For many years it was common in the United States to associate Chinese Americans with restaurants and places that wash clothes.People did not realize that the Chinese had been driven into these occupations by the prejudice and discrimination that faced them in this country.

The first Chinese to reach the United States came during the California Gold Rush of 1849.Like most of the other people there，they had come to search for gold.In that largely unoccupied land，the men staked a claim(立界标表明所有权)for themselves by placing makers’in the ground.However，either because the Chinese were so different from the others or because they worked so patiently that they sometimes succeeded in getting a mining claim to make a profit(where others saw no way to do so),they became the target".Of their competi­tors.They were troubled and attacked in many ways.Often they were prevented from working their claims;some places even passed regulations forbidding them to own claims.The Chinese therefore started to seek out other ways of earning a living.Some of them began to wash clothes for the white miners;others set up small restaurants.(There were almost no women in California in those days and the Chinese filled a real need by doing this"women's work".)Some went to work as farmhands or as fishermen.

In the early 1860's many more Chinese arrived in California.This time railroad companies brought the men in to build the first railroad line from California to the East.They were sorely needed because the work was so hard and dangerous，and it was carried on in such an isolated part of the country that the railroad company could not find other laborers for the job.As in the case of the first Chinese in America，these Chinese were almost all males;and like them，too，they encountered a great deal of prejudice.The hostility grew es­pecially strong after the railroad project was completed，and the Chinese laborers returned to California—thousands of them，all out of work

Many of today's Chinese Americans are the descendants of some of the early miners and railroad workers.

小题1:What is the main idea of the passage?

A．The first Chinese to reach the United States came during the California Gold Rush of 1849.

B．Many more Chinese arrived in California to construct the first railroad from California to the East.

C．Early Chinese immigrants to America experienced a lot of prejudice and discrimination.

D．Prejudice and discrimination that Chinese Americans met.

小题2:Why did the Chinese become the target of their competitors?

A．Because the Chinese were different and they worked patiently to achieve a lot of success while others couldn't.

B．The Chinese were so different from the others.

C．They worked so patiently with little payment

D．There were almost no women in California in those days.

小题3:What was the fate of the Chinese after the construction of the railroad?

A．They went back to their own country

B．They stayed to work in the railroad companies.

C．They went to California to search for gold.

D．The hostility grew especially strong.

小题4:What is the meaning of the word"encountered"?

A．face.B．Count.C．Enter.D．Handle.

小题5:The following statements are true EXCEPT.

A．during the California Gold Rush of 1849，people staked a claim for themselves by placing markers in the ground

B．the first Chinese went to America because they wanted to work as farmhands or as fishermen

C．many of today's Chinese Americans are the descendants of the early miners and railroad workers

D．the Chinese were sorely needed because the work was so dangerous