最新加减法估算的教学反思 加减法估算教案(十四篇)
作为一位兢兢业业的人民教师,常常要写一份优秀的教案,教案是保证教学取得成功、提高教学质量的基本条件。那么我们该如何写一篇较为完美的教案呢?以下是小编为大家收集的教案范文,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
加减法估算的教学反思 加减法估算教案篇一
1、使学生体会估计的现实应用,理解估算的方法,并学会用 表示估算的结果。
2、使学生体会到估算在日常生活中的应用,能结合具体情境进行估算,增强估算意识和能力。
使学生理解估算方法,并能正确运用。
使学生初步体会估算在实际生活的应用价值。
课件
师:同学们,这节课我们来进行当小营业员活动。请问大家,想不想当小营业员呀?
生:想。[课前测评 想想做做第1题]
师:想当小营业员必须经过测试,合格者才能入选。请看测试题,说出卡片上的数各接近哪个整百数?(出示卡片,生口答)
问:503接近几百? 答:503接近500。
207接近几百? 207接近200
师:同学们真棒,欢迎大家成为小营业员。
1、 出示例题:(课件展示书上商品图)
师:谁来给大家介绍一下我们超市展销的商品。
生:一部电话机206元,一辆自行车604元,一台取暖器292元,一台电风扇195元。
师:你们的口才真好。咱们来听听顾客的问题吧。
(课件出示字幕:估计一下,买一台电话机和一台取暖器大约需要几百元?)
师:求这个问题,你会列式吗?
(生答,师板书 206+292)
师:这道题需要我们求出准确的钱数吗?为什么?
(生:不需要,因为问大约需要几百元。)
师:大约需要几百元,就是让我们求出整百数。四人小组讨论怎样解决这个问题?
指名口答,师板书:206元接近200元,292元接近300元,200+300=500(元)
2 、引出课题
师:刚才大家求出买一台电话机和一台取暖器大约需要500元。就用到了我们这节课学习的内容加法估算。
(板书课题)
3、 认识约等号
师:加法估算在生活中购买物品时经常用到。简便的写法是这样的(师板书)这个像波浪线的符号是约等号,读作约等于。请同学们伸出右手食指,跟老师一起写约等号。指尖像在爬山一样,先上坡再下坡又上坡。在你的桌面上练习写几个。我们来齐读算式。 206+292500(元)
4 、小结:师指算式问:500元是怎样得来的?算式中为什么不写=而写?
我们在进行估算时,一般先把某个数看作与它接近的整百数进行计算,所得到的结果是一个大约的数,因此不能用=,而要用表示。
第一问
师:第一位顾客对大家的表现很满意,请看下一位顾客的问题,买一台电话机和一辆自行车大约需要几百元?
生小组讨论,反馈 206+604800(元)
第二问
师:接着看她又提出了什么问题,妈妈带800元内买回这两样物品吗?
生讨论,交流 206+604=810(元)
第三问
师:继续看她还有什么问题,800元钱能买回哪些物品?
师:想一想,800元买回商品的总钱数必须怎么样?四人小组讨论,组长记录,发言。 (师巡视,全班交流)
师选择自行车,风扇。板书:604+195800(元)
师:一台电话机和一辆自行车大约是800元,一辆自行车和一台风扇也大约是800元,为什么带800元钱不能买回前两样物品,而能买回后两样物品?
师:通过刚才的讨论,你发现了什么?
生:估计的结果有时比实际结果多,有时比实际结果少。
师:在今天当小营业员的活动中,大家积极动脑,解决问题。老师为你们的表现喝彩,你们也表扬一下自己吧!
第2题 师:咦,这群小蝴蝶来干什么?原来它们给同学们出了一道题,谁愿意回答?(根据学生回答,点击蝴蝶,使其飞到相应的花上)
第3题 师:小蝴蝶给咱们出的这道题,就是把某个数看作与它接近的整百数的练习题。根据这个知识,咱们来试着解决下面的习题。请同学们打开书40页,把估算结果填在书上。(集体订正)
第4题 师:我们已会估算两个加数的和,那你会做下面的题吗?
(指名口答,说出理由)
第5题 师:老师要求你们独立完成下面的题,能不能做到。请同学们做40页地5题。(集体订正,同桌互说想法)
第6题 师:看到同学们的突出表现,茄子老师给咱们出了一道题,大家敢不敢做?(小组讨论,派代表发言)
第7题师:同学们真聪明,想出了这么多种买法。下面,我们来看白菜老师给大家出的这一道最有趣的题。(指名口答,说出理由)
今天,我们学了加法估算知识.利用这个知识,我们来做爸爸、妈妈购物小帮手,好吗?谁来说说怎样估计几样商品的总价钱?
板书设计 加法估算
206元接近200元 大约需要几百元?
292元接近300元 206+292500(元)
200+300=500(元) 读作:约等于
《数学科程标准》中指出:数学教学活动必须建立在学生的认知基础和已有生活经验上,所以我在教学过程中,结合教学内容,选取学生熟悉的日常生活情景,创设了当小营业员的活动,让学生体会到数学与生活的联系,增强学生学习数学的兴趣。并在学习加法估算的基础上,让学生运用该知识解决生活实际问题,感到学有所用,学生在做数学中亲身经历数学化的过程,较好地掌握了本课内容。
但是反思整个教学过程,仍有许多不足之处,我觉得学生的数学学习应该是学生自主学习的过程,学生应该在活动中自主探索,发现。而教师在课堂中的作用在于对学生进行有效的指导,帮助学生主动参与数学知识的发生﹑发展和形成过程,理解和掌握数学思想﹑知识和方法。这节课上,我觉得给学生自主探索的时间和空间太少,虽然教师在教学中注意发挥了学生的主体性,但是,本课容量较大,某些环节没有发掘学生内驱力,导致学生来不及细想。要真正让学生学得主动,学得扎实,学得愉快,首先还需教师从观念上转变过来,多引导,少包办。
加减法估算的教学反思 加减法估算教案篇二
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加减法估算的教学反思 加减法估算教案篇三
笔算、口算、心算和估算是小学生计算的几种主要方式,从计算结果的角度来看,笔算、口算、心算可归入精确计算,而估算则可看作是一种近似计算方法。估算是对事物的数量或计算的结果做出粗略的推断或预测的过程,也是学生计算能力的重要组成部分。
在以往的小学数学教学中,比较注重学生笔算、口算能力的培养,对估算的要求较低。但在日常生活中,人们往往又离不开估算,比如:从家到学校估计有2千米,步行上学估计要用15分钟;带了10元钱去买菜,估计只能买一斤猪肉和2斤西红柿,18+23经估算知结果应是40左右……所以《数学课程标准》明确提出“应重视口算,加强估算”“在解决具体问题的过程中,能选择合适的估算方法,养成估算的习惯”“能结合具体情况进行估算,并能解释估算的过程”。
我思考这个内容时,是反复考虑要不要讲“四舍五入”法;要不要讲“约等号”;估算如何用算式来表示。因为人教版二上第31页首次出现估算专项学习内容“加减法的估算”,但近似数的概念、约等号还没出现,只要求用语言叙述估算的过程。《标准》提出了加强估算的要求,在第一学段要让学生“能结合具体情境进行估算,并解释估算的过程。”在一年级上、下册教材的相关内容中,已经进行了估计和估算的渗透,在这一册教材中第一次正式出现估算的教学内容,但还没有出现约等号。这块知识讲到什么程度,很难把握。只要学生会把题中的数转化成与之接近的整十数就可以啦,出现个别问题再个别解决。
在进行练习时又碰到了一个难题。p32练习六第一题“先估算一下,下面哪些算式的得数比80大”这里有两个指令,先估算,再比较。我先让学生写出估算的过程,来巩固估算的方法,但是解决第二个问题,又不能只看估算的结果,依据学生的年龄特点和接受能力,只能让学生把精确计算的过程也写出来,来帮助解决第二个问题。我是这样处理的。
我想如果在复习这部分知识时,我会解决下面几个问题:
(1)创设一个让学生真正体会到要用到估算的情景,知道生活中有时只需要知道一个大概,不需要了解准确数时,我们就需要估算。在平时计算时判断结果是否正确也可以用估算来判断,如43+18=51对吗?
(2)让学生学会估数,因为在估算中,估数是非常重要的一步。
(3)一定要明确在二年级上册的教学中,应选用整十数相加减的方法来估算。
加减法估算的教学反思 加减法估算教案篇四
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加减法估算的教学反思 加减法估算教案篇五
举一些和生活有关的估算例子,启发学生想想生活中有哪些地方会用估算,切入学生的生活经验。
让学生从周围熟悉的事物中学习数学,理解数学,体验应用数学解决生活问题的成功和快乐。
由于学生生活背景和思考角度不同,所使用的估算方法必然是多样的。教学中,教师应尊重学生的个性特征,允许学生从不同角度认识问题,鼓励学生发表与众不同的见解。
让每个学生都能根据自己的认知水平和学习能力选择适合自己的认知方式与思维策略进行估算。
这样教学既满足了学生多样化的学习需要,又使不同层次的学生得到不同的发展。
总之,估算必须联系生活,让学生感受在现实生活中,我们常常会产生估算的需要,没有需要,教学估算意义无法体现。
加减法估算的教学反思 加减法估算教案篇六
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加减法估算的教学反思 加减法估算教案篇七
估算是培养学生运用数学基本技能、解决生活中数学问题的较好载体。二年级教材中估算内容的编入,体现了新的课改理念,也给我们教师提供了新的研究内容。我在设计本节课时注重了生活情景的创设,努力体现数学学科特色。总的来说,本节课教学主要有以下特点:
我在出示课题、引入问题、展开讨论、进行猜想等环节上,都创设了不同的、具体的生活情景,有猜健身房器材的价格,有买运动会用品款的估算等。这些情景贴近学生生活实际,富于校园文化底蕴,显得自然贴切,使学生轻松自然地进入生活中数学问题的探究,去积极发现生活中的数学问题,去争着解决生活中的数学问题。
我在教学中发掘和鼓励估算方法的多样化,估算形式的个性化。如:分别估算排球、跳绳、羽毛球拍价格;三种物品价格先加起来再估算;用口算估算;用心算估算;用笔算估算等等。充分体现人人学有用的数学,不同的人用不同的学法理解数学、运用数学。
我在实施运动会前买体育用品、统计参赛人数、安排啦啦队员,运动会后就餐、划船这些教学环节时,引导学生小组讨论、合作交流、分析比较、合理估算,从而细雨润物般地逐步培养学生合作交流的意识,逐步发展学生爱思考、善表达,积极参与、乐于探究的能力。
加减法估算的教学反思 加减法估算教案篇八
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加减法估算的教学反思 加减法估算教案篇九
新人教版三年级的教材中,在万以内加减法中穿插了估算的应用,让学生对计算又有了新的认识。
教材安排了两个问题:“收银员收多少钱?”和“爸爸要带多少钱?”这就考查学生对估算与精算的理解与应用。这个也让我想起吴正宪老师的《估算》,在课尾处,她设计了一个问题:“我们大约带50元钱,那我们就付50元钱吗?”产生分歧后明确:付多少钱要准确算,这与我们生活是紧密联系的,而新教材正式建立与这样的生活经验之上,对估算进行了改编,让学生结合题意,在方法上进行取舍。
基于这样的教材背景,我在课堂上设计了这样的练习
①5元②18元③54元④128元
(1)买②和④,要带多少钱?要付多少钱?
(2)满100元送购物袋,你打算买那几样?
(3)满150元送布娃娃,你打算买哪两样?
(4)如果满200元才送布娃娃,你又会选择哪两样?
追问:增加⑤号,它最小是几元?
第一题只是起到巩固精算和估算的作用;第二题渗透了“精打细算”的生活经验,对于这种“满多少送东西”的问题,独辟蹊径,选择最优解;第三题是对估算的合理利用;第四题增加了区间问题,让⑤号最小,那我选择的另一件商品应该是最贵的,然后让两件总价格等于200。
课堂上我让学生角色扮演,一个当买家,一个当收银员,其余学生提供策略。学生积极性很强,尤其是第(2)题,当大部分学生在两件商品间徘徊时,有几个同学说只用买④号就行,于是立即评价学生:“你真会精打细算!”而第(4)题对于⑤号的估价,学生反应也非常快,理由充足。通过这几题的训练,让学生切实感受到学习数学并不是毫无用处,而是要善于利用自己的数学知识,学会精打细算,做生活的小能手!
加减法估算的教学反思 加减法估算教案篇十
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加减法估算的教学反思 加减法估算教案篇十二
在上“加法估算”这节课前,我查阅了不少资料,估算对培养学生拥有良好的数感,具有重要的价值,在日常生活与数学学习中有也着十分广泛的应用。二年级学生虽有近似意识,能把一个两位数,三位数估成跟它近似的整百,整十数,能根据自己的经验对100以内的加减法进行简单的估算,但还未形成估算意识,养成估算习惯,不理解估算的多种策略和方法。所以我大胆的挖掘、开发教材资源,设计了一节典型的“加法估算课”,整个设计流程科学,结构安排合理,学习思维灵活,积极性高,兴趣浓。
在这节课的设计中,我始终把握住“估算来自于生活”这一认知目标,设计了“笑笑和妈妈一起到超市购物”,“小鬼当家”等情景,将估算教学置于解决问题的大背景下,让学生分析问题,选择合适的策略解决问题,在问题解决过程中,自觉地把计算和实际问题情境联系起来,理解为什么要计算,什么时候要用到估算,从而感受估算的意义,培养估算意识。
由于学生对于相关数学知识和技能的掌握情况及思维方式、水平不同,在估算中方法会多种多样。在课堂上,我积极鼓励学生估算方法多样化,让学生充分交流,表达自己的想法,了解他人的算法,使学生体会到解决同一个问题可以有不同的方法,促进学生进行比较和优化。
把估算和精算有机结合,促进精算的正确率。让学生在精算前运用估算对结果进行预测,计算后要求学生运用估算对结果进行验证。这样学生在运用估算时体会到估算的数学价值,相信估算是有用的,如果长时间坚持在计算前估算,学生肯定会偿到估算的“甜头”,就会将估算内化为一种自觉的意识。
1、例题的数字给得较多,较难,让学生算起来不太容易,不利于学生体会估算的意义和方法。
2、在设计的“二次反思,提升认识”,你对刚才自己的估算结果做一点评价和思考吗?你比较欣赏哪种估算方法?我点拨和总结的不到位,就草草收场。没能让学生在对自己估算方法的自我剖析中,发现各种方法的优势和不足,在体验中把方法优化。
3、四舍五入到哪一位等细节性的问题?讲的不够明晰,清楚。
总之,通过这节估算课教学,给自己、给学生,都很多的收获、很大的启发,是个大胆的尝试,在以后的教学中,我会多重视估算教学,以提高学生估算能力,培养数学涵养。
加减法估算的教学反思 加减法估算教案篇十三
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加减法估算的教学反思 加减法估算教案篇十四
马上就要教学100以内加减法估算这个内容了,因为去年也担任二年级数学,这堂课时还真是遇到了一些尴尬,所以对这堂课的教学还是记忆犹新。为了更有效地教学,现在就作一些反思。
估算是数学学习中一个比较重要的内容,对于培养学生的数感有重要意义,在数学计算的检验中很有用,而且在实际生活中也有着重要的作用。三册的教材出现的是100以内的加减法估算,也是第一次出现估算这个内容。
课堂基本教学环节是这样的:
(一)通过生活中的数让学生题解体会认识近似数。
(二)引导学生联系在商店买东西的情景理解其估算意义,让学生根据买商品的情景进行加减法估算,培养学生的估算意识。
(三)通过应用,使学生感受到我们所学习的加减法估算在现实生活中具有重要作用。
第一个环节没有出现什么问题。
第二个环节是最关键的,问题就出在这里。引入的情景是教科书中购买物品,提出问题:老师有100元钱,准备买下列生活用品,你能估计一下够吗?(三件物品)
学生独立思考,然后全班交流想法。
学生所用的时间也不是很多,让我尴尬的是很多学生就是算出了精确的得数来汇报说明是不是够了,我急了,你还有更好的方法吗?学生可没有领会我的意图不过把计算的顺序换了一下而已。我只好牵着学生的鼻子走了:你能不能用上近似数来估计一下呢?总算有学生开窍了,说出了估算的方法,谁知说了几个后却又有学生发表自己的意见:老师,估算还是计算更好,这样才能真正知道100元够不够。我一楞,这也真是学生真实的想法啊。我就引导他:那你认为估算有什么好处呢?学生有的说:大约是多少元可以知道。有的说:算起来比较快。
虽然是引导出来了,但是我发现还有很多的学生还是没有真正领会到估算的作用,所以接下去的应用也是上得如梗在喉,学生总是不太自觉地能去运用估算解决问题,好象都是老师或题目叫他们去估算。
仔细思考失败的原因,还在于没有充分考虑学生和教材的情况。1、估算的作用在大的数量时优势比较明显,相对于一百以内的数,学生口算都能很快得出来,所以也难体会到它的好处,相反还会认为估算有不精确的缺点。2、二年级的学生来说,他们在现实中还真的很少接触到估算,所以在理解估算的意义上就出现了问题。变成了为估算而估算。
针对这样的问题,我想创设必要的有效的情景很重要。前面所用的情景,给学生提供3个数据学生是比较快得可以计算出来,所以不能突出估算的作用。所以想到了这样一个情境:国庆节快到了,姑姑想送小东100元左右的礼物,下面的东西都是小东喜欢的,请我们小组合作帮姑姑设计出购物的方案。看看你们能设计出多少种。(出示六七种标上号码的商品以及价格,有单件接近100元的,有两件接近100元的,有三件接近100元的)
我的想法是:学生在较多信息可供选择的情况下,必然要用到估算,比如他看到单价是42元的商品,再选择的必然要想到60元左右的商品,或者说看到另一个78元的商品必然马上意识到不可能,这种思维的过程不管学生自己有没有意识到,他都是应用了估算,这样我想应该是顺势而成了吧。
不过还没有实践,不知会不会有改观。