2023年三年级数学说课稿一等奖(四篇)
人的记忆力会随着岁月的流逝而衰退,写作可以弥补记忆的不足,将曾经的人生经历和感悟记录下来,也便于保存一份美好的回忆。大家想知道怎么样才能写一篇比较优质的范文吗?下面是小编为大家收集的优秀范文,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
三年级数学说课稿一等奖篇一
����
����1��öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£ï¿½
����2�����õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ã¹«ê½ï¿½ï¿½
����3����ó¦ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
���������ñ¾ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½
��������ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î§ï¿½éµï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½îµä´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×ºï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½
����ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×£ï¿½
�����߳���1���׵������î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½
����1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½
����1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1���ס�
����[�ò³ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ú°å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½]��������îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½
����6æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½
����������ã´öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£ï¿½
�����������î»ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½
����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä²ù³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ò»ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·³ï¿½ï¿½
�����鷳��
����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½úµï¿½ë®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½[��ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ë®ï¿½æ²¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½]
�������ü¡ï¿½
������ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é·³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½úºü¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½þ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ò»ï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öºã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½
����[��ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½]
�������������ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ã¡£ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç´ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ß´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½å£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½5���ף���3���׵ä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½å¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î°ï¿½ò»ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½
����[ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ñ²ï¿½ï¿½]
����[ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½]îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î·å´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½[���úºú°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½]��
������������î³ï¿½5���ף����å³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ô°ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½
�������å³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½5��1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½
����[ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½]
������3���ף����å¿ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½
�������å¿ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3�å¡ï¿½
����[ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ð£¬½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ê¾](��í¼14)
�����üºã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë£¬ò»ï¿½å°ï¿½5��1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½3�å£ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½15æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½
��������������ä£ï¿½
����5��3=15(æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)
�����ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½15æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½
����[��ê¦ï¿½ö³ï¿½ê¾ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½](��í¼15)
����[��í¼]ëöªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ô°ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£ï¿½
�������å³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½å¿ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½6��1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡ï¿½
������ã»ï¿½ð°ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½6��1æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
������îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½6���ס�
�����ô£ï¿½
�������å¿ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½å£ï¿½
�������å¿ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ô°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½
������ã»ï¿½ð°ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½
������îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2���ס�
�����ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½
���������12æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½6��2=12(æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½)
三年级数学说课稿一等奖篇二
义务教育五年制小学教科书(实验本)《数学》第五册第146—147页,人民教育出版社1991年版。
1.知道长方形、正方形面积公式的推导过程;
2.掌握长方形、正方形面积的计算公式;
3.会应用公式计算长方形、正方形的面积。
我们已经学过面积和面积单位。现在复习,什么叫面积?常用的面积单位有哪些?
物体的表面或围成的平面图形的大小,叫做它们的面积。常用的面积单位有平方厘米、平方分米和平方米。
什么是1平方厘米?
边长是1厘米的正方形,它的面积是1平方厘米。
1平方分米的正方形,边长是多少?
1平方分米的正方形,边长是1分米。
[挂出小黑板,上面画有一个长方形。教师用1平方分米的正方形量这个长方形的面积]这个长方形的面积是多少?
6平方分米。
你是怎么知道的?
用面积单位直接量出来的。
假如有一个很大的正方形的操场,要想知道它的面积,用面积单位一个一个地量麻烦吗?
麻烦。
假如有一个长方形的养鱼池,要想知道它的占地面积,能把面积单位摆到水面上去量吗?[边说边用抽拉幻灯片演示水面波动的养鱼池]
不能。
这说明用面积单位直接量的方法,不是最好的方法,不仅麻烦,而且在很多情况下,无法用面积单位直接量。因此,这就需要我们学一种计算面积的好方法。今天我们就来学习这种好方法,爱学吗?
爱学!
[出示课题:长方形、正方形面积的计算]
我们首先研究长方形面积的计算。请同学们从学具袋中拿出长方形纸板,这是一个长5厘米,宽3厘米的长方形纸板。请你们用1平方厘米的小正方形摆一摆,看看它的面积是多少?
[学生操作,教师巡视]
[学生操作完毕]为了让同学们看得清楚,我把这个长方形放大了[贴在黑板上]。
这个长方形长5厘米,沿着长边一排可以摆几个1平方厘米的正方形?
沿着长边一排可以摆5个1平方厘米的正方形。
[学生说,教师摆]
宽3厘米,沿着宽边可以摆这样的几排?
沿着宽边可以摆这样的3排。
[学生回答,教师演示](见图14)
很好!想一想,一排摆5个1平方厘米的正方形,摆了这样的3排,一共有多少平方厘米呢?
一共有15平方厘米。
你是怎样算的?
5×3=15(平方厘米)
对,它的面积是15平方厘米。
[教师又出示一个长方形](见图15)
[看图]谁知道沿着长边一排可以摆几个1平方厘米的正方形?
沿着长边一排可以摆6个1平方厘米的正方形。
你没有摆,怎么知道能摆6个1平方厘米的正方形呢?
因为这个长方形的长是6厘米。
对!
沿着宽边可以摆这样的几排?
沿着宽边可以摆这样的两排。
你没有摆,怎么知道能摆两排呢?
因为宽是2厘米。
对!这个长方形的面积是多少?怎样列式?
面积是12平方厘米。6×2=12(平方厘米)
三年级数学说课稿一等奖篇三
�𾴵���î¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½
������òºã¡ï¿½
�����ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ì°ï¿½ð¡ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½â²ï¿½ï¿½46ò³ï¿½ï¿½48ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½î¡ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ì²ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ì·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ì¾ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡ï¿½
����
����1���ì²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýµäµï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å£º
�����ꡢ�â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ãµä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½äµ¥î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½äµ¥î»ï¿½ç½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ãµ¥î»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¾ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôªï¿½ç´ë»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ê±ï¿½äµ¥î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ä¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ê±ï¿½äµ¥î»ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½öªê¶ò²ô½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ï¿½ø³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³é½ï³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶à³¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì²ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµêµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½
����2����ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½
������1��öªê¶ï¿½ë¼¼ï¿½ü£ï¿½
��������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ê±ï¿½äµ¥î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ð¡ï¿½âµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½â£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµ¥µï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½
������2�������뷽����í¨ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¼ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������3�����ì¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½û£ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï§ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß¡ï¿½
����3����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½
������1��ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½
������2�����ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ´ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ð¡ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î±ï¿½ä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ññ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½è¡ï¿½ä½ì·ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½
������1��å¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ê¦îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¡¢ñµï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ßµï¿½ô��ע��öªê¶ï¿½î³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ìµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¶×ªï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
������2����������ö±ï¿½û½ì¾ß¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¶î´ïµ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ð§ï¿½ê¡ï¿½
����
���������ꡢ�â¡ï¿½ï¿½õµï¿½öªê¶ï¿½è½ï³ï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡£ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ì¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¡ï¿½ï¿½ü½á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ö¶îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð³ï¿½öµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½á¶¯ï¿½ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½í¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ýµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¡ï¿½
����
�������ú¿îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò·ï¿½îªï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½
������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½öª
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1���ó±ß¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ñ´ð°¸¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½1���ó¹ï¿½è¥ï¿½ë£ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»í¬ñ§ï¿½ö±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½â£¬ë���ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»î»ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£¬è»ï¿½ó·¢¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½í³ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½2ê±=��120���ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ð°¸£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ô»ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð±ï¿½ï¿½ï¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±ï¿½ï¿îµä±ï¿½ï¿½ï·½ê½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ùºùºù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¶¼ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½äµ¥î»ï¿½ï¿½
����������æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªñ§ï¿½âµï¿½ê±ï¿½äµ¥î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµæ¡£
�����ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡¢ï¿½é¾°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë°é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â·ï¿½ï¿½é·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½âºã²ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ç°ï¿½ï¿½ê¦òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ø´ð¼¸¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ò»ï¿½â¾í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1993��������æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ï·¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ°ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½2�â·ï¿½ï¿½ò¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í»ï¿½ëµï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2��29����ò»ï¿½ì¡£îªê²ã´ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ë£©ï¿½ï¿½îª1993��2�â·ý¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ï¿½29����ò»ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµä¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ùµä¡ï¿½ï¿½é´ë¿é¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½äµ¥î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ä±ï¿½ô��ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½äµ¥î»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½
����������æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¶è¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ã½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü»ï¿½ü¸ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½â²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����æ¬ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ²î¼ó±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½xxxx��1��1�õ£ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ë¿´ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¡ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ò²ï¿½ï¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â²»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½å®ï¿½ó°îºó±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£©
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½10��1����ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£¿£ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ð£º¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ê¿ªê¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü»ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½ã«ï¿½ï¿½ï¯10��1�����찲���������ð»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ¹²ºí¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ì£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½1949�꣩�ó´ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1949��10��1����ò»ï¿½ìµ®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½
����������������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ò¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü»ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ëµã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½7��13���ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½xxx�ꡣ��������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½xxx��7��13���ð¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â³é¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ëµò»ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¬ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ëµï¿½ï¿½3��12����ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½çµï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½3��12����ö²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼æ¬ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ñ¿ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½í¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½6��1�õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ùºùºù£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ê±ï¿½äµ¥î»è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ºï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î³ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½
����������æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½áµ½ï¿½ê¡¢ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ä±ï¿½òªï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½
�����������ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½20xx�����������ò»ï¿½ß¿ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ø´ï¿½ï¿½â¼¸ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°¸¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß»ø´ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ß°ï¿½ï¿½é£¨ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ð°¸¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½12���â£ï¿½1�â¡ï¿½3�â¡ï¿½5�â¡ï¿½7�â¡ï¿½8�â¡ï¿½10�â¡ï¿½12����31�죻4�â¡ï¿½6�â¡ï¿½9�â¡ï¿½11����30�졣ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã»ï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½2�â·ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½2�â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½20xx���2�â·ï¿½ï¿½ç¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½28�죩����ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½28�죩ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ß°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½31��ä½ð´ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½31��������â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ð°¸£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½30��ä½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½30������ð¡ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ð°¸£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã´2�â¼è²ï¿½ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²ã´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½
����ê¦ï¿½ï¿½í¬ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë��ê²ã´ï¿½ã°ì·¨ï¿½ü½ï¿ï¿½ø¼ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½î£¬ëµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ä°ì·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è½ïºãµä°ì·¨ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½èí·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö£ï¿½ß¬ï¿½ï¿½èí·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê³ö¸ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1��2��3����12����8��ê±òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1�âµäµø·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½31��ò²ï¿½ç´ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½30��ò²ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½2���⡣
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°èí·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¶ó°ï¿½ï¿½èí·è«ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ¡ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ãµä°ì·¨ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ä»ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öª
������1��îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§öªê¶ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½üºãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ï¿½ò±ï¿½ï¿½â·ý£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½â»ï¿½ï¿½æ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï·ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ´ïµ½ï¿½ß³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³éºí·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������2��ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë�ç¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½â¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½î¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð°¸¡ï¿½
������3����õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì£¬ï¿½ø¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¡£
����îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¼¸·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï°ï¿½â£ºð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¡ï¿½ï¿½62�죬�����������â£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½61�죿60���ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ä¿õ¼ä¡£
����������æµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¼ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ë»ï¿½ô¾ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½óªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½éºï¿½ð³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½î§ï¿½ï¿½
�������ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¿îµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü´ï¿½ï¿½ú²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½çµï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
三年级数学说课稿一等奖篇四
尊敬的评委、老师:
大家好。
我今天说课的内容是人教版小学数学义务教育三年级下册第46页~48页的例1及做一做。我分五个阶段完成说课。一是说教材,二是说教法,三是说学法,四是说教具准备,五是说教学过程。
1、教材内容的地位、作用和意义:
年、月、日是常用的,与人们的生活离不开的时间单位。我们知道时间单位是较为抽象的计算单位。学生已经学习并掌握了时、分、秒,本单元是此基础上向学生介绍有关年、月、日等时间单位方面知识的。本课是让学生观察认识时间单位年、月、日以及它们之间的关系,且哪几个月是大月,哪几个月是小月,和一年有多少天。随着年龄增长,生活经验的增多,年、月、日的知识也越来越多地出现在他们的生活和学习中,有了形成较长的时间观念的基础,理解一年或者一个月的时间有多长,需借助一定的想像力。因而教材注意联系实际,提高学生的学习兴趣,使学生初步了解年、月、日的有关知识。
2、教学目标
(1)知识与技能:
引导学生认识时间单位:年、月、日,知道大月、小月的知识,记住各月的天数;使学生会判断大、小月;学生能与生活联系起来,熟练地运用年、月、日的知识解决简单的实际问题,增强应用意识。
(2)过程与方法:通过探索与交流,帮助学生建立较长的时间观念,激发学生的学习兴趣,进一步培养数感,培养学生认真观察、归纳概括和逻辑思维能力。
(3)情感态度与价值观:使学生感受到数学知识和实际生活的紧密联系,激发学习兴趣。培养学生珍惜时间的良好习惯。
3、教学重难点
(1)探究发现年、月、日之间的关系。
(2)发现并掌握大月、小月的判断方法。
为了体现新课标的教学理念,依据现代认知科学理论,遵循学生的认知规律,我采取的教法是:
(1)努力体现教师为主导、学生为主体、训练为主线的原则。注重知识形成过程的教学,通过启发、诱导、设置悬念,培养学生探讨知识的能力和抽象概括能力,做到从学生的“要我学”到“我要学”意识转变,真正把学生当作学习的主人。
(2)尽量利用直观教具、演示等手段达到激发学生学习兴趣,提高课堂教学效率。
由于年、月、日的知识比较抽象,而三年级的学生是以具体形象思维为主,所以这节课我采用的学法是:教师适当引导学生联系生活,从而形象直观理解该知识。并运用学会的知识解决生活中的实际问题。也可以让学生观察、质疑、讨论、总结、概括、实践运用等手段调动学生学习积极性和主动性。让学生有充分的时间和机会动手操作、观察等方法主动获取知识,进一步培养学生的学习意识和观察分析、归纳能力,学习主动探究问题的方法。
学生:不同年份的年历卡。
教师:课件、年历等。
本节课的教学流程我分为四个环节。
第一环节:复习旧知
师:(出示课件)现在老师给大家1分钟边看题边想,把答案记在脑子里。(1分钟过去了)师:老师要请五位同学分别来完成这五道练习题,谁来呢?(学生举手)我先请一位学生回答第一题,然后发动学生评论,统一认识,得出结论:2时=(120)分。(出示隐藏答案)。然后对回答正确的学生进行表扬。(我平时上课的表扬方式是全体学生边拍手边说:嘿嘿嘿,你真棒。)同上完成以下四道练习题最后提问:大家知道时分秒都是什么单位?(学生就会回答是时间单位)
这样设计的意图在于检查学生旧知识的掌握情况,为后面要学新的时间单位做好铺垫。
第二个环节:设置悬念、情景导入
师:同学们上课到现在你们一定很累了吧?老师给你们讲一个故事放松放松一下好不好?”(这时同学们的情趣会高涨起来。)但在讲故事之前老师要向你们提出几个要求,那就是听故事要认真,听完了要回答几个问题哦!(出示课件开始讲故事)故事讲完了,请大家想一想,我们的警察是怎么一下就发现了呢?发现什么呢?请同学们拿出老师课前发给大家1993年年历卡片。假如你现在就是这位警察,请你在卡片上找出这位罪犯的生日。(学生在寻找时,我提示他们要在2月份找。)学生找了一会儿就会说找不到2月29日这一天。为什么呢?你们想知道吗?(学生肯定会说想)因为1993年2月份根本就没有29日这一天,所以我们的警察就知道他的护照是假的。由此可见,年、月、日这个时间单位在我们的日常生活中有多重要。这就是今天我们要一起来学习的比原来时、分、秒更大的时间单位:年、月、日。(板课题:年、月、日)
这样设计的意图:一方面可以将学生的注意力高度集中起来,有利于课堂教学,另一方面,更重要的是提高学生的求知欲望。
师:请同学们先闭上眼睛(出示课件),现在可以睁开了。(当学生看到这张照片可能会很高兴地议论:这不是咱们班的同学跳舞的照
片吗?)对!请同学们回忆一下,这是咱们班在哪一年的什么节日参加表演时拍下的照片呢?(出示隐藏时间xxxx年1月1日)
师:大家还想看照片吗?(学生肯定特别高兴地说:想!出示课件当学生看到张相片也肯定会说:这不是最近咱们班女子拔河比赛的照片吗?)对!那大家还记得这是什么时候拍的吗?(同时出示隐藏时间)
师:同学们,你们知道10月1日是什么节日吗?(学生会回答:国庆节)那么国庆节是从哪一年开始的呢?(学生可能会说不知道)这张照片拍的是我们的毛主席10月1日在天安门上宣布中华人民共和国成立的时刻,那是在哪一年呢?(同时出示隐藏时间1949年)从此我国的第一个国庆节就在1949年10月1日这一天诞生了。
我们再来看下一张照片。(出示课件)
大家看,照片上的人怎么样呢?(学生可能会回答他们高兴得大叫起来!)那他们为什么这么激动、高兴呢?(老师用鼠标指着“中国申奥成功”这几个字提示学生。学生会回答中国申奥成功了)那这个激动人心的时刻是在哪一年的7月13日呢?(同时出示隐藏时间xxx年。)那我们一起来读一下xxx年7月13日中国申奥成功。
师:(出示课件)请同学们说一说,这又是一个什么有意义的日子呢?(学生一看照片自然会说出3月12日是植树节。)对!同学们的眼睛真亮!那我们一起来读一下:3月12日是植树节。
师:那这张图片呢?(学生看到这张图片就会脱口而出六一儿童节是6月1日。)对!同学们真棒!我们自己来表扬自己一下:嘿嘿嘿,我真棒!
师:同学们像以上这些有意义的日子都需要用哪些时间单位去记载呢?(学生自然会回答年、月、日)那大家再大声得读一读课题:年、月、日。(再一次出示板书年、月、日)
这样设计的意图,是为了让学生体会到年、月、日这个知识来自生活实际中,以致学习本知识的必要性,从而激发学生的学习兴趣。
第三环节:合作学习,探索新知。
师:请大家拿出课前老师发给你们20xx年的年历卡,一边看一边想如何回答这几道思考题,(出示课件)并做出答案。学生边回答教师边板书(出示课件)按问题的顺序出示隐藏答案。如一年有12个月;1月、3月、5月、7月、8月、10月、12月是31天;4月、6月、9月、11月是30天。师:同学们睁大眼睛看一看还有那个月没有出来跟我们玩呢?(学生回答2月份)(出示隐藏答案2月)那20xx年的2月份是多少天呢?(学生回答28天)(出示隐藏答案28天)师:人们习惯把有31天的叫大月,(在31天后板书大月,出示隐藏答案)把30天的叫小月。(在30天后板书小月,出示隐藏答案)那么2月既不是大月也不是小月那它是什么月呢?(出示隐藏答案特殊月)
师:同学们谁有什么好办法能较快地记住各月有多少天?(启发学生开动脑筋,说出自己的办法。)表扬能想出比较好的办法的学生。现在轮到老师向你们介绍一种拳头记数法看你们喜不喜欢。(出示课件)师示范演示:请大家举起左手,攥成拳头,背向自己。从食指的凸起处依次往小指那数:1、2、3……12。数8月时要从数1月的地方数。凡是凸起的是31天也是大月,凹下去的是30天也是小月,除2月外。
学生自己练习拳头记数法,同桌互练互评,指定学生演示,大家评。然后根据投影的拳头全体一齐记忆。最后再介绍两首儿歌请学生选择一个自己认为好的办法记一记。(出示课件)
第四环节::巧设练习,巩固新知
(1)为了让学生所学知识能够很好的吸收,我设计了“我报月份,你听好,大月点头,小月击掌”的游戏。判断大、小月游戏的加入,使整个课堂的气氛达到高潮,学生的学习兴趣被充分调动,学生数学意识的形成和发展得到进一步提升。
(2)师:看谁是个聪明的小朋友,能以最快的速度完成这两道练习题。(出示课件)学生完成练习后,师生共同订正答案。
(3)拓展延伸,回归生活。
为了拓展学生的思维,在课堂的最后几分钟我设计了一道开放性练习题:小明在外婆家连续住了62天,正好是两个月,你知道是哪两个月吗?如果是61天?60天呢?给学有余力的学生创建继续发展的空间。
这样设计的意图是为了活跃学生思维,调动学生学习积极性,让学生感受到生活中处处有数学,营造了一个“轻松和谐”的课堂氛围。
至此,结束整节课的教学,在设计过程中,由于本人水平有限,可能纯在不少问题,希望得到老师们的指导。