三年级上册数学说课稿人教版(六篇)
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三年级上册数学说课稿人教版篇一
1、说教学内容
《交通与数学》是义务教育课程标准实验教科书(北师版)三年级上册第52至53页的内容。
2、说教学内容的作用、地位及意义
交通与数学”是三年级上册第五单元“周长”的一节复习课,学生在本课之前已学习了乘除法计算的知识,理解了乘除法运算的意义,能够根据问题选择算法和正确计算乘除法。因此运用已学的乘除法、周长知识解决生活中的实际问题是本课重点。课题是“交通与数学”,在生活中交通与每个人的生活息息相关,而旅游是儿童经常经历又比较感兴趣的出行活动,以旅游活动为主线设计教学,可充分利用本课已有学习材料,又能设计开放的问题。因此,我充分地利用主题图,创设问题情境,让学生运用乘除法、周长的知识解决旅游活动中出现的系列问题,发展数感和数学应用意识
根据新课标的精神和教材特点,结合三年级学生的实际水平,我确定的这节课的教学目标为以下三点:1. 能运用周长、乘除法知识和方法解决实际生活中的简单问题。
2. 结合具体情境,感受数学在交通中的应用,获得初步的数学实践活动的经验,发展数感。
3. 通过小组合作、交流,掌握解决问题方法的多样化,训练思维的灵活性和独立性,培养学生认真观察和合作探究的能力,激发学习兴趣,感受数学与生活的密切联系。
本课的重点:运用周长、乘除法知识计算生活中实际的问题是本课的重点
本课的难点:. “上楼梯”问题以及推测老师去的景点和估计时间是这一节课的难点,但难点的分布和教材的内容都显得分散、凌乱。
为了有效地突出重点,突破难点,在教学上力求做到:
1、从学生身边的生活入手拉近数学与生活的关系,运用现代教育技术,呈现丰富多彩的精美图片,让学生欣赏美丽动人的风光,为学生创设和谐的学习氛围,激发学生的学习热情,增强了学生学习数学的兴趣,自主参与到学习活动之中。
2、联系学生的生活实际,创设旅游活动情景,让学生体会到数学与生活的密切联系。
3、以学生为本,改变学生的学习方式。鼓励学生独立思考、合作探究解决问题,让学生在活动中感受到解决问题策略的多样性,感悟到优化解决问题的方法,培养学生的合作意识和实践能力,体现学生是数学学习的主人,教师是数学学习的组织者、引导者与合作者。
新课标指出:动手实践、自主探究、合作交流是学生学习数学的重要方式。因此在学法上力求做到:引导学生联系自己的生活实际,提出相关的问题,并以独立思考、小组讨论、合作探究、小组汇报等学习方式解决问题,感受到解决问题策略的多样性,感悟到优化解决问题的方法,从中获得广泛的活动经验,提高自己的实践能力,增强数学的应用意识,感受到学数学、用数学的乐趣。
围绕教学目标,本节课分四个环节进行教学。
第一环节:谈话导入,同学们每天上学,几点从家出发,路有多远?
大家估计一下家离学校的距离,算一算你每天上学放学走多远。
生口算或笔算求出答案,汇报并与小组的同学交流一下,互相了解。
这样从学生身边的生活入手拉近数学与生活的关系,增强了学生学习数学的兴趣。)
第二环节:活用资源、激发兴趣、提出问题
同学们看图“小东上学去”,你能提出什么问题?和小组同学交流一下,看看谁能回答你的问题。
2. 生小组合作,提出并解决问题。师巡视,对有困难的学生给予必要的指导。
把提问的权利还给学生,有利于培养学生的问题意识。然后由我提出:小东教室在六楼每上一层大约用12秒,1分时间内能从一层走到家吗?这道题有的说能,有的说不能,为什么?展开讨论
生1:一楼不用上,他实际就上了5层楼。
生2:比如说我家住在2楼,实际就上了一层楼梯。
生3:我忽略了一楼不用上楼梯。
师小结:同学们在解决问题的时候,要结合生活中的实际情况,想一想,再解答。跟同桌说一说你家住在几楼,你上了几层楼梯。
生活中处处有数学,但要从生活中抽象出数学认识,则有一定的困难。在这一步的教学中,我注意了让学生通过彼此间的思想碰撞与交流,互相补充、提醒。这种生教生的方法,更易让学生接受,学生成为学习的主人。)
第三环节:创设情境、合作探究、解决问题
1自选旅游线路活动
1. 播放课件,介绍三大旅游线路。通过自主选择旅游线路,体现学生自主学习的乐趣,在小组合作学习的过程中,经历做数学的活动。在活动中不断寻找数学问题,并在其中渗透估算问题,在解决问题的过程中巩固乘除法计算。现在火车的时速是每时100千米,请你估计一下大约坐多长时间的火车?
推测老师所去的路线和估计坐火车多长时间是一个富有挑战性的问题。学生可能利用除法有关知识进行推测和估计,如用,所花的钱除以三人来推测,所选路线的里程数除以火车时速进行估计。这样可以开放学生的思维,提高思维水平,发展学生知识的迁移能力。
2选合适的路线去宾馆
让学生感受到解决问题策略的多样性,让学生感受到不能仅仅用眼睛观察,还要动手操作,使学生们体会到数学与生活的密切联系,掌握到一定的生活技能。这样的教学设计,既突出了学生的主体地位,促进师生和生生之间形成良性的互动,又培养了学生的合作意识和实践能力。
第四环节:反思交流小结:
看书质疑对于这节课的学习,你有什么疑问?学生在反思交流中感受到学数学、用数学的乐趣,体会到生活中处处有数学。
三年级上册数学说课稿人教版篇二
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三年级上册数学说课稿人教版篇四
人教版课标实验教材三年级上册第104—105页,学习时间在12月中旬。
在现实世界中,有些事件的结果在一定的条件下可以预知,即确定现象;有些事件的结果在一定的条件下无法事先预知,即随机现象(不确定现象)。为了帮助学生认识现实生活中的确定现象和随机现象,《课程标准》第一学段新增了属于概率知识范畴的内容《可能性》。旨在引导学生观察分析生活中的现象,初步体验现实世界中存在着不确定现象,认识事件发生的确定性和不确定性。教材选取了“新年联欢会上抽签表演节目”的现实情境,引入本单元的学习内容。通过主题图及例1、例2的教学,使学生初步体验在现实世界中有些事件的发生是确定的,有些则是不确定的。
1.用学生熟悉的生活情境及感兴趣的游戏活动作为教学素材,帮助学生理解数学知识。
2.引导学生经历做数学的过程,让学生在数学活动中体验不确定现象和可能性。
1.学生初步体验生活中有些事件的发生是确定的,有些则是不确定的;
2.学生了解一定、不可能、可能的意义,能够用“一定”、“不可能”、“可能”描述生活中的现象;
3.学生感受“一定”、“不可能”、“可能”在一定条件下可以互相转化。
教学重难点:理解可能性,建立正确的随机的概念。
元旦节快到了,东方超市为了吸引顾客,准备举行一次摸奖活动。摸奖的规则是:在一个盒子里放一些球,凡是一次购物满50元的顾客,都有一次摸奖机会。摸到红球有奖,摸到白球没有奖。如果请你设计,你能想出几种放球的方案?
板书学生的方案:全放红球全放白球既放红球又放白球
[设计意图]把教材中呈现的“新年联欢会上抽签表演节目”的情境改变为更贴近学生、学生更熟悉、更现实的摸奖的情境,为更好的引导学生经历将现实问题抽象成数学模型并进行解释与应用作好心理上的准备。
㈠学生小组合作摸球,感受事件发生的确定性与可能性。
提问:根据你们的方案,会出现什么结果呢?
小组合作,用老师提供的学习材料(摸球用的盒子、5个红球、5个白球、试验结果记录单)依次进行摸球试验,并把试验的结果记录下来。
小组合作要求:1.小组长组织,确定记录人和汇报人;2.摸前搅和一下,摸时不能看,按一定顺序来摸,次数不定;3.每摸一次,就把结果记录下来;4.摸完后,观察记录单,能发现什么。
试验结果记录单:
⑴全放红球
摸球次数
第1次
第2次
第3次
第4次
第5次
第6次
第7次
第8次
……
球的颜色
⑵全放白球
摸球次数
第1次
第2次
第3次
第4次
第5次
第6次
第7次
第8次
……
球的颜色
⑶既放红球又放白球
摸球次数
第1次
第2次
第3次
第4次
第5次
第6次
第7次
第8次
……
球的颜色
㈡组织学生交流,认识“一定”、“不可能”、“可能”。
学生汇报试验结论,并说一说你们是怎样试验的。如,汇报全放红球试验时,说一说放了几个红球,摸了几次,每次摸到的是什么颜色的球,能摸到其它颜色的球吗?为什么?
根据学生的汇报完成板书:
可能性
一定
结果确定{
不可能
结果不一定─可能
㈢用“一定”、“不可能”、“可能”描述摸球试验的结论。
[设计意图]为学生创设了开放的学习空间,学生没有老师的限制,只有根据学习目标的自主学习活动,盒子里放多少个球,摸多少次……一切都由学生做主。教师的作用发挥在汇报过程中的引导学生反思上,让学生通过第一次摸球活动,深深地感受到不管盒子里放几个球,也不管摸几次,在不看的前提下,如果只放红球,就一定只能摸到红球,不可能摸到其它颜色的球;如果既放红球,又放白球,就既可能摸到红球,又可能摸到白球。在对比中更好地体会确定事件和不确定事件。
用“一定”、“不可能”、“可能”不仅可以描述摸球试验的结论,还可以描述现实世界中的自然想象和社会现象。
三年级上册数学说课稿人教版篇五
1、教材分析
“认识分数”是人教版《数学》三年级上册第7单元第一课时的教学内容。这部分内容是在学生掌握万以内整数的基础上,联系实际生活的需要,先从学生们熟悉的野餐均分食物的情境出发,联系平均分蛋糕的结果,初步认识简单的分数,然后让学生自己用不同的方法折纸,并涂出它的1/2,进一步体会意义,接着又在操作活动中教学几分之一的大小比较。这是学生对数的认识的一次重要扩展。这部分知识的掌握不仅可以使理解并建立分数的初步概念,也可为今后进一步深入学习分数和小数打下基础。
2、学情分析
小学生从认识整数发展到认识分数,是一次飞跃,学生在生活中听说过二分之一,三分之一,但是他们并不理解。分数的产生是从等分某个不可分的单位开始的,儿童生活里有这样的经验,但不会以分数来表述。教学中要注意让学生从实际生活经验出发,在丰富的操作活动中主动地反思并获取知识。
《课程标准》对这节教材的要求是这样的:能结合具体情境初步理解分数的意义,能认、读、写简单的分数。根据教材地位、课程标准的要求和学生的认知特点,确定以下教学目标及重点难点:
1、教学目标:
(1)知识与技能方面:直观认识几分之一,初步形成关于几分之一的表象,会读写几分之一,能直观地比较几分之一的大小。
(2)过程与方法方面:经历从日常生活中抽象出数的过程,通过一系列操作、讨论等数学学习活动,体会到认识分数的基本途径和方法。
(3)情感与态度方面:感受主动参与、合作交流的乐趣,培养自主探索的学习习惯。
2、教学重点:认识几分之一的含义
3、教学难点:在头脑中建构起几分之一的表象。
1、突出数学概念形成的一般过程。
对于三年级的学生来说,分数的概念是一个原发性概念,学生头脑中没有与之对应的上位或下位概念,因此必须遵循数学概念形成的规律,按照实例观察、分析共性、抽象属性、符号表示、具体运用的流程充分展开教学过程,尤其是要通过大量的操作实践,在学生的头脑中建立起比较丰富的表象。
2、突出数学学习方式的综合运用。
动手实践、自主探索、合作交流是学生学习数学的重要学习方式。本课教学从教师的教来看,要做到设情引趣,为学生创设情境,引导学生想学、乐学;要创造主动参与,积极探究的氛围,让学生会学、善学。从学生的学来看,要注重动手操作,动眼观察、动脑思考;注重同桌互学,小组研讨,集体交流。整个教学过程着眼于一个“探”字,贯穿一个“疑”字,突出一个“动”字。
(1)自主学习,着眼一个“探”字。
数学学习的主体是学生,要让他们拥有强烈的学习欲望,亲身感受探寻数学的乐趣,用自己的方式去主动学习。例如:表示半个蛋糕时,让学生尝试着想办法表示它。这样促使学生主动、全面地参与教学活动,促进学生主体性的生成和发展。
(2)巧妙引导,贯穿一个“疑”字。
教师要善于在教学中使学生“于无疑处生疑”把学生思维引到焦点上,使他们动脑筋,感兴趣,从而积极主动地学习。例如:当认识了二分之一后,教师引导学生思考:除了能折出这张纸的1/2,你还能折出它的几分之一呢?这样设疑大大激发了学生学习的兴趣,使他们积极主动地去探索。
(3)实践操作,突出一个“动”字。
在课堂上,要让学生动手操作,通过摆学具等实践活动,在思维活跃和情绪高涨的情况下,积极主动地获取知识。活动中,学生不单单是在动口、动手、动脑,更重要的是通过“动的过程”了解知识的形成过程,以外在“动”的形式,使学生对知识的内化和感悟更为深刻和完善。
(一)、情境引入:
1、谈话出示情境图,说说准备了哪些食品?怎样分能让两人都满意?(突出平均分)
2、学生共同平均分野餐的食品,汇报分法和结果。
【设计意图:要让学生在熟悉的实际生活情境中经历由整数拓展到分数的过程。】
(二)、探究新知:
1、认识1/2。
(1)组织学生利用学具小圆片动手折一折、涂一涂、说一说,初步形成1/2的表象。
(2)老师小结揭题,规范表述分数意义的语言,并指导写法、读法和各部分的名称、含义。
【设计意图:在平均分的过程中,学生逐步积累了1/2的基本表象,通过教师有意识的引导,学生主动地去尝试建构1/2的意义,整个环节从操作实践开始,完成于意义建构。】
(3)通过反例(没有平均分的情况)来加深学生的理解。
【设计意图:进一步突出“平均分”在分数概念中的核心作用。】
(4)折纸游戏:表示其他学具图形的1/2,体验不同折法,设问:大家看黑板上这几幅作品,他们的折法不同,涂色的部分也各不相同,但它们都可以用1/2来表示,那是为什么呢?并观察发现:平均分的图形大小相同,他们的1/2也相同;平均分的图形大小不同,他们的1/2也不同。教师重点指出“要讲清是谁的1/2”。[这里为今后分数应用题中分率与对应单位1埋下伏笔。]
【设计意图:让学生在游戏中发挥创造性,从各种不同的'方法中进一步认识1/2,丰富1/2的表象,也为后面学习其他分数提供思路和方法。】
2、认识几分之一。
过渡:除了能折出这些纸的1/2,你还能折出它们的几分之一呢?(相机板书:1/3、1/4、1/5……)让学生利用各种学具纸片等材料通过折一折、画一画,表示自己喜欢的分数,贴上黑板上相应的分数下面,并说说分数表示的意思。
【设计意图:再次提供给学生自主创造的机会,在动手操作中主动拓宽知识,认识新的分数。】
3、在辨析中深化认识。完成“想想做做”第2题。
【设计意图:针对分数概念中容易出错的地方有目的的让学生鉴别,以加深印象。】
4、辩论验证,比较分子是1的分数的大小。
(1)谈话引出辩论问题:妈妈买了两个同样的大饼,弟弟吃了一个饼的1/2,哥哥吃了一个饼的1/4,他们谁吃得多?引发不同意见,引导学生通过折纸来加以直观验证,也允许学生进行单纯数学思考,即从平均分的份数上理解其中一份的大小。
(2)妈妈吃了饼的1/8和兄弟俩比一比,是多还是少呢?
(3)整理本堂课上用圆片表示的分数,进行排列,引导学生观察发现其中的秘密。(同样大小的圆片,平均分成不同的份数,分的份数越多,每一份反而越小。)再出示一整个全部涂满颜色的圆,体会几分之一与“1”的关系。
【设计意图:通过这样的主动辩论、验证比较,一方面丰富对几分之一的认识,另一方面也可以让学生感受到简单分数大小比较的方法,发展数学思考。】
(三)巩固新知:
1、听写分数的练习。(教师说分数的方式是多样的,如a、八分之一;b、一个分数,分母是10,分子是1;c、把一块糖平均分成5份,一份是这块糖的几分之几。)
2、从身边的事物中找一找分数,并具体说明一下,老师可以先举个实例作启发。
3、完成想想做做第6题。
【设计意图:通过多形式听写分数的综合练习,巩固本课所学基本知识点。通过寻找身边的分数再次让数学知识回归到实际生活中,从黑板报中“艺术园地”约占版面几分之一的估计中,还能有效培养学生的数感。】
(四)总结拓展。
1、全课总结。
2、发散练习:表示出每个小图形是大正方形的几分之一。[此题是课本上“想想做做”第6题的延续,进一步提高学生综合运用能力。]
三年级上册数学说课稿人教版篇六
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