与滑动摩擦力间的关系;
(2) 认识滑动摩擦力的规律;知道滑动摩擦力与哪些因素有关;
(3) 能运用动摩擦因数计算摩擦力。
2.过程与方法
(1) 经历探究实验的过程,学习从实验结果总结规律的方法;
(2) 学习通过查阅资料的形式,了解生活中的摩擦力现象;
(3) 通过对生活中各种摩擦的观察与思考,学习结果表述的方法。
3.情感态度与价值观
在理解摩擦力的利与弊过程中,领略自然界的和谐和奇妙,使学生的价值观得到提升。
1. 引入
分组讨论:生活中关于静摩擦力和滑动摩擦力的例子有哪些?
2. 新课
(1)静摩擦力
思考与提问:你对静摩擦力的认识有多少?你所知道的静摩擦力的规律有哪些?
以下根据学生道出的关于静摩擦力的规律进行有目的的引导和对错误观念进行纠正,重点放在静摩擦力产生的条件和大小变化的规律,并引入最大静摩擦力。
堂上小练:请分析以下三种情况木块受到的静摩擦力,并准确把该静摩擦力在图上标出
(a) (b)(c)
木块受到水平方向的外力木块受到水平向右的外力木块受到水平向右的外力为0,保持静止f=1n ,保持静止 f=3n ,保持静止
引导学生利用初中二力平衡的相关知识分析静摩擦力的大小,结合图讨论木块所受静摩擦力的作用点和方向,归纳出静摩擦力与接触面相切。
实验与探究一:研究静摩擦力的规律
实验器材:木块、弹簧秤、砝码、粗糙木板
带着问题完成实验,并把有关数据填入课本p42表3-2-1中
①用弹簧秤水平拉木块,逐渐增大拉力,静摩擦力有何变化?与弹簧秤拉力读数有何关系?依据是?
②观察弹簧秤拉力增大到什么程度木块刚被拉动?(引入最大静摩擦力)
③木块被拉动后匀速运动,根据初中学过的知识,这时受到的摩擦力叫滑动摩擦力,如何读出滑动摩擦力的大小?
④对比最大静摩擦力与滑动摩擦力的大小有何关系?
⑤在木块上增加砝码,对最大静摩擦力有没有影响?
实验后小组讨论,归纳规律,教师引导学生得出静摩擦力产生的条件:
a.互相接触且挤压
b.接触面粗糙且双方有相对运动
以及静摩擦力大小和最大静摩擦力大小的规律
(2)滑动摩擦力
引入:a. 刚才的实验可观察到滑动摩擦力是一个怎样的力?(引导学生归纳滑动摩擦力是两个互相接触的物体有相对运动,物体之间存在着的摩擦力)
b. 刚才的实验给我们暗示了一个测量滑动摩擦力大小的方法,是什么?
安培力说课稿篇二十
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安培力说课稿篇二十一
“力的分解”是人教版物理必修ⅰ第三章第五节的内容,是在学生学习了前一章“力的基础知识”及“力的合成”之后而编排的。由于分解法是处理力的运算的手段和方法。它为位移、速度、加速度等矢量的分解及牛顿第二定律的应用奠定了基础。并且它对矢量运算普遍遵从的规律“平行四边形定则”作了更加深入的应用。所以说本节内容显得尤其重要。
(二)教学目标
根据新课程标准,我设计如下的三维目标。
1、知识目标:
(1)认识力的分解同样遵守平行四边形定则,可以有无数组解。
(2)知道力按作用效果分解,并能根据具体情况运用力的平行四边形定则,根据几何关系求解分力。
2、过程与方法:
(1)在过程中观察合力与分力关系,会分析物体受力及作用效果。
(2)通过具体实例,了解力的分解。
(3)知道某些情况下,分力可以比合力大,而且可大很多。
3、情感目标:
培养分析观察能力,物理思维能力和科学的研究态度。
(三)教学重点和难点教学重点:
掌握力的分解方法对学生运用牛顿第二定律,特别是为以后学习动力学知识更为重要。因此我确定本节的重点内容为:力的分解方法。教学难点:
目前学生的主要困惑是:如何正确分解一个已知力?因此我把本节课的难点内容确定为:如何根据力的作用效果确定两个分力的方向。
在教法上采用实验演示、师生讨论的教学方法。学法上让学生观察实验、实验探究、分组交流等,使学生主动、积极参与到学习中来,充分体现了学生的主体地位,让学生在动手探究的过程中体验和发现成功的喜悦。
学生通过上一节知识的学习,已掌握了合力与分力的等效替代的方法,并通过力的图示法认识了力的平行四边形定则,为本节课的探究学习奠定基础。
基于以上分析,为使本堂课围绕重点、突破难点,同时让学生在课堂教学中能力得到提高,我设计如下教学过程。
(一)新课引入创设情景(视频播放)
为什么人从绳子的中间用力拉时能够容易把车拉动呢?借以引入新课。设计意图:我从生活情景中引入新课,是为了激发学生的好奇心,活跃课堂学习氛围,同时能培养学生学习物理的兴趣。
(二)新课教学
先复习力的合成,以便于学生学习新课。提出问题:力的分解应如何进行?
学生讨论得出结论:力的分解是力的合成的逆运算。
⑶如何确定两个分力的方向呢?根据平行四边形定则来分解又如何呢?
这样设计是使学生明确已知一个力,如果根据平行四边形定则可以作出无数多个分力。
如果给定两个分力的方向,分解的答案能唯一确定吗?
⑷探究ⅰ(演示实验)
观察在斜面上的小车,其重力产生的效果。
步骤一:倾角不变情况下,在小车上一大钩码,待稳定后引导学生观察。
步骤二:在小车重力不变情况下,改变倾斜角,引导学生观察。设计意图:用软的薄板做斜面是使小车重力压斜面的效果更加的明显;用弹簧是让学生更容易观察小车重力产生沿着斜面向下滑的作用效果。
课堂训练:已知一个力,根据这个力的作用效果来确定两个分力的方向,接着根据平行四边形定则计算分力的大小。
⑸探究ⅱ(分组实验)
设问:如图,大人斜向上拉车的力产生哪些效果?
[器材](每两个学生一套)台秤、木块(一侧面带羊眼)、夹有滑轮的支架各一个,钩码细线若干。[步骤]
①把木块放在台秤上,如图,在实验记录表中第一行记录台秤的读数。
②用细绳一端与木块上的羊眼相连,另一端与钩码相连,并把绳子挂在支架上的滑轮上。保持滑轮的高度不变,增加绳上的钩码,在表中记录台秤相应的读数。
③保持钩码不变,改变滑轮的高度h,在表格中记录台秤相应的读数。
设计意图:通过探究实验,让学生亲自体验科学探究过程,并在探究的过程中突破教学重点和难点。使学生明确斜向上的拉力产生两个作用效果,一个是竖直向上拉物体的作用效果,另一个作用效果是使物体向前滑动。
课堂训练:已知一个力,根据这个力的作用效果来确定两个分力的方向,接着根据平行四边形定则计算分力的大小。
结论:确定两个分力的方向后,根据几何知识就能计算分力的大小。
设计意图:培养学生利用知识去分析问题、解决问题,同时提高学生应用知识的能力。
⑹利用力的分解知识解释下列现象①呼应新课引入(视频播放)
设问:为什么人从绳子中间拉车时更容易把车拉动呢?为什么将绳子逐渐拉开时,绳子会断呢?②动画演示。
设计意图:创造一个充满活力的课堂,培养学生应用物理知识来解决生活问题,让学生从生活走进物理,从物理走进生活。同时使用动画演示,使课堂教学的效率大大提高。
(整个授课过程大约30分钟)
①根据力的实际效果进行力的分解。
②根据力的平行四边形定则计算分力的大小。③分力可以比合力大
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安培力说课稿篇二十三
我今天说课的题目是初中八年级下册《摩擦力》。根据新课标的理念,对于本节课
我将以教什么、怎么教、为什么这样教为思路,从教材分析、教学目标、教学方法、教学过程等几个方面加以说明。
本节课是人教版八年级下册物理教材第八章《运动和力》中的第三节,本节课的主要内容是滑动摩擦力的定义、影响滑动摩擦力的因素,及"增大和减小摩擦的方法"。摩擦力是初中物理力学中的最基础的知识,是力学中重要的台阶。本节课是学生在学习了力、重力、弹力以及掌握了二力平衡的基础上学习的,它也是今后学习压强、浮力等概念规律的基础。通过本节课的学习可以提高学生利用知识解决实际问题的能力,并且帮助对力的概念形成起到巩固和深化的作用。
其次我谈一下学情,学生已经学习了力的初步知识,对力的三要素已经有所了解,同时还学会了弹簧测力计的使用和匀速直线运动等知识。加上学生日常生活中经常与摩擦力的接触,所以能够理解摩擦力的相关知识。
根据新课标的标准,教材特点、学生的实际,我确定了如下的教学目标
知道什么是滑动摩擦力
通过实验探究滑动摩擦力的概念,让学生经历科学探究的过程,培养学生的探究能力。
通过参与动手实验,培养学生勇于探究、实事求是的科学态度,以及乐于与他人合作的精神。
教学重点:探究滑动摩擦力的大小与什么因素有关
教学难点:探究实验的过程设计和实验数据表格设计
考虑到初中生的现状,基于本节课的特点,我主要采用了以下的教学方法:情境教学法、实验教学法。
德国教育学家第斯多慧:差的教师只会奉送真理,好的教师则教给学生如何发现真理。在指导学生的学习方法和培养学生的学习能力方面主要采取以下方法:动手操作法、分析归纳法、合作探究法。
教学过程分为导入新课、建立概念、深化概念、巩固概念、小结作业这五个环节。
首先进入导入新课环节,在这个环节采用情景导入法;首先我会播放一组视频:足球在草地上滚动越来越慢,最后停下来;矿泉水的瓶盖上有许多竖纹;运动员赛跑时穿着带有铁钉的跑鞋;生锈的铁锁打不开,当加了几滴油后就可以打开了等。引导学生思考讨论这些现象的原因,从而引出课题《摩擦力》。
设计意图:通过播放视频、设疑,引出摩擦现象,激发学生的好奇心和求知欲,为摩擦力概念的学习做铺垫。
接下来进入建立概念环节,在这个环节采用活动实验教学法,为了增强学生的体验,让学生参与以下两个小实验并观察实验现象:
1.将手掌用力压在桌面上,并在其上滑动,体会桌面对手的前进有什么影响?
2.将牙刷的刷毛直立在课桌的表面,用力推动或拉动牙刷,观察刷牙弯曲的方向与牙刷运动的方向有什么关系?
(1)什么是滑动摩擦力?
(2)滑动摩擦力的作用点在哪儿?
(3)滑动摩擦力的方向又是怎样的?
让学生先独立思考,之后同桌交流,在此期间,教师巡视给出点拨指导,之后请小组代表发言,同学回答之后师生共同总结出摩擦力的相关概念。
由于学生初步接触相对运动,对它的意义理解不是很透彻,因此我会重点强调:滑动摩擦力的方向与相对运动方向相反,“相对”指的是相对接触面。
设计意图:通过学生亲身感受、讨论、交流、概括,使其初步感知摩擦力的存在,能够充分发挥学生的主体意识,培养学生的观察、分析与概括能力,使学生亲近物理,拉近物理与生活的距离。
接下来进入巩固概念环节,为了加深学生对滑动摩擦力概念的理解,设计难易程度不同的练习题来进行练习。
设计意图:通过分层练习,巩固所学知识,强化重点,深化难点。可以满足不同学生的学习需求,也符合我们新课标的因材施教。
提问的方式让学生来总结这节课有什么收获,或者还有什么问题要继续思考探究?
设计意图:通过学生小结和质疑,培养学生语言组织能力和逻辑思维能力,及敢于创新、乐于思考精神。
安培力说课稿篇二十四
各位评委、各位老师,大家好!今天我说课的题目是人教版九年级物理第十二章《运动和力》的第四节《力》。我将从以下几个方面进行我的说课:教材分析、学情分析、学习目标分析、教法分析、学法分析、教学过程、板书设计。
一、教材分析
本节内容的特点是:“力”的概念较抽象,但贴近生活,相关事例十分普遍,尽管抽象概括性强,但较易吸引学生参与思考、讨论。
“力”的概念是物理学中最基本、最重要的概念之一,它贯穿了力学乃至整个物理学的始终,是学好力学的基础,是今后进一步学习压强、浮力、简单机械、功、功率等知识的基础。因此,本节是初中物理的重点,并且力在日常的生产生活中应用十分广泛,因此这一节无论在知识学习和培养学生的能力上都有着十分重要的作用。
二、学情分析
我将从学生的年龄特点、兴趣、认知基础、技能基础还有思维障碍这几个方面进行分析:
年龄特点:九年级学生思维活跃,有旺盛的求知欲,强烈的操作兴趣、对探究活动充满渴求,这对新课的学习有很大的帮助。
兴趣:力的概念虽然比较抽象,但教材中很多内容学生已具有比较丰富的感性认识,通过引导相信学生会有浓厚的兴趣。
认知基础:学生通过前几节课的学习对运动的有关知识有了初步的认识。
技能基础:九年级学生在以前的学习中进行过许多探究实验,具有一定的自主探究能力和学习经验,具备了基本的观察、分析、归纳能力,但仍需要老师的进一步指导。
思维障碍:学生在学习力学时,头脑中存在着较多的先入为主的错误认识,这些已具有的“经验”在教学中会干扰学生形成正确的概念,再加上初中学生的辨识能力及抽象思维能力相对薄弱,也给力的概念的形成带来了一定的困难。
根据以上教材的特点,结合学生的情况,依据课标的具体要求,我从知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度价值观三个方面来确定本节课的学习目标。
三、学习目标
知识与技能
1、认识力的作用效果;2、知道力的概念,记住力的单位。
3、理解力的三要素,能用示意图表示常见的力。4、知道物体间力的作用是相互的。
过程与方法
1、通过活动和生活经验感受力的作用效果,具有初步的观察能力;
2、让学生通过力的作用效果认识力,通过力的示意图来描述力,从而使学生掌握把抽象形象化的解决问题的方法。
3、了解物体间力的作用是相互的,并能解释有关现象,具有初步的分析概括能力。
4、培养学生通过实验现象分析、总结实验结论的能力。
安培力说课稿篇二十五
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安培力说课稿篇二十六
1.知识与技能
认识力的作用效果.能用力的示意图描述力.
2.过程与方法
通过参与科学探究活动,学习拟定简单的科学探究计划和实验方案,能利用不同的渠道收集信息.
学习从物理现象和实验中,归纳简单的科学规律,尝试用已知的科学规律去解释某些具体问题.
能在观察物理现象的过程中,发现一些新问题,有初步提出问题的能力.
3.情感态度与价值观
培养学生乐于观察生活,观察自然的情趣.
在解决问题的过程中,能主动与他人合作,有克服困难的信心和决心,从中获得成功的喜悦.
认识力的作用效果.
:认识物体间力的作用是相互的,并解释有关现象。
实验探究法
:弹簧、锯条、乒乓球、溜冰鞋等
我们在这一节中要学习一个新的物理概念——力。力是日常生活和工农业生产中常用的一个概念,也是物理学中一个重要的概念。这一节我们就来学习有关力的一些知识。
(一)力的作用效果
1、力可以改变物体的形状。
(1)实验:用手将弹簧拉长。
教师:弹簧受到拉力时变长了。
(2)实验:手用力使锯条变弯曲。
教师:气球受到手的压力时变扁了。这说明力可以改变物体的形状。
2、力可以改变物体的运动状态。
(1)教师:足球静止在地面上,脚踢它时给它一个力,足球受到这个力由静止变为运动。汽车关闭了发动机后,由于汽车受到阻力,速度逐渐变小,最终停下来。可见力可以使物体运动的速度变大,也可以使运动物体的速度变小。
(2)教师:乒乓球向我们飞来,我们挥拍打去,球的运动方向变化了,又向对方的球台飞去。可见力还可以改变物体运动的方向。
(二)力的三要素
1、力的方向.
请学生举例说明力的方向对产生效果的影响.
2、力的大小.
请同学举例说明力的大小对产生效果的影响.
3、力的作用点.
说明:力的作用点肯定在受力物体上.举例说明各种力的作用点.如推、拉、提、压、托等作用的作用点.
我们把力的大小、方向、作用点叫做力的三要素。
(三)力的示意图
画力的示意图的要领:确定受力物体、力的作用点和力的方向,从力的作用点沿力的方向画一条线段,在线段的末端画一个箭头表示力的方向,线段的起点或终点表示力的作用点,在同一图中,力越大,线段应越长。
还可以在力的示意图旁边用数值和单位标出力的大小,把力的三要素都表示出来。
(四)力的作用是相互的
1、演示实验:用手拍桌子,手也感到疼。
2、演示实验:一位同学穿着溜冰鞋用力推墙,人往后退。
总结:一个物体对别的物体施力时,也同时受到后者对它的作用力。物体间力的作用是相互的。
:课后“动手动脑学物理”
板书设计:
第四节力的作用效果
一、力的作用效果
1.改变物体的形状
2.改变物体的运动状态
二、力的单位:牛顿(n)
三、力的三要素:大小、方向、作用点
四、物体间力的作用是相互的.
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