人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退，写作可以弥补记忆的不足，将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来，也便于保存一份美好的回忆。范文书写有哪些要求呢？我们怎样才能写好一篇范文呢？以下是小编为大家收集的优秀范文，欢迎大家分享阅读。

第四单元阅读短文答案篇一

文学常识积累

《夸父逐日》选自《》，体裁：。

《 共工怒触不周山》选自《》，《淮南子》又名《淮南鸿烈》，是西汉淮南王刘安及其门客集体撰写的一部著作。我们在七年级上册学过他的一篇寓言《》，就选自这里。答案：《山海经· 海外北经》；神话故事； 《淮南子》；《塞翁失马》

四、字词句积累

（一）、看拼音写汉字或看汉字写拼音

昔者（）颛顼（）水潦（）饮于河、wèi（）

北饮大zé（）天柱折（）

答案：xīzhuānxū lǎo渭泽zhé

(二)、重点字词解释

1、与日逐走（）

2、夸父逐日（）

3、北饮大泽（）

4、共工怒触不周山（）

5、昔者（）

6、地维绝（）

7、故水潦尘埃归（）

答案：

1、竞跑，赛跑；

2、追赶太阳；

3、大湖；

4、碰、撞；

5、从前；

6、断；

7、积水

（三）、重点句子翻译

1、夸父与日逐走，入日

2、未至，道渴而死

3、天柱折，地维绝

4、天倾西北，故日月星辰移焉

5、地不满东南，故水潦尘埃归焉

答案：

1、夸父与太阳竞跑，一直追赶到太阳落下的地方。

2、还没赶到大湖，就半路渴死了。

3、支撑天的柱子折了，系挂地的绳子断了。

4、天向西北方倾斜，所以日月星辰都朝西北方移动。

5、大地的东南角陷塌了，所以江河泥沙朝东南角流去。

（四）、词类活用

北饮大泽：北：名词作状语，向北

（五）、古今异义词

1、夸父与日逐走

2、饮于河、渭

答案：走：古义：跑；今义：行走

河：古义：专指黄河；泛指各种河流

（六）、一词多义

1、足：河、渭不足（）不足为外人道也（）《桃花源记》

2、绝：地维绝（）夜久语声绝（）

佛印绝类弥勒（）《核舟记》

奇山异水，天下独绝（）《与朱元思书》

3、故：故日月星辰移焉（）

过故人庄（）《过故人庄》

公问其故（）《曹刿论战》

桓候故使人问之（）《扁鹊见蔡桓公》

答案：

1、够；值得；

2、断；消失；极；绝妙；

3、所以；旧、原来；原因；特意

（七）、成语积累

夸父逐日：比喻人有宏大的志向或巨大的力量和气魄。

（八）、文言句式

a、省略句式：

1、“弃其杖，化为邓林”等于“（夸父）弃其杖，化为邓林”。译为：他遗弃的手杖，化成桃林

2、“怒而触不周之山”等于“（共工）怒而触不周之山”。译为：（共工）发怒撞不周之山

b、状语后置句式：“饮于河、渭”等于“于河、渭饮”。译为：就到黄河、渭水喝水

五、内容及写法理解

1、夸父形象：勇敢追求、死而后已。两篇文章均表现古代人民探索、征服自然的愿望和意志。

2、运用了夸张的手法。

第四单元阅读短文答案篇二

·英译汉练习短文·

passage1

satiricliterature1

perhapsthemoststrikingqualityofsatiricliteratureisitsfreshness,d,eydoislookatfamiliarconditionsfromaperspectivethatmakestheseconditionsseemfoolish,harmful,jarsusoutofcomplacenceintoapleasantlyshockxotemakeschivalryseemabsurd;bravenewworldridiculesthepretensionsofscience;rywassuspectedbeforecervantes2,humanistsobjectedtotheclaimsofpuresciencebeforealdoushuxley3,hemannerofexpression，thesatiricmethod,sarereadbecausetheyareaestheticallysatisfyingworksofart,estimulatingandrefreshingbecausewithcoontaneousirreverence,satirerearrangesperspectives,scramblesfamiliarobjectsintoincongruousjuxtaposition,ivedbecausereadersappreciatearefreshingstimulus,anirreverentreminderthattheyliveinaworldofplatitudinousthinking,cheapmoralizing7,servestoprodpeopleintoanawarenessoftruth,tendstoremindpeoplethatmuchofwhattheysee,hear,andreadinpopularmediaissanctimonious,sentimental,rsrarelyholdtheidealsthatmoviesattributetothem,noigentpeoplekn

1．这篇文章用词正式，句式严谨、周密、冗长，文风较为华丽。翻译时选词要正式，可多用四字结构和铺排形式。

2．cervantes:塞万提斯（1754-1616），西班牙伟大的作家、诗人、戏剧家。

3．aldoushuxley:奥尔德斯·赫胥黎（1825-1895），英国生物学家，作家。

4．swift:斯威夫特（1667-1745），英国作家，擅长用讽刺和幽默揭露社会黑暗现象。

5．briskness：brisk意为keenorsharpinspeechormanner。

6．secondhandopinions：不可翻译为“二手的观点”，应该是“人云亦云的的观点”。

7．cheapmoralizing：这里cheap意思不是“便宜的”，而是vulgar,contemptible;moralizing不是“道德”，而是“说教”。

8．whentheydonothearthemexpressed：当直译不方便时，我们可用视点转移法：但是当周围人不谈起时

key

讽刺文学

或许讽刺文学最突出的特点是它耳目一新、视角独创。讽刺文学很少给人以原创的思想,但是它却将人们熟悉的事情以全新的形式展现出来。讽刺作家并不给人以新的哲学理念。他们所做的只是从某一视角来看待一些为人熟知的事情，在这一视角下，这些事情显得愚蠢不堪、充满危害而又矫揉造作。讽刺作品将我们从自鸣得意中震醒，让我们既愉快又惊诧地看到，我们从未质疑、全盘接受的价值观中，有很多都是错误的。《唐吉珂德》使得骑士精神显得荒谬可笑；《挑战新世界》嘲笑了科学的自诩；《一个小小的建议》则建议食用人肉，使饥饿问题戏剧化。这些思想中没有一条是原创的：在塞万提斯之前就有人怀疑骑士精神；在赫胥黎之前人文主义者就反对宣称纯科学的至高无上；在斯威夫特之前人们就已经意识到饥荒问题。并不是思想的独创而使得讽刺文学受人欢迎，而是它的表述方式、嘲讽方法使得它趣味横生、有娱乐性。人们阅读讽刺文学只是因为在美学上它是让人心满意足的艺术品，而不是因为它在道德上有益或伦理上的教益。它激人兴奋、爽人身心，因为它只是运用常理通识、辛言辣语，便将各种幻想和人云亦云的观点一扫而光。讽刺文学自心而来不拘谦恭，它重新调整视角，将熟悉的事物紊杂地放置在一起，用个性化的语言而不是抽象的陈词滥语表述出来。

讽刺作品之所以存在是因为人们需要它。它存续至今，是因为读者欣赏爽身怡心的刺激和不拘谦恭的告诫，它提醒读者，他们生活的世界里充满了陈腐的思想意识、低俗的道德说教和愚蠢的哲学理念。讽刺作品虽然很少代表真理促成行动，但它却能使人们感悟到真理。讽刺作品常常告诉人们，他们在大众媒体中所看到的、听到的、读到的大多是伪装善良、多愁善感或只有部分真实。生活只在很小的程度上与大众对它的印象相符。士兵们很少拥有电影赋予他们的理想，而普通老百姓也决不会把自己的生命无私地奉献给人道主义服务。聪明人知道这些事实，但是当周围人不谈起时，他们常常会忘记掉。

passage2

americanfolkart

whatwetodaycallamericanfolkartwas,artof,by,andforordinary,everyday1“folks”who,withincreasingprosperityandleisure,createdamarketforartofallkinds,nsofprosperous,essentiallymiddle-classrepublics—whetherancientromans,seventeenth-centurydutchburghers,ornineteenth-centuryamericans—nginthelateeighteenthcentury,theunitedstatescontainedincreasingnumberofsuchpeople,liestamericanfolkartportraitscome,notsurprisingly,fromnewengland—especiallyconnecticutandmassachusetts—forthisafewdecadesafterthesigningofthedeclarationofindependencein1776,thepopulationwaspushingwestward,andtheportraitpainterscouldbefoundatworkinwesternnewyork,ohio,kentucky,illinois,throughitsfirstcentury2asanation,theunitedstates’populationhadincreasedroughlyfivetimes,theseyears,thedemandforportraitsgrewandgrew,1839thedaguerreotypewasintroducedtoamerica,usheringintheageofphotography,andwithinagenainanoriginalportraitbecamealuxury,heheydayofportraitpainting—fromthelateeighteenthcenturyuntilthe1850’s—anyonewithamodicumofartisticabilitycouldbecomealimner,raftspeople—sign,coach,andhousepainters—

begantopaintportraitsasaprofitablesideline;sometimesatalentedmanorwomanwhobeganbysketchingfamilymembersgainedalocalreputationandwasbesiegedwithrequestsforportraits;artistsfounditworththeirwhiletopacktheirpaints,canvasses,andbrushesandtotravelthecountryside,

everyday:意为commonplace,ordinary

midwaythroughitsfirstcentury:美国独立后50年间

portraitist：译为“画师”，以和前面的limner（画家）相区别。

key

美国民间艺术

我们所说的美国民间艺术是由普通百姓所拥有、创造并享受的艺术。随着财富和闲暇与日俱增，他们创造了各种艺术的市场，特别是肖像绘画。家境殷实的、主要是中产阶级的市民——不管他们是古罗马人，或是17世纪荷兰自治城市富裕居民，抑或是19世纪的美国人——都对肖像绘画艺术表现出突出的爱好。从18世纪晚期开始，美国这一群体的数量不断增加，而且满足画像要求的艺术家也不断地增加。

勿需惊奇，美国最早的民间艺术画像来自于新英格兰地区——特别是康涅狄格州和.麻萨诸塞州——因为这一地区富裕、人口稠密，而且是浓厚艺术传统的中心。1776年《独立宣言》宣布后的几十年中，人口不断西徙，在纽约州西部、俄亥俄州、肯塔基州、伊利诺斯州、密苏里州，人们随处可见肖像画师绘画的身影。美国独立后50年间，人口增加了近5倍，原先13个州又增加了11个。在这些岁月里，肖像绘画的要求不断增长，直到有了照相机才算得到满足。1839年银版照相法传入美国，摄影时代开始，而且，在不超过一代人的时间内，手工画像就不再风靡了。从此，人物画像又成为了奢侈品——有钱人提出绘画要求，专业画家来完成绘画。

但是在肖像绘画的全盛时期——从18世纪晚期到19世纪50年代——任何有一点艺术才能的人都可以成为“画家”，当时的肖像画师就是这么被人称呼的。当地艺人——标牌、马车、房屋的画师——也开始画人物肖像作为一个赚钱的副业。有时候有绘画天赋的男子或妇女一开始只给家庭成员勾勒画像，很快在当地声誉鹊起，然后很多人前来要求画像；艺术家们发现，他们收拾起颜料、画布、画笔去各地巡游，既做房屋装饰又画人物肖像，是一件非常值得的事情。

passage3

crows

crowsareprobablythemostfrequentlymatnumberoftales,legends,andmythsaboutthesebirdsindictherhand,whenitcomestosubstantive─particularlybehavioral─information,crowsarelesswellknownthanmanycomparablycommonspeciesand,forthatmatter,notafewquiteuncommonones,theendangeredcaliforniacondor,serversandquicklearners,theyareastuteabouttheintentionsofothercreatures,includingresearchers,etheyaresonumerous,active,andmonochro

matic,,radiotransmitters,orotheridentifyingdevicescanbeattachedtothem,butthisofcourserequirescatchinglivecrows,caldifficultiesaside,crowresminentgeneralists,membersofthisspeciesingeniouslyexploitagreatrangeofhabitatsandresources,oeducable,inspanidualbirdshavemarkedlydifferentinterestsandinclinations,mple,onepedogescaped,

乌鸦

乌鸦可能是美国本土动物中最常见、也是最容易识别的成员（物种）。关于它的奇闻异事和神话传说（故事、传说和神话）流传众多，可见，人们对它的浓厚兴趣由来已久。另一方面，在提及对它的本性——特别是行为方面的了解时，与其他同样普通和一些非常罕见的物种——一个显而易见的例子是加州濒临灭绝的秃鹫——相比，它更鲜为人知。这其中有一些实际的原因。

众所周知，野外的乌鸦研究成果甚少，并让研究者苦恼不已。它们观察敏锐，领悟快捷，善于分辨其他动物和研究人员的意图，并能巧妙地避开他们。由于乌鸦数量众多、颜色单

一、机警灵活，人们很难把它们区分开来。人们当然可以把脚环、无线电发射机和其他识别装置缚在乌鸦身上，但这却要满足一个前提，那就是活抓乌鸦——但这却是最为机警、最难抓到的鸟类之一。

乌鸦的研究之所以令人却步，撇开技术上的困难不谈，其原因之一便是它们生活方式复杂多变。它们是超凡的多面手，其种族中的一些成员创造性地开发了大量的栖息地、利用大量的资源，而且能很快适应环境的变化。由于善于学习，每个乌鸦个体都有迥然不同的兴趣、爱好，策略和花招。比如，有一只宠物乌鸦，学会将狗窝上的门闩拉开放狗出窝。狗出窝后，它便进去，享用了狗的美食。

passage4

lifeonearth

lifeorigtherthreebillionyears’stransitionfromtheseatothelanrmsoflifewereabletomakesuchadrasticchangeinlifestylethetraditionalviewofthefirstterrestrialorganismsisbasedonmegafossarplants,relatedtomodernseedplantsandferns,eofthis,ithasbeencommonlyassumedthatthesequenceofterreview,primitivevascularplatsfirstcolonizedthemarginsofcontinentalwaters,followedbyanimalsthatfedontheplants,er,themegafossilssuggestthatterrestriallifeappearedandspanersifiedexplosivelyneartheboundarybetweenthesilurianandthedevonianperiods,ly,however,paleontologistshavebeentakingaclosesoutthatsomefossihniquehasuncoverednewevidencefromsedimentsthatweredepositedneartheshoresoftheanightheywereentombedintherocksforhundredsofmillionsofyears,ewlydiscoveredfossilshavenotonlyrevealedtheexistenceofpreviouslyunknownorganisms,buthavealsopwsabouhthos

在地球形成不到十亿年的时间后，生命就起源于早期的海洋了。然而（按照以前通行的观点），要再过30亿年，第一批动植物才出现在大陆上。或许，正如生命的起源一样，生命从海洋向陆地的过渡，同样在进化论上受到质疑。

什么形式的生命能使其生活方式发生如此惊人的变化？对于第一批登陆的生物，传统的观点是建立在巨化石基础上的，这些巨化石是一些基本上完整的动植物的较大标本。与现代种子植物和蕨类植物有种属相关的微管植物，留下了一批巨化石记录。因此，人们可以推测，生命登陆的次序反映了现代陆生系统的进化。按照这种观点，维管植物首先移居到大陆水域的周边，其次是以这种植物为食的动物，最后是吃这种食草动物的动物。而且，巨化石也表明（提示），在四亿多年前的志留纪和盆泥纪之间的期间（在志留纪和盆泥纪之间的期间，即四亿多年前），陆生生命已经出现，种类也急剧增加。

但是最近，古生物学家一直对志留纪-盆泥纪抵制界限以下的积淀物进行更为周密的调查。结果表明，将岩石放在一些盛有酸的容器里，一些化石就能从这些沉淀物中离析出来。这项技术从古海洋岸边的沉积物中又发现了新的证据——植物的微小化石以及在显微镜才可以看得见的小动物的碎片。多数情况下，标本的直径不足1/10微米。尽管他们在岩石中埋藏了数亿年，许多化石仍遗留有生物体的有机物质。

这些新发现的化石不仅揭示了先前不为人质的有机体的存在，也将多细胞生物进居陆地的时间向前推移。我们对早期动植物群体（群落）本质的看法正得以修正，随之而来的是对第一批陆生生命的新推断。

passage5

historicalmethods

whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians,modernpracticemostcloselyconformstoonethatseeshistointhewebofitsowntimeandplace,eachgenesearchtheevidencefoundisalwaysincompleteandscattered;nyofthehistorian’scraftisthatitspractitionersastinhistoricalmethodshasarisenlessthroughexternalchallengetothevalidityofhistoryasanintellectuaistoryoncerevereditsaffinitytoliteratureandphilosophy,theemergingsocialsciencesseemedtoaffordgreateropportunitiesforaskingnewquesciencemethodologieshadtobeadaptedtoadisciplinegovernedbytheprimacyofhistoricalsourcesrather

thistransfer,traditionalhistoricalmethodswereaugmentedbyadditionalmethodologologsnoagreementwhethermethodologyreferstotheconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneralortothereseaians,especiallythosesoblindedbytheirresearchintereststhattheyhavebeenaccusedof“tunnelmethod,”frequentlyfallvictimtothe“technicistfallacy.”alsocommoninthenaturalsciences,thetechnicistfallacymistakenlyidentifiesthiesequallytotraditionalhistorianswhoviewhistoryasonlytheexternalandinternalcriticismofsources,andtosocilary:

practice:custom

create:makesthfromthepastexitagainorseemtoexistagain

affinity:acloseconnectionbetweentwothingsbecauseofqualitiesorfeaturesthattheyshare

revere:respectandadmire

primacy:thestateofbeingthemostimportantthingorperson

inherent:aqualitythatisinherentinsomethingisanaturalpartofitandcannotbeseparatedfromit

equate:toconsiderthattwoormorethingsaresimilarorconnected

key

历史研究方法

虽然每一位历史学家对历史有自己的界定，但是，现代最习惯的做法是，将历史看着是对过去重大事件进行再现并予以解释。每一代的历史学家，总会根据自身所处的时代和位置，重新判定过去的事件中哪些是重要的。这样找到的证据往往是不完全的、零散的；也常常是片面的、有着个人偏见的。对历史学家研究技艺的讽刺在于，运用这一技艺的人总是知道，他们所付出的努力不过是在给一个无边无际的过程不断加砖添瓦。

人们对历史学研究方法产生兴趣原因有二，其主要原因是历史学家内部意见不统一，其次原因是，将历史学作为一门需要智力活动参与（进行分析和研究）的学科是否合理，外界持尚有怀疑态度。虽然以前的历史学重视与文学和哲学的紧密关系，但是在提出新问题、并为理解过去提供有益的方法方面，新兴的社会科学似乎提供了更多的机会。社会科学方法论必须调整之后适应这样的学科：它由历史资料的重要程度决定，而非根据当代世界所必不可少的需求决定。

在历史学的研究中还有其他的一些方法是用来解释历史资料的。而在上一转化过程中，这些方法使得传统研究方法更为有效。

在历史学界，方法论是一个从根本上就非常含糊的术语。它到底是普通历史研究中所特有的概念，还是适合于各个分支领域的研究技巧，人们对此尚无定论。历史学家，特别是那些盲目从于自己的研究兴趣、因而被指责为使用“井蛙（狭隘）方法”的历史学家，常常成为“技术谬误”的牺牲品。同样，在自然科学领域，技术谬误

也错误地将学科看成是由一些技术运用所组成的整体。这种谬误同样存在于传统历史学派和社会科学历史学派的身上，前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各种史料的评议；后者认为历史的研究应该是某些具体技术的运用。

passage6

themethodofscientificinvestigation

themethodofscientificinvestigationisnothingbuttheexpressionofthenecessarymodeofworkingofthehumanmind;itissimplythemodebywhicsnomoredifference,butthereisjustthesamekindofdifference,betweenthementaloperationsofamanofscienceandthoseofanordinaryperson,asthereisbetweentheoperationsandmethodsofabakerorofabutcherweighingouthisgoodsincommonscales,andtheoperationsofachemistinperformingadiffitthatthescalesintheonecase,andthebalanceintheother,differintheprinciplesoftheirconstructionormannerofworking;butthatthelatterisamuchfineraplunderstandthisbetter,perhaps,eallhearditrepeatedthatmenofscienceworkbymeansofinductionanddeduction,thatbythehelpoftheseoperations,they,inasortofsense,managetoextractfromnaturecertainnaturallaws,andthatoutofthese,bysomespecialskilloftheirown,simaginedbymanythattheoperationsofthecommonmindcanbebynomeanscomparedwiththeseprocesses,alltheselargewords,youwouldthinkthatthemindofamanofsciencemustbeconstituteddifferentlyfromthatofhisfellowmen;butifyouwillnotbefrightenedbyterms,youwilldiscoverthatyouarequitewrong,andthatalltheseterribleasawell-knownincidentinoneofmoliere‘splays,wheretheauthormakestheheroexpressunboundeddelameway,itrustthatyouwilltakecomfort,andbedelightedwithyourselves,onthediscoverythatyouhavebeenactingonthlythereisnotoneherewhohasnotinthecourseofthedayhadoccasiontosetinmotionacomplextrainofreasoning,oftheverysamekind,thoughdifferingindegree,asthatwhi

科学研究的方法

科学研究的方法只是人类思维中必要的工作方式的表现，正是通过这种方式，人类对一切现象进行逻辑推理，并做出精确的解释。科学家的思维活动与普通人的思维活动之间并无实质的区别，其区别有如面包师或者肉匠用普通磅秤称量他们的物品，而化学家则用天平和精确/细致分级的砝码来进行难度很大和复杂深入的分析一样。并不是因为在前一种情况下的磅秤与后一种情况下的天平在构造原理或工作方式上有何不同，只是因为天平是更为精密的仪器，与磅秤比较起来，其称量结果自然要精确得多。

如果我给你（可省去）举一些非常熟悉的例子，或许你会理解得更清楚。你会多次听说过科学家们是运用归纳法和演绎法工作，而且，在某种意义上，他们运用这些思维方式从自然界中总结出一些自然规则，然后运用特殊的技巧，在这些自然规则的基础上建立自己的理论。因此，很多人认为，普通人的思维活动决不能与科学家的思维活动堪比；只有通过某种特殊训练，普通人才能获得这些思维过程。听到这些夸张的说法，你或许会认为科学家的大脑和普通人的大脑在构造上不相一样；但是如果你不被这些大话（夸张的说法）唬住，你会发现你弄错

了：在你生命中的每天、每时、每刻，你都在运用这些绝妙的思维方法。

在莫里哀的戏剧中有一个众所周知的情节：主人公在听到别人夸赞他毕生都是出口成章时，他表现出无尽的喜悦。同样，我相信，当你发现（在科学家运用科学思维的同时，）你也一样基于归纳法和演绎法原理行事，你会感到十分慰籍，也会对自己也非常满意。（在座）每一个人在一天中都有可能有机会开动一辆思维的列车进行（一连串）复杂的推理，这与科学家在探寻自然现象时的思维活动相比，虽然程度有些不同，但其性质却完全一样。

asecretary’sjob

althoughthesecretaryismostoftenthoughtofas”she”andtheexecutiveas“he”,itisn’talwaysnecessarilyso!intheearlydaysofofficework,mostsecretariereisanincreaseinthenumberofmencomingintdcareersanrnolongerdecidedbysex,asthepersonhasthequalityofbeingagoodsecretary,mple,whenthebosshasanurgentbudgetmeeting,ossisgoingtogiveadinnerparty,heorcretariesshouretaryisveryskilledintypingandusingacomputer,sheismorelikelytoberecommendedforpromotion.一份秘书的工作

通常秘书一般都被想成是“她”而执行者是“他”，但这不是必然的！在最初的办公室工作中，几乎所有的秘书都是男性，因为女性被认为是无法胜任如此难的工作。现在越来越多的男性加入到秘书的工作领域而许多女性加入到执行者的行列。工作和经历不在取决于性别而是能力。只要这个人有成为好秘书的资质，他或她将得到这份工作。好的秘书经常是受欢迎的。一个好的秘书必须有出色的办公室工作潜质。例如：当老板正在开一个紧急预算会议，秘书就不能打扰他。如果老板要开一个晚宴，他或她在这之前要预定一个合适的酒店。好的秘书还必须要注重他们的形象，穿着时尚整齐。他们要最少流利的讲一门外语。如果一个秘书非常熟练并且有技巧的掌握电脑，那么她很有可能被推荐升职。

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第四单元阅读短文答案篇三

短文改错专练：march 29th, dear diary, i’m writing this at my ’s almost midnight and i have to getting up early tomorrow, but i can’t sleep.i’m thinking about my future!every day, my parents asks me, “what do you want to be when you grow?” the problem is: i don’t know!my mom always says, “be a doctor!” and she doesn’t understand — to be a doctor, you have to study for a long, long time and that’s not her idea of i’m really bad at biology at the dad says, “be a pilot!” is he crazy? he knew i hate flying!

now i’m getting tiring, so i’m going to bed.i can think about my future in bed.i get my best ideas when i’m lain down.i have known my friend rebecca for a long firstly met at a friend’s birthday party five years found out that we both liked singing and dancing, so i invited rebecca over to my listened to the music together and soon became best years ago, rebecca’s parents invited me go on holiday with is spent three wonderful weeks in a little a and i loved walking along the beautifully took a lot of photos and had a lot of year, rebecca’s father changed her job, and they moved to other then we haven’t seen each other very much, but we’ve talked in the phone and we’ve written emails to each joe, how are you? thanks to your post — good to know when you’re ok.i’ve got news too.i’m going on holiday next weeks with my brother and anna, a friend from ’re going to stay on a farm with four days!we’re going to look after the animals and doing some horse-riding.i’m sure i’ll love know how crazy i am about the animals!i want to learn all about the cows or the horses.i hope i will have some times to go walking in the hills, , right now i’m going to finish homework — lots to do before the holiday!i’ll write to you when i get back to telling you about my , 4 nadia people had always been interested in interest may have begun with the honey what bees the fact, it has been found that people have been eating honey for thousand of the more recently past, people were interested in the way bees made admired the way bees seemed to working so languages even developed expressions about people working like english, for example, we talk with a “busy bee”.now scientists has a new reason to be interested in have discovered that bees able to communicate with each ch has revealed some surprised facts about this, but there are still many day afternoon, i took the no.6 bus to go was crowded on the bus, and i had listened to music by my ly i saw the name of the bus stop that i should get off, so i got off the bus in i arrived home, i realized that i had left my bag on the id card and ten books were in the bag.i was worried and eager to finding it, so i went to the bus companies for ate, at the lost and found, i see my bag.i wanted to thank the person who had found my bag, and the staff there said the person hadn’t left his a good man!

i read an interested piece of news on a newspaper ing to professor richard wiseman, only less than a quarter of the british achieved their new year goals because they do it in the wrong studied 700 volunteers who made a wide ranges of new year goals, including quitting smoking, losing the weight, or gaining a 22 percent of the participants managed to meeting their goals or described their progress like “very successful.” the reason so much failed was that they took the wrong approach and led by self-help books in the wrong tended to spend a lot of time on thinking about the “bad things” what would happen if they did not achieve their goals instead of taking weekends, i went shopping by was a sunny day and i feel very i had bought anything i needed, i went to the bus stop to take a unately, there were too much people at the bus it was my turn to get on, there was no room.i had to wait the next ly, it started to rain.i had no choice but to call a way through the journey, the taxi was broke down.i was filled with angry when i saw an emptier bus go y, i decided to walk home in a an unlucky day!

my name is li hua and i wanted to be class monitor.i am responsible, sociable, or easy-going.i enjoy serving onally, i have vary interests.i love singing and playing the drums as well soccer.i am also a good listener and be always open to different opinions.i am confident that i can do the job a student myself, firstly, i will create an academic atmosphere so that everyone in our classes can improve their those students who is falling behind, i will find ways to help them to catch ly, i will serve as a bridge among teachers and y, i will arrange parties so we can relax.i believe i am the right person to this sarah, i’m writing because i want to apologize to what i did last week.i’m really sorry.i know we said 8:30, and i would’ve gotten here on time if everything hadn’t gone wrongly.i was late because my watch broke and i didn’t know what the time it you see, i would’ve arrived on time if my watch hadn’t i have to walk because i’d missed the b then i fell over and my trousers got dirty, so i had to go home and get i decided to catch another buses, but it was too late.i would have phoned you and my brother had taken my mobile , i hope you aren’t too angrier with to hear you , jack

today my classmate and i went to a farm for a trip.i get up at six o’clock and we set off by the bus, some of us sang, and some of us all had good hours late, we arrived at the gate of the farm, that the farmers were waiting to give us a warm we were shown around the big farm, they began to plant was really a good way to getting close to nature and protect the environment at the same , we had a picnic and it was great fun to eat on the open y, we went home at half past gh all of us was tired, our trip was really very more my father and mother has been wanting me to study think that it’s natural to master a foreign language in an english-speaking country and that studying abroad at early age will enable me to be er, it will be easier to me to gain advanced knowledge of technology, that will prepare me for a brighter er, my good friend, zhang hua doesn’t agree with thought my english is too limited to communicate with s, the cost is too much for his my opinions, i should continue to study in long as i study hard at now, i’ll make great achievements in the ising informs consumers about newer products available on the gives us information with everything from shampoo to toothpaste to computers and there is one serious problems with information are actually very often tells us the products’ benefits but hides its ising not only leads us to buying things that we don’t need and can’t afford, but it confuses our sense reality.“zoom toothpaste prevents bad teeth and gives you the white teeth!” the advertisement tells it doesn’t tell us the complete truth that a health diet and a good toothbrush will have the same grandfather had had enough of his was tired of her scratching all the furnitures and made a he gave her to a friend, who lived on the other side of told his friends that he was getting so old to look after her.a week later, in a very cold winter day, my grandfather returned home from shopping and surprised to see the cat on his grandfather was moved by the fact that his pet had found his way back from the other side of town in such a cold took the cat outside and gave her lots of loving decided he will never give her away n, the arab people who live in the desert, living in a traditional means they live on much the same way as their ancestors who live in traditional societies has strong ties to the s and beliefs have changed very fear that when changes will make their lives worse rather than are passing on with little changes from one generation to the changes do take cultures change, but they change much quickly at some periods than at very recent years, changes have taken place very quickly everywhere, including deserts of southwest asia and north uncle and aunt come home one evening and discovered huge hole in their also found that their dog was dead and their furniture were covered in horrible-smelling by which they saw, they phoned the the police looked into the problem, they were told what had happened seemed that the container holding the wastes from the toilets on a passing plane had burst contents froze in the atmosphere as it fell towards the the resulting block of ice crashed through the roof and broke into piece, killing the dog after melting in their parts in recreation activities help us keep are various kinds of activity in our daily life, for example, listening to music, watching tv, playing chess, or going to i think we’d better to have more outdoor students, we usually sit too longer in the classroom, and as a result our eyes and brains getting it’s a good idea to play basketball, football, table tennis, go swimming, do some runnings, or even go for a brains also need changes to make it smart and a word, exercise is good for the sandra, you’ll never guess where i’m writing this email.a cave!you know we’re on holidays in , we spend a few days in barcelona had a good time there, though one day i didn’t feel very good.i think i ate too much ice cream the day , when i left barcelona, we came to spend a few days in r, we couldn’t get a hotel — too many tourists and not enough bed!then the hotel owner said, “why don’t try the cave hotels?” we thought he were in caves? but there we are and it’s ’re enjoying it much that we don’t know when we’re going to ’re never going to have enough time to explore for care!

ben

my uncle buys a satellite dish, which is a large round piece of metal that receives satellite decided to set up climbed up the ladder and attached the dish with the side of his he finishing, he and my aunt relaxed for the evening in front of the next day was very much hot, and they decided to stay at home and watch afternoon they heard lots of shouting they went outside, they saw that the house opposite were on ately, the fire was putting turned out that the fire had started because my uncle’s satellite dish had been concentrating the sun’s rays on the curtains of her neighbor’s house but had caused the mas is supposed to be a time express our love and goodwill towards is supposed to be a time which we perform acts of kindness for people less fortunate to do we think of the other people when we sat down to our christmas dinner? of course not — we’re too busy eating those delicious foods related with are too busy wondering that the presents we gave were as nice or better than the one we forget to think of the sick and the whole idea of christmas has complete a shame!

a thief broke into our house and filled his bag by our possessions when he suddenly feeling a pair of eyes on g up, he sees an eagle staring at him with cold, merciless first the man was too frightening to move, but after ten minute he tried moving quietly towards the ore, the eyes just followed him and he couldn’t ally, my parents returned to and found the thief in our my father turned the light, the thief could see that the eagle was just a it was too late and she was father said that the toy eagle were better than any watchdog.21

nowadays more and more students were found cheating in copy from each other;some copy from their text books, reference books or prepared note;others use modern communication tool such as mobile ng in exams will cause some worse one thing, it will result unfair competition and destroy the creativity of bright another, students who often cheats in exams will develop bad habits and won’t be able to meet the needs of society in the how can cheating in exams be stopped? on my opinion, severe punishments should be put into the effect to prevent students from the same time, great efforts should be made to make students understood what kind of person society needs or try to build up their jack, i’m glad to learn that you will come beijing to learn about chinese culture as an exchange the moment, i am studying english in my school but i always get better grades in my class.i’m good at the spoken english, so i’m sure i will communicate with you , my parents are open and kind and is friends with many of my classmates.i believe you will be one of their friend ore, i invite you to live in my home during you stay in beijing.i’m willing to helping you as much as i wishes!

yours, li hua

第四单元阅读短文答案篇四

mei was a very famous pop singer in hong er her mother, she began to perform in the age of the early 77.1980s, she took part in a local singing competition but won the first song “bad girl” made her following years see play in many movies and made many of her songs very was always ready to help others, she made 81.a lot of good sars hit hong kong in 2004, they zed several pop concert with other pop stars, calling on hong people to bravely face the , anita died of cancer december, brave and the beautiful lady will always be ered by joe left university, he got a good work in a bike factory.76． but after he had been worked there for some years, he decided 77． to have change, so he put a notice in several newspapers, 78． saying what experiences he had and the kind of job he would 79． like to of the answers he accepted was from a man 80． was looking for a job, man wrote to him, “dear, sir, 81． when you get a new job, be kind enough to give your name and 82． address to you present boss as i have been trying to find 83． a position like yours for a long time.” after he reads the letter, 84． he suddenly realized that what he had done was real foolish.85．

day john goes to work by always 76.___________ buys a piece newspaper to read on the train, so he feels 77.___________ that the time pass more day on the train he 78.___________ was reading a report about important football match.79.___________ the report was such interesting that he forgot to get off 80.___________ at his didn’t know it until he saw the sea.81.___________ he got off at the next station, and wait a long time for 82.___________ a train to go arrived very lately at the office.83.___________ his boss was angry to him when he told him why he 84.___________ was late.“work is more importance than football!” 85.___________ the first day when i went to work in a very famous 76．___________ restaurant, my boss complained that there were very a few 77．___________ people coming for i am “invited” to have a meal in 78．___________ the ordering two french dishes and some food, 79．___________ i began to look frequently at watch timing the serving of the 80．___________ ile, i looked around to see that there was anything 81．___________ else wrong there.i wrote something improper down 82．___________ meal was not serving yet.i looked at my watch ：32 minutes 83．___________ passed!i realized that wait too long for service was the main 84．__________ reasons why the business was i wrote a report about 85．___________ my findings and presented it to the month we bought our two-year-old daughter a little are not many children of her age there we live, 76． and we thought a dog would make her less were 77． play together happily all daughter now 78． smiles and laughs a lot more than she a way it 79．

is like having two children in the of them are 80． very untidy, but they cry when they do not get what they 81． dog is easy to look after than my daughter.82． he always eats up all his food and we don’t have piles of 83． dirty clothes to wife is also happy because of 84． i have given up dog doesn’t like the smell.85．

6.i went shopping with my have a lot of things to 1._________ buy drove to the center of the city and stopped 2._________ our car in front of the hour late, we came back 3._________ to the it was strange that we couldn't open 4._________ the we asked policeman for was 5._________ glad to help us.a few minute later, he got the door open.6._________ just then a man came up and shouted angrily.“how are 7._________ you doing with my car ” we were surprising and went to 8._________ see the number of the you think we did then 9._________ we had to speak sorry to the man again and again.10._________ my opinion, there are advantages and disadvantages 76.______ traveling both by plane and by by plane is 77.______ time-saving, comfortably, and you can have a good rest 78.______ on the it is too you travel by 79.______ train, it is not expensive and quite safety and you can 80.______ appreciate the beautiful sceneries on both sides of the 81.______ r, it was too crowded and time-wasting, 82.______ and we can take a good you can see every 83.______ coin has two 'd better to choose either of 84.______ them depending on your own interest or economy.85.______

worried, i have accepted your letter and i'm glad to give you some 76.__________ in all, don't be students 77.__________ find it difficulty to write my opinion, if you want to 78.__________ improve your writing, and you can do several , 79.__________ do some study with phrases and sentence , 80.__________ read as much as are many things can't be 81.__________ must see it in books many you'll 82.__________ be able to use them correctly , in order to write 83.__________ well, you must learn to read y, you'd better to 84.__________ recite some good luck for you in your cousin and i usually stay out late with some friends on saturday evenings, left grandpa alone at home.71.___ it was so cold yesterday, however, that none of us wanted 72.____ to suffer from the frozen wind after dinner we 73.____ stay at home sitting around a fire and listening to grandpa 74.____ tell his experiences in second world fact they 75.____ sounded familiar to us, so we were still listening attentively 76.____ so as to make him be and then we asked grandpa 77.____ some questions, that he answered in a humorous 78.____ burst out laughing from time to time and he laughed too.79.____ full of joy, we all felt especially warm in the cold evening.80.____ is known to all that the internet is playing 76________ a more and more important part on our daily life.77________ on it, we can not only read news at home or abroad 78_________ but also get much information as instance, 79_________ we are often send e-mails or make telephone calls 80 _______ to our families as well as our r, 81 _______ we can go to school on the net, read different 82 _______ kind of books and even teach ourselves can also enjoy music, watching sports and play computer can even do shopping without left our homes.83 _______ 84 ________ 85 _______ ⑴ 76.√ ---and ---saw ---make 81.∧and/so 82 they—she t—concerts ⑵ 76．job 77．去掉been 78． a 79．experience 80． received 81． 去掉was/加who 82．your-my 83．√ 84． read 85． really 改为 train 77.去掉 piece。 改为 passes。ant 前加 an 改为 so。81.此行无错。 改为 waited。 改为 late。 改为 with。ance 改为 important。

--on 77 a / 78 was 79 right the /my 81that--whether /if 82 secretly 84 waiting ⑸ 76．there改为where 77．alone改为lonely 78．days改为day 79．used改为used to 80．all改为both 81．but改为and 82．easy改为easier 83．无错 84．去掉of 85．smoke改为smoking 改为had 去掉 改为later 4.正确 后加a 改为 minutes 改为what sing改为surprised 后加do 改为 say —in —travelin9 tably--comfortable --if --safe 81.正确 —is 后加not 84.去掉to --and ⑻ed→received →of ulty→difficult 79.去掉and 80.对 后加that →them →so 84.去掉to →to

-leaving -neither -freezing -stayed 后面加the -but/yet 去掉 -which -on ⑽ →it →in →and ⌒much as r →besides 82.∨ →kinds ng →watch →leaving

⑾ ed→received 77.去掉more, e后加of, →another →said →or两,三天用two or three →soon fast指动作的迅速,soon指时间“尽快地”.84.√ y→happy

⑿ 76.√→are →feel ore→however 80.∧little→a a little boy 81.去掉not 后的to →playing →as →grades“分数”, →in

⒀ →had 77.√ 78去掉but 79.去 掉him ers →shoulder → taken 后加 not →i n后加to ⒁ g—called —or ——died 6.√—both 8.去掉not 前加a —dance

第四单元阅读短文答案篇五

免费而珍贵的礼物

多克是一个信差，他始终坚信自己的使命就是向人们传递快乐。因此，他的口袋里总是装着许多小纸条，上面写着一些鼓励性的话。他将信件和电报送到人们手中的同时，也留给他们一张小纸条，告诉他们“今天是美好的一天”，“要笑口常开”，“别再烦恼”。||

第二次世界大战期间，多克因为年龄太大而没有入伍，但他自告奋勇到野战医院做了一名志愿者，协助医院救死扶伤。

有一天，他突发奇想，在医院的墙上写了一句话：“没有人会死在这里。”他的行为引起了大家的注意，医院的人说他疯了，也有人认为这句话无伤大雅，不必擦掉。

那句话一直没有人去管，就一直留在了那面墙上。后来，不但伤员，就连医生、护士包括院长，都渐渐地记住了这句话。

伤病员们为了不让这句话落空而坚强地活着，医生和护士为了这句话，尽力地给予病人最精心的医治和护理。这个医院变成了一个坚强的医院，每个人的脸上都有一种盼望和坚毅的表情。||

有时候，创造奇迹的不是巨人，也许只是一句普通的话语。而一句鼓励的话语，就是给对方一个免费却珍贵的礼物。它在我们的生命里，微不足道，却往往重如千钧。

1、写出下面词语的意思。

（1）自告奋勇：（2）突发奇想：

2、短文已经用“||”分为三段，请概括段落大意。

3、从短文中你体会到什么道理？石头做汤

许多年以前,有三个士兵从战场上归来。他们又累又饿,来到了一个村庄。由于连续的战争,村民们的收成很不好,他们赶紧把自己仅有的一点食物藏了起来，然后,到广场上去看那三个士兵。他们哀叹缺衣少食,不能招待士兵们饱餐一顿。

士兵们窃窃私语了一会儿,一个士兵说:“你们没有东西给我们吃,不过我们却有让大家共同分享的东西:我们有一个诀窍,能用石头做汤。”

村民们感到非常好奇。不久他们就点起一堆火,架上了一口全村最大的锅。士兵们往锅里放上了三块光滑的石头。“这个,一会儿就能煮成美味的汤。”第二个士兵说,“不过,要是放上点盐,再来点芹菜,它的味道就会更加鲜美。”一听这话,一位村妇说:“太巧了!我正好想起来什么地方还剩下了一点呢。”村民们一个个想起了什么东西。不一会儿,萝卜、牛肉、奶酪纷纷添到了大锅里。在大家坐下来准备喝汤的时候,有人推来了一桶酒。

村民欢聚在广场上,他们一边吃一边跳舞、唱歌,直到深夜。第二天早晨,当三个士兵醒来时,发现村民们全都站在他们周围,还有一背包面包和奶酪。“你们给了我们最宝贵的礼物:用石头做汤的诀窍,”一位长者说,“我们会永远牢记在心间的。”

第三个士兵对众人说:“其实也没有什么诀窍。不过有一点是肯定的,只要人人都拿出一点东西来,就可以办成让大家分享的宴会。”

1、按要求写词语。

近义词：珍贵（）诀窍（）反义词：肯定（）缺衣少食（）

2、村民对待三个士兵的态度前后有什么不同？

3、引起村民态度变化的原因是什么？

4、村民们给三个士兵吃的、喝的，为什么还要感谢他们？

5、你从短文得到什么启示？

郑板桥

郑板桥是清朝的一位书画家。小时候，他聪明好学，但家里很穷。夜里读书没钱打油，就经常到附近一个庙里，借着佛灯读书，后来中了进士，当了县令。

郑板桥的一生最________（突出杰出）的成就，是在诗书画方面独树一帜，号称“诗书画三绝”。

他的诗大都来自现实，来自生活，言之有物，读起来妙趣横生。

他写的字大大小小，歪歪斜斜，如乱石铺路，但是给人一种特殊的美感，自成一家，这就是他的“板桥体”。如今，还有不少人在模仿他的书法呢！

郑板桥的画也闻名于世。他特别喜欢画兰、竹、石。他认为兰四时不谢，竹子百年长青，石头万古不移，是值得赞颂的。

郑板桥在潍县当县令时，那里闹灾荒，他因私自开仓救济百姓而被罢官。从此，他回到家乡，以卖画为生。可他有个怪脾气，一些财主、官吏依仗财势叫他画画儿，他却偏不画。

那粗壮的身子保护着杉树。任凭风刮雷劈，毫不动摇。它的树枝一律向上伸展，而且互相靠拢。像经过人工修剪似的；又像一个区人高耸着千百条铁的臂膀，给人以奋发向上的力量。

春天，枝上萌出嫩芽，闪着黄绿的眉眼。微风拂过，眨呀眨的，多像少女那充满活力的妩媚的眼睛。夏天，叶子长成小扇子的模样，绿得似乎就会滴下油来。到了秋天，叶子变黄郑板桥卖字画所得的钱，大多数给了穷人。他身背一个长口袋，卖画的银子放在里面，一路散发给穷苦百姓，走到家银子也就散发光了。

郑板桥活到七十三岁。他的一生给我们留下许多宝贵_______（财富财产），永远值得我们纪念。

1.给文中带点的字选择正确的读音，画“√”

⑴后来中（zhōng zhòng了进士⑵散(sǎn sàn)发⑶他身背（bēi bèi）一个长口袋⑷号（háo hào）称2.把文中符合下列意思的词语写在括号里。

⑴单独打起一面旗号。比喻自成一家。（）⑵指充满了美妙的情趣。（）4.郑板桥特别喜欢兰、竹、石的原因是什么？

5.简要概括郑板桥同情穷苦百姓的两件事。

第一件：__________________________________________________

第二件：________________________________________________________

老银杏树

在我们的楼前，有一棵老银杏树。它高大挺拔，像一个威武的巨人。它度过了漫长的岁月，谁也算不出它的确切年龄。

这棵银杏树的树干笔直笔直，已长到三层楼的楼顶那么高了。假如把大地比做一张弓的话。那么这棵银杏树就是一支射向蓝天的长箭。它耸立在一排水杉前面，暴风雨来了，它用

了，一阵风吹过，摇一树金片。抬头仰望，就像大地举起了一支饱蘸黄色油彩的大笔，要为蓝色的天空添上一幅美丽的画图，秋风吹得紧了，片片黄叶纷纷扬扬飘落下来，像一只只黄蝴蝶在追逐嬉戏。冬天，落在地面的叶子渐渐地被尘土排埋，慢慢地化成肥料溶进大地，为来年新叶生长提供了养料。银杏树的果实一串串，黄澄澄。它隐藏在稠密的叶子里面，不易发现，而不像苹果，桃子那那样高高地悬挂在枝头，炫耀自己。

啊，银杏树，你高大的形象，给人们奋发的力量；你那闪光的品德，给人以深深的启迪。银杏树，我赞美你！

（1）写出下面词语的反义词。漫长（）稠密（）

（2）“假如把大地比做一张弓的话，那么这棵银杏树就是一支射向蓝天的长箭。”这句话运用了____________的修辞手法。把______比作______，突出地描写了银杏树的____________。

（3）全文是抓住了银杏树的______、______、______、______来记叙的。

（4）概括第四自然段的段意。第四自段__________________________________。（5）短文表扬了银杏树的什么？

我们没有忘记

十岁生日那天，我兴冲冲地从学校回家。一路上，我美滋滋地想：家中饭桌上早已摆着一个精美的蛋糕，上面写着我的名字，还有那句“祝你生日快乐”。更妙的是也许蛋糕上还有奶油做的粉红色的月季花和黄绿色的小鹦鹉，因为几天前，我去参加一个同学的生日晚会，他家的饭桌上就摆着这样一个蛋糕。况且，我已向妈妈明确表示，我过生日，也要一个这样的蛋糕。

然而，当我跨进家门时，我的希望破灭了。饭桌上空空如也！也就在此时，妈妈端过一碗面，说“敏敏，今天是你的生日，这碗长寿面你趁热吃了吧。”

我满脸不高兴，望着那双整整齐齐摆着的一双筷子，一声不吭。妈妈看了看我，说“妈先给你讲讲这碗面吧！”

妈妈告诉我，这碗面叫“长寿面”，含有长命百岁的意思；里面的鸡蛋，寓意你长大了一岁；面上撒的葱花，那是希望你葱（聪）明。

妈妈还告诉我，生日吃长寿面，那是一种传统。况且，一碗长寿面不到两块钱，而一个蛋糕要几十块，这里面有节约的问题，勤俭是我们中华民族的传统美德，让我千万不能丢。妈妈那番语重心长的话，我当时似懂非懂，但后来越想越觉的得有道理。

随着年龄的增长，我懂的道理也更多了。我懂得了李商隐的“历览前贤国与家，成由勤俭败由奢”；懂得了诸葛亮的“勤能养性，俭能养德”；懂得毛主席为什么舍不得买一块擦脚的毛巾；懂得了朱德为什么进北京后还种菜„„

一个名人说过：“就人格而言，每个人都可以成为伟人。”同学们，让我们行动起来，从小事起。这样，面对我们的先辈，面对我们的祖国，就可以大声地说：我们没有忘记华夏的美德！

1.写出下列词语的近义词。

也许----（）明确----（）破灭----（）语重心长----（）2.结合上下文，理解词语的意思。

⑴空空如也：__________________________

⑵历览前贤国与家，成由勤俭败由奢：_______________________________________ 3.你对生日的理解是什么？

4.“我们没有忘记华夏的美德！”这里的“美德” 指的是什么？

_______________________________________________________________________

5.你认为生日应该这样过才有意义？

_______________________________________________________________________

迟到以后

我离教室越来越近了。传达室的挂钟告诉我，我[竞竟]迟到了30分钟！每走[近进]一步，我的心就跳得格外剧[烈列]。“谁叫你起得这么晚呢？你看还有10分钟，第一节课就要下了！”我暗暗责备自己，担心老师会严[历厉]地批评我，同学们会投来责备的目光……走到教室门口，我更huānɡzhānɡ（）了。是进，还是退？我犹豫不决。但是，我忽然想到，在这ɡuān jiàn（）时刻，后退一步，就是rónɡrěn（）自己的错误，就是向自己的弱点退让；前进一步，就是克服缺点的开始，就能多学点知识。想到这里，我yì rán（）地抬脚跨进教室。

教室里，同学们正在全神贯注地听老师讲课。“报告！”我刚喊出口，几十双眼睛刷地一下盯在我身上，我赶快低下头，只感到脸上发烫这时老师走了过来严肃而又亲切地xún wèn（）我李文同学今天怎么来得这么迟呢我轻轻地回答我我昨晚看电视看得太晚了今天睡过了头我的头更低了老师看出了我的心情，亲切地叫我坐下，chénɡ kěn（）地说：“珍惜这短短的几分钟！”我偷偷地看了一下周围，同学们的目光也是和善的……

亲切的jiào huì（），善意的目光，使我忐忑不安的心情渐渐平静下来，我暗下决心，要把sǔnshī（）的时间补回来。我坐好后，迅速拿出书和笔记本，带着huǐ hèn（）和决心，认真地记下了这bǎo ɡuì（）的几分钟内学到的知识。

1、围绕短文题目《迟到以后》，你可以提出哪些问题？请写在下面的横线上。a、b、c、d、2、读短文思考你提出的问题，然后概括地说说这篇短文写了什么。

3、根据文中的拼音，在（）里写出正确的词语。

4、用“”划去文中[ ]内不恰当的字。5.用“——”画出一处描写“我”心理活动的句

子。

6.联系上下文解释词语。

犹豫不决 ：全神贯注：忐忑不安：

6、在文中的括号内填入恰当的标点符号。

7、把下面词语按一定顺序填入下面空格里，反映出“我”心理活动的变化过程。犹豫紧张坚定担心自责决心惭愧->->->->->->

8、结合文章内容说说你怎样评价文中的这位老师。

9、你是否有过这样的经历？你心目中的老师应该是怎样的？

10、读了这篇短文，你认为怎样对待时间？

泪为谁流

饭桌上，因为父亲的一句呵斥，委屈的泪水夺眶而出；病床前，因为亲友没有来探望，怨恨的泪打湿枕巾；寝室里，因为没有及时在生日时送来一束鲜花，失望的泪悄然而下……夜晚，黄昏……

就在一次次失望、委屈和怨恨中我渐渐醒悟：人活在世上，不能把自己的喜怒哀乐建立在他人的言语和行动上。自己的泪水怎么能打湿别人的心野？

对于亲情，对于友情，我们都过于苛刻，过于信赖了。每个人都是独立的，每个人都是有自己的理想、自己的事业、自己的内心世界。即使你最亲近的人，他也不可能时时观察你的情绪，刻刻关心你的生活。更何况有谁真正走入你的内心，了解你的所思所想？我们都希望得到别人的理解、别人的支持、别人的呵护。然而更多的时候，我们要学会面对自己的世界！在阳光灿烂，鲜花遍野，盈满祝福的日子里，我们要笑逐颜开；在阴雨连绵，踽踽独行的日子里，更要坚定信念，走得坦然，走得潇洒。

对别人少一份苛求，对自己多一份严格；对别人少一份依赖，对自己多一份自主。面对别人关切的问候，面对他人冷漠的脸庞，更要坦然相对，眼泪是珍贵的，但更是软弱的。聪明的你，千万别时常拿它做武器。

1、给加粗的字注音。

呵斥（）启发（）苛刻（）坦然（）

2、选字填空。

夺____而出（框 眶）喜怒____乐（衰哀）笑逐____开（艳颜）

3、再读第一自然段，认真体会。你是怎样读第一片段的？请仿照第一段写一段话。____________________________________________________________________________

4、结尾句“聪明的你，千万别时常拿它做武器”中“它”指的是什么？为什么“别时常拿它做武器”？

______________________________________________________________________________

6、短文中你有不理解的词吗？把不理解的词语写出来，再说说你会用什么学习方法去理解这些词语？

_____________________________________________________________________________